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Pileri E, Martín-Valls GE, Díaz I, Allepuz A, Simon-Grifé M, García-Saenz A, Casal J, Mateu E. Estimation of the transmission parameters for swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in pigs from weaning to slaughter under natural conditions. Prev Vet Med 2017; 138:147-155. [PMID: 28237230 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the transmission parameters of swine influenza virus (SIV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) have been calculated using the basic reproductive rate (R) parameter in two commercial pig farms (F1 and F2). In order to do this, a serological (PRRSV genotype 1 and SIV) and virological (SIV) follow-up of a batch of animals was carried out weekly from 3 weeks of age until the age of slaughter on each farm. Results of the analysis for SIV and PRRSV showed different transmission profiles depending on the farm, the pathogen, and time of transmission. In F1, transmission of both viruses was detected throughout the sampling. The Rt (R for a given period of time) value for SIV ranged from 1.5 [0.9-2.3] to 3.6 [2.3-4.9] from farrowing to the beginning of the fattening period, and the Rt value for PRRSV was 3.3 [2.9-4.3] to 3.5 [2.8-4.1] from farrowing until the slaughter age. These results indicated that both viruses were transmitted enzootically in that farm for these periods of time. A different transmission pattern with a higher incidence was also observed during the fattening period in F1 (after 15 weeks of age) for SIV, coinciding with the entrance of a new subtype. In this case, R value for SIV reached 3.3 [1.65-4.9]. On the other hand, in F2, SIV and PRRSV seemed to be restricted to the fattening period. R reached a value of 6.4 [4.1-8.8] for SIV and 7.1 [3.5-10.6] for PRRSV. These findings suggest a different origin of the virus, as well as a more epidemic circulation, especially for SIV, where most of the new cases were observed in a one week period. In conclusion, the present study offers a reliable estimation of the range of Rt values for SIV and genotype 1 PRRSV transmission under field conditions, suggesting that enzootic circulations of both viruses are similar in terms of transmission, probably higher for PRRSV, but also that transmission of SIV is more efficient (or epidemic) than transmission of a genotype 1 PRRSV isolate in naïve animals given the new cases observed in only in F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pileri
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Gerard E Martín-Valls
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | - Ivan Díaz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | - Meritxell Simon-Grifé
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna García-Saenz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Enric Mateu
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Vilar MJ, Peralta B, García-Bocanegra I, Simon-Grifé M, Bensaid A, Casal J, Segalés J, Pina-Pedrero S. Distribution and genetic characterization of Enterovirus G and Sapelovirus A in six Spanish swine herds. Virus Res 2016; 215:42-9. [PMID: 26836019 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Enterovirus G (EV-G) and Sapelovirus A (PSV-1) was investigated in Spanish swine herds by means of cross-sectional studies. Faecal samples from clinically healthy pigs were collected from six farms, and analysed by RT-PCR. The results indicated a high prevalence of EV-G detected in nearly all the animals older than 3 weeks of age. Otherwise, PSV-1 was only detected in 3-week-old piglets from one of the farms. Genetic analyses performed in the VP1 region of the EV-G indicated circulation of diverse strains in the same farm, related to genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, G6, G9, G12, G13 and G14. Moreover, co-infection of several PSV-1 variants in the same animal was evident, typical of viral quasispecies. Evolutionary pressure analysis indicated that microevolution of PSV-1 seems to be driven by negative selection. This study gives further insights in the epidemiology of EV-G and PSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vilar
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Peralta
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I García-Bocanegra
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitarios de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Simon-Grifé
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Bensaid
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Casal
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pina-Pedrero
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Martín-Valls GE, Simon-Grifé M, van Boheemen S, de Graaf M, Bestebroer TM, Busquets N, Martín M, Casal J, Fouchier RAM, Mateu E. Phylogeny of Spanish swine influenza viruses isolated from respiratory disease outbreaks and evolution of swine influenza virus within an endemically infected farm. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:266-77. [PMID: 24685238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, outbreaks of respiratory disease were investigated for the presence of swine influenza virus (SIV). In 14 cases the circulating SIV strains were isolated, fully sequenced and compared with other known SIVs. The viruses causing the outbreaks belonged to the H1N1 (including human pandemic H1N1), H3N2 and H1N2 subtypes. In 11/14 cases the phylogenetic analyses indicated the occurrence of probable reassortment events. In the second part of the study, the genetic evolution of H1N1 SIV was assessed in a longitudinal study in closed groups of pigs over six months. Sequencing of the 22 isolates indicated co-circulation of two different variants for the same virus, as well as the emergence of SIV reassortants at certain time-points. These results indicate that reassortment events in SIV are common, and point towards the need for a better understanding of the epidemiology of SIV, particularly in endemic farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Martín-Valls
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Simon-Grifé
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sander van Boheemen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Núria Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarita Martín
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Casal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Enric Mateu
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Alonso-Padilla J, Pignatelli J, Simon-Grifé M, Plazuelo S, Casal J, Rodríguez D. Seroprevalence of porcine torovirus (PToV) in Spanish farms. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:675. [PMID: 23217216 PMCID: PMC3556161 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torovirus infections have been associated with gastroenteritis and diarrhea in horses, cows, pigs and humans, especially in young animals and in children. Although asymptomatic in a large percentage of cases, however toroviruses may pose a potential threat to worsen disease outcome in concurrent infections with other enteric pathogens. Previous studies based on the analysis of limited numbers of samples indicated high seroprevalences against porcine torovirus (PToV) in various European countries. The aim of this work was to perform a seroepidemiological survey of PToV in Spanish farms in order to define the seroprevalence against this virus. RESULTS Serum samples (n = 2664) from pigs of different ages were collected from 100 Spanish farms coming from 10 regions that concentrate 96.1% of the 3392 farms with 80 or more sows censused in Spain. Samples were screened by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) based on a recombinant PToV nucleocapsid protein as antigen. The analysis of the whole serum collection yielded a total of 95.7% (2550/2664) seropositive samples. The highest prevalence (99.6%, 1382/1388) and ELISA values (average O.D. ± standard deviation) were observed in the sows (1.03±0.36) and the lowest prevalence (59.4%, 98/165) and anti-PToV IgG levels (0.45±0.16) were found amongst 3-week-old piglets. Both ELISA reactivity values and seroprevalence percentages rose quickly with piglet's age from 3 to 11 weeks of age; the seroprevalence was 99.3% (2254/2270) when only the samples from sows and pigs over 11-weeks of age were considered. Antibodies against PToV were detected in all analyzed farms. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the results of the largest torovirus seroepidemiological survey in farmed swine performed so far. Overall, the seroprevalence against PToV in animals older than 11 weeks of age was >99%, indicating that this virus is endemic in pig herds from Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Current address: Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th ST, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Doctor Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Meritxell Simon-Grifé
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA and Department of Animal Health, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Susana Plazuelo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA and Department of Animal Health, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Simon-Grifé M, Martín-Valls GE, Vilar MJ, Busquets N, Mora-Salvatierra M, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA, Martín M, Mateu E, Casal J. Swine influenza virus infection dynamics in two pig farms; results of a longitudinal assessment. Vet Res 2012; 43:24. [PMID: 22452923 PMCID: PMC3353254 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to assess the dynamics of influenza virus infection in pigs, serological and virological follow-ups were conducted in two whole batches of pigs from two different farms (F1 and F2), from 3 weeks of age until market age. Anti-swine influenza virus (SIV) antibodies (measured by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition) and nasal virus shedding (measured by RRT-PCR and isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and MDCK cells) were carried out periodically. SIV isolates were subtyped and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes were partially sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. In F1, four waves of viral circulation were detected, and globally, 62/121 pigs (51.2%) were positive by RRT-PCR at least once. All F1 isolates corresponded to H1N1 subtype although hemagglutination inhibition results also revealed the presence of antibodies against H3N2. The first viral wave took place in the presence of colostral-derived antibodies. Nine pigs were positive in two non-consecutive sampling weeks, with two of the animals being positive with the same isolate. Phylogenetic analyses showed that different H1N1 variants circulated in that farm. In F2, only one isolate, H1N2, was detected and all infections were concentrated in a very short period of time, as assumed for a classic influenza outbreak. These findings led us to propose that influenza virus infection in pigs might present different patterns, from an epidemic outbreak to an endemic form with different waves of infections with a lower incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Simon-Grifé
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Díaz I, Venteo Á, Rebollo B, Martín-Valls GE, Simon-Grifé M, Sanz A, Mateu E. Comparison of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the diagnosis of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:344-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711435804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is critically important for control of the disease. Two new commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on different methodologies have been developed. In the present report, the 2 ELISAs were compared using blood samples from experimentally and naturally infected pigs. One of the 2 ELISAs was shown to be more sensitive than the other. The higher sensitivity of one of the ELISAs could pose a problem in PRRS diagnosis in endemic farms, because it can detect maternally derived antibodies for a longer time, overlapping with the detection of antibodies developed after PRRSV infection. However, the ELISA with higher sensitivity could be suitable for early detection of PRRSV antibodies in individual pigs, especially in PRRS-free herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Díaz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
| | - Ángel Venteo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
| | - Belén Rebollo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
| | - Gerard E. Martín-Valls
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
| | - Meritxell Simon-Grifé
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
| | - Antonio Sanz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
| | - Enric Mateu
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Martín-Valls, Simon-Grifé, Mateu)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Díaz, Mateu)
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada SA, Madrid, Spain (Venteo, Rebollo, Sanz)
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Simon-Grifé M, Martín-Valls G, Vilar M, García-Bocanegra I, Mora M, Martín M, Mateu E, Casal J. Seroprevalence and risk factors of swine influenza in Spain. Vet Microbiol 2011; 149:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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García-Bocanegra I, Simon-Grifé M, Dubey JP, Casal J, Martín GE, Cabezón O, Perea A, Almería S. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs from Spain. Parasitol Int 2010; 59:421-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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García-Bocanegra I, Dubey J, Simon-Grifé M, Cabezón O, Casal J, Allepuz A, Napp S, Almería S. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in pig farms from Catalonia, north-eastern Spain. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:85-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Busquets N, Segalés J, Córdoba L, Mussá T, Crisci E, Martín-Valls GE, Simon-Grifé M, Pérez-Simó M, Pérez-Maíllo M, Núñez JI, Abad FX, Fraile L, Pina S, Majó N, Bensaid A, Domingo M, Montoya M. Experimental infection with H1N1 European swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 human influenza virus. Vet Res 2010; 41:74. [PMID: 20663475 PMCID: PMC2939699 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. In Europe, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently have a high prevalence in commercial farms. To better assess the risk posed by the A(H1N1) 2009 in the actual situation of swine farms, we sought to analyze whether a previous infection with a circulating European avian-like swine A/Swine/Spain/53207/2004 (H1N1) influenza virus (hereafter referred to as SwH1N1) generated or not cross-protective immunity against a subsequent infection with the new human pandemic A/Catalonia/63/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus (hereafter referred to as pH1N1) 21 days apart. Pigs infected only with pH1N1 had mild to moderate pathological findings, consisting on broncho-interstitial pneumonia. However, pigs inoculated with SwH1N1 virus and subsequently infected with pH1N1 had very mild lung lesions, apparently attributed to the remaining lesions caused by SwH1N1 infection. These later pigs also exhibited boosted levels of specific antibodies. Finally, animals firstly infected with SwH1N1 virus and latter infected with pH1N1 exhibited undetectable viral RNA load in nasal swabs and lungs after challenge with pH1N1, indicating a cross-protective effect between both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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García-Bocanegra I, Simon-Grifé M, Sibila M, Dubey JP, Cabezón O, Martín G, Almería S. Duration of maternally derived antibodies in Toxoplasma gondii naturally infected piglets. Vet Parasitol 2010; 170:134-6. [PMID: 20189311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A longitudinal study was performed to analyze the dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in naturally infected piglets from 1 to 25 weeks of age. Seventy-three piglets from 20 seronegative sows (modified agglutination test, MAT <1:25) and 20 naturally infected T. gondii seropositive sows (MAT >or=1:25) were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22 and 25 weeks of age. Twenty-six of the 73 piglets analyzed (35.6%; CI 95%: 25.5-45.7) were seropositive at some point during the study. Seroprevalence in piglets at 1 and 3 weeks of age was significantly higher in animals born from seropositive sows (P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively) as an indication of maternally derived antibodies. The longest persistence (up to 6 weeks of age) was observed in piglets whose dam had high T. gondii antibody level (MAT >or=1:500), while persistence of maternally derived antibodies in the piglets born from sows with low antibody titers (maximum 1:50) was shorter and lasted only up to 3 weeks of age, when the piglets were weaned. The risk of horizontal transmission in piglets increased with age and was higher in piglets during the finishing period. The present results indicate that the decline of T. gondii maternally derived antibodies in naturally infected piglets is associated with the titers of their dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- I García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitarios de Rabanales, Apdo. 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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