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Alanazi AE, Alhumaidy AA, Almutairi H, Awadalla ME, Alkathiri A, Alarjani M, Aldawsari MA, Maniah K, Alahmadi RM, Alanazi BS, Eifan S, Alosaimi B. Evolutionary analysis of LMP-1 genetic diversity in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Bioinformatic insights into oncogenic potential. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 120:105586. [PMID: 38508363 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is an important oncogene involved in the induction and maintenance of EBV infection and the activation of several cell survival and proliferative pathways. The genetic diversity of LMP-1 has an important role in immunogenicity and tumorigenicity allowing escape from host cell immunity and more metastatic potential of LMP-1 variants. This study explored the evolutionary of LMP-1 in EBV-infected patients at an advanced stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Detection of genetic variability in LMP-1 genes was carried out using Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted for translation and nucleotide alignment. Phylogenetic analysis was used to construct a Bayesian tree for a deeper understanding of the genetic relationships, evolutionary connections, and variations between sequences. Genetic characterization of LMP-1 in NPC patients revealed the detection of polymorphism in LMP-1 Sequences. Motifs were identified within three critical LMP-1 domains, such as PQQAT within CTAR1 and YYD within CTAR2. The presence of the JACK3 region at specific sites within CTAR3, as well as repeat regions at positions (122-132) and (133-143) within CTAR3, was also annotated. Additionally, several mutations were detected including 30 and 69 bp deletions, 33 bp repeats, and 15 bp insertion. Although LMP-1 strains appear to be genetically diverse, they are closely related to 3 reference strains: prototype B95.8, Med- 30 bp deletion, and Med + 30 bp deletion. In our study, one of the strains harboring the 30 bp deletion had both bone and bone marrow metastasis which could be attributed to the fact that LMP-1 is involved in tumor metastasis, evasion and migration of NPC cells. This study provided valuable insights into genetic variability in LMP-1 sequences of EBV in NPC patients. Further functional studies would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical implications of LMP-1 polymorphisms in EBV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah E Alanazi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hatim Almutairi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaweya E Awadalla
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alkathiri
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Alarjani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesfer Abdullah Aldawsari
- Department of Health Education, Alyamamah Hospital, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Maniah
- Department of Biology, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh 22140, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M Alahmadi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alanazi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Eifan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
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