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Wai Linn T, Kobroob A, Ngernjan M, Amornlerdpison D, Lailerd N, Wongmekiat O. Crocodile Oil Disrupts Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Exacerbates Diabetic Kidney Injury in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081068. [PMID: 36008962 PMCID: PMC9406139 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in type 2 diabetes. Studies have suggested that supplementation with some fatty acids might reduce the risk and delay the progression to ESRD in patient with chronic kidney disease. Crocodile oil (CO) contains a variety of fatty acids, especially omega-3, -6 and -9, that have been reported to be beneficial to human health. This study examined the impact of long-term CO supplementation on the development of diabetic nephropathy in spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. After diabetic verification, SDT rats were assigned to receive vehicle or CO at 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively, by oral gavage. Age-matched nondiabetic Sprague–Dawley rats were given vehicle or high-dose CO. After 28 weeks of intervention, CO failed to improve hyperglycemia and pancreatic histopathological changes in SDT rats. Unexpectedly, CO dose-dependently exacerbated the impairment of kidney and mitochondrial functions caused by diabetes. CO also disturbed the expressions of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. However, no significant alterations were observed in nondiabetic rats receiving high-dose CO. The findings reveal that CO has deleterious effects that aggravate diabetic kidney injury via disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis, possibly due to its improper omega-6: omega-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiri Wai Linn
- Nutrition and Exercise Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.W.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Metas Ngernjan
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; (M.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpison
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; (M.N.); (D.A.)
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Nutrition and Exercise Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.W.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Integrative Renal Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-935362
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