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Esmaeili P, Rafei M, Balsalobre-Lorente D, Adedoyin FF. The role of economic policy uncertainty and social welfare in the view of ecological footprint: evidence from the traditional and novel platform in panel ARDL approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:13048-13066. [PMID: 36125678 PMCID: PMC9485021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the contemporary world, environmental degradation has become a concern for human beings. Accordingly, the impact of social welfare, economic policy uncertainty, natural resource rents, life expectancy, and trade openness are examined on ecological footprint (the most comprehensive proxy of environmental degradation) in 19 energy-intensive countries from 1997 to 2018. With this in mind, this study used the traditional panel ARDL and CS-ARDL approaches to evaluate how the study's variables influence ecological footprint. Notably, the results of the CS-ARDL approach are more robust due to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity problems. The outcomes revealed that economic policy uncertainty and trade openness affect the ecological footprint negatively in the short run and positively in the long run. Moreover, social welfare degrades the environment in the long run, and natural resource rents improve environmental quality by mitigating the ecological footprint in the short run and harming the environment in the long run. Besides, life expectancy does not significantly affect ecological footprint in the long or short run. Meanwhile, the results confirmed the bi-directional causal relationship between the study's variable and ecological footprint. Based on the outcomes, the way to adopt effective policies to improve the quality of the environment has been paved. Furthermore, a comprehensive policy framework for stricter environmental regulation is expected to be developed using the outcomes derived from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meysam Rafei
- Faculty of Economics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Rafei M, Mamipour S, Bahari N. Dynamic path through of oil price shocks into inflation in Iran: application of Markov switching and TVP-VAR models. IJESM 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijesm-05-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic effects of the oil price shocks on Iran’s inflation in the period 1993:2–2018:2
Design/methodology/approach
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic effects of the oil price shocks on Iran’s inflation in the period 1993:2–2018:2 using the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model. The dynamics of the results enable us to study the amount and severity of the impact of the oil price shocks on inflation with the distinction of the sanctioned and non-sanctioned periods. The volume of oil export is used to identify the effective oil sanctions. The period is divided into sanctioned and non-sanctioned periods by Markov switching model.
Findings
The results show that the pass-through of oil price shocks into Iran’s inflation are time-varying, and there are significant differences at sanction period from other time horizons. An increase in oil price has a positive effect on inflation and its effects are stronger during the sanctions period. It is also observed that the producer price index is more sensitive to changes in the oil price than the consumer price index. The necessity of the government’s earnest efforts to improve international relations to lift the sanctions, along with diversification of exports, and making the economy of Iran independent of oil revenues is obvious.
Originality/value
In addition to the exogenous oil price shocks, Iran’s economy faces numerous restrictions for its oil exports due to the sanctions. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics effects of the oil price shocks on Iran’s inflation in the period 1993:2–2018:2 using the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model. The dynamics of the results enable us to study the amount and severity of the impact of the oil price shocks on inflation with the distinction of the sanctioned and non-sanctioned periods. The volume of oil export is used to identify the effective oil sanctions.
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Esmaeili P, Rafei M. Energy intensity determinants based on structure-oriented cointegration by embedding a knowledge box in a time series model: evidence from Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13504-13522. [PMID: 34595709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy intensity reduction is an exigent issue for Iran, where energy consumption is so high. Therefore, finding effective policies to reduce energy intensity is essential. With this in mind, the impact of financial development, government investment, oil revenues, and trade openness on energy intensity is assessed in this study. We combined structural vector error correction model (SVECM) and directed acyclic graphs (DAG) technique to examine the relationships between study variables. The results of DAG prove that financial development, government investment, oil revenues, and trade openness influence the intensity of energy. Besides, the significant and long-run relationships among variables allowed us to apply SVECM. Impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis indicate that government investment, oil revenues, and trade openness are negatively associated with the intensity of energy. Also, financial development positively influences energy intensity. Meanwhile, the impact of government investment is more significant than oil revenues, trade openness, and financial development impacts. So, government investment is the most effective policy regarding optimizing the consumption of energy and reducing energy intensity. We also advise policymakers to use oil revenues to increase government investment, enhance trade openness, and tax the private sector to improve the level of energy intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meysam Rafei
- Faculty of Economics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Soleimani P, Emami B, Rafei M, Shahrasbi H. Forecasting the wind direction by using time series models with long-term memory (case study: Nayer region). IJESM 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijesm-04-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Today, because of the increasing need for the energy resources and the reduction of fossil fuels, renewable energy, especially wind energy, has attracted special attention. The precise forecasting of such energy will be the main factor in designing and investing in this field. On the other hand, the wind energy forecast provides the possibility of optimal use of available resources. In addition, the produce maximum energy would be possible by identifying wind direction and putting wind turbines in the best position.
Design/methodology/approach
Time series forecasting methods with long-term memory in this research have been used.
Findings
Eventually, the autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (3,0,0)-FIGARCH (1,0,1) long-term memory model has more acceptable performance. The obtained error is based on the RMSE (0.2889) and the TIC (0.2605) values.
Practical implications
In this paper, the forecast wind direction belongs to Ardebil province and Nayer city in Iran.
Originality/value
The speed and direction of wind are variables that constantly change; hence, it will be difficult to predict the exact wind energy. In recent years, some studies have been conducted on wind speed forecasting, whereas wind direction forecasting has been done in a fewer number of studies. Most studies are related to low-lying areas. As the height of the wind turbine is directly related to the energy generation, 78 m height has been considered in this study.
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Ashouri MJ, Rafei M. Analysis of asymmetries in air pollution with water resources, and energy consumption in Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:17590-17601. [PMID: 29667052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Iran should pay special attention to its excessive consumption of energy and air pollution due to the limited availability of water resources. This study explores the effects of the consumption of energy and water resources on air pollution in Iran from 1971 to 2014. It utilizes the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag approach to establish a robust relationship between the variables which show that both long- and short-run coefficients are asymmetrical. The positive and negative aspects of the long-run coefficients of energy consumption and water resources were found to be 0.19, - 1.63, 0.18, and 2.36, respectively, while only the negative ones were significant for energy consumption. Based on the cumulative effects, it can be established that there are important and significant differences in the responses of air pollution to positive and negative changes in water productivity and energy consumption. In particular, CO2 gas emissions are affected by negative changes in H2O productivity both in terms of the total and the GDP per unit of energy use in Iran. In regard to short-run results, considerable asymmetric effects occur on all the variables for CO2 emissions. Based on the results obtained, some recommendations are presented, which policymakers can adopt in efforts to address the issues of pollution and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Ashouri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Rafei
- Department of Economics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Al‐Chami E, Tormo A, Pasquin S, Kanjarawi R, Ziouani S, Rafei M. Interleukin-21 administration to aged mice rejuvenates their peripheral T-cell pool by triggering de novo thymopoiesis. Aging Cell 2016; 15:349-60. [PMID: 26762709 PMCID: PMC4783337 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccination efficacy in the elderly is significantly reduced compared to younger populations due to thymic involution and age‐related intrinsic changes affecting their naïve T‐cell compartment. Interleukin (IL)‐21 was recently shown to display thymostimulatory properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that its administration to ageing hosts may improve T‐cell output and thus restore a competent peripheral T‐cell compartment. Indeed, an increase in the production of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) attributable to intrathymic expansion of early thymic progenitors (ETPs), double‐negative (DN), and double‐positive (DP) thymocytes as well as thymic epithelial cell (TEC) was observed in recombinant (r)IL‐21‐treated aged mice. In sharp contrast, no alterations in the frequency of bone marrow (BM)‐derived progenitors were detected following rIL‐21 administration. Enhanced production of naïve T cells improved the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity and re‐established a pool of T cells exhibiting higher levels of miR‐181a and diminished amounts of the TCR‐inhibiting phosphatases SHP‐2 and DUSP5/6. As a result, stimulation of T cells derived from rIL‐21‐treated aged mice displayed enhanced activation of Lck, ZAP‐70, and ERK, which ultimately boosted their IL‐2 production, CD25 expression, and proliferation capabilities in comparison with T cells derived from control aged mice. Consequently, aged rIL‐21‐treated mice vaccinated using a tyrosinase‐related protein 2 (Trp2)‐derived peptide exhibited a substantial delay in B16 tumor growth and improved survival. The results of this study highlight the immunorestorative function of rIL‐21 paving its use as a strategy for the re‐establishment of effective immunity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Al‐Chami
- Department of Pharmacology Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3C 1J7 Canada
| | - A. Tormo
- Department of Pharmacology Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3C 1J7 Canada
| | - S. Pasquin
- Department of Pharmacology Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3C 1J7 Canada
| | - R. Kanjarawi
- Department of Pharmacology Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3C 1J7 Canada
| | - S. Ziouani
- Université Paris‐Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie 5 rue J.B. Clément 92296 Châtenay‐Malabry Cedex France
| | - M. Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3C 1J7 Canada
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Al-Chami E, Tormo A, Khodayarian F, Rafei M. Therapeutic utility of the newly discovered properties of interleukin-21. Cytokine 2015; 82:33-7. [PMID: 26748727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2000, interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been shown to display a broad spectrum of pleiotropic actions including the regulation of development, differentiation and function of lymphoid-myeloid cells. More specifically, IL-21 modulates the effector functions of T, B and NK cells, which not only have key roles in antitumoral and antiviral immunity but also in exerting major effects on inflammatory responses promoting the development of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have unveiled an unexpected role for IL-21 in immune regulation and de novo T-cell development. While highlighting its critical role in immunity, this review will mainly focus on recent advances in IL-21 biology and how such newly discovered properties could potentially be exploited therapeutically in the establishment of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Al-Chami
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - A Tormo
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - F Khodayarian
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Ghoreishy MHR, Rafei M, Naderi G. OPTIMIZATION OF THE VULCANIZATION PROCESS OF A THICK RUBBER ARTICLE USING AN ADVANCED COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNIQUE. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2012. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.12.88917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A previously developed computer simulation technique was extended for the optimization of the molding time of a thick rubber article in which a commercial finite element code was employed in conjunction with an in-house developed subroutine. The kinetics of the rubber-curing reaction and the physical and thermal properties of the materials were determined using appropriate methods. The accuracy of the method was examined by comparison of the measured temperature profile with calculated data. Two cure simulations were carried out. First, the molding time was set to the actual time used in the manufacturing specification. Having checked the distribution of the state of the cure at the center of the rubber, the molding time was reduced to save time, reduce energy, and avoid the risk of overcure at the rubber surfaces. Based on the proposed molding time, a second simulation was performed. A comparison between the hardness of the rubber article made by the reduced molding time and the measured hardness on the article manufactured by the previous molding time showed that there was 5 shore A increase in the hardness, which confirmed the applicability of procedures used in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. R. Ghoreishy
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Rafei
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - G. Naderi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
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Rafei M, Mosavi MR. A New 0.25–12.5 GHz High Quality Factor Low-Power Active Inductor Using Local RC Feedback to Cancel Series-Loss Resistance. Arab J Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-012-0431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rahimi E, Bonyadian M, Rafei M, Kazemeini H. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:129-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Asgary S, Naderi G, Sarrafzadegan N, Boshtam M, Rafei M, Zarei M, Zarfeshany S. Nicotine and cotinine enhanced the hemoglobin glycosylation a possible deleterious mechanism of smoking. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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