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Ahmed SM, Neu Young S, DeFino MC, Kerschner JE. Measuring institutional community engagement: Adding value to academic health systems. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 3:12-17. [PMID: 31402986 PMCID: PMC6676498 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond medical schools' historical focus on pillar missions including clinical care, education, and research, several medical schools now include community engagement (CE) as a mission. However, most academic health systems (AHSs) lack the tools to provide metrics, evaluation, and standardization for quantifying progress and contributions of the CE mission. Several nationwide initiatives, such as that driven by the Institute of Medicine recommending advances in CE metrics at institutions receiving Clinical and Translational Science Awards, have encouraged the research and development of systematic metrics for CE, but more progress is needed. The CE components practical model provides a foundation for analyzing and evaluating different types of CE activities at AHSs through five components: research, education, community outreach and community service, policy and advocacy, and clinical care. At the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), an annual survey administered to faculty and staff assessed the types and number of CE activities from the prior year. Survey results were combined to create a CE report for departments across the institution and inform MCW leadership. Insights gathered from the survey have contributed to next steps in CE tracking and evaluation, including the development of a CE dashboard to track CE activities in real time. The dashboard provides resources for how individuals can advance the CE mission through their work and guide CE at the institutional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Ahmed
- Office of the Senior Associate Dean and Associate Provost for Community Engagement, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sharon Neu Young
- Office of the Senior Associate Dean and Associate Provost for Community Engagement, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Joseph E. Kerschner
- Office of the Dean and Provost, School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Franco ZE, Ahmed SM, Maurana CA, DeFino MC, Brewer DD. A Social Network Analysis of 140 Community-Academic Partnerships for Health: Examining the Healthier Wisconsin Partnership Program. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:311-9. [PMID: 25974413 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides an important, underutilized approach to evaluating Community Academic Partnerships for Health (CAPHs). This study examines administrative data from 140 CAPHs funded by the Healthier Wisconsin Partnership Program (HWPP). METHODS Funder data was normalized to maximize number of interconnections between funded projects and 318 non-redundant community partner organizations in a dual mode analysis, examining the period from 2003-2013.Two strategic planning periods, 2003-2008 vs. 2009-2014, allowed temporal comparison. RESULTS Connectivity of the network was largely unchanged over time, with most projects and partner organizations connected to a single large component in both time periods. Inter-partner ties formed in HWPP projects were transient. Most community partners were only involved in projects during one strategic time period. Community organizations participating in both time periods were involved in significantly more projects during the first time period than partners participating in the first time period only (Cohen's d = 0.93). DISCUSSION This approach represents a significant step toward using objective (non-survey) data for large clusters of health partnerships and has implications for translational science in community settings. Considerations for government, funders, and communities are offered. Examining partnerships within health priority areas, orphaned projects, and faculty ties to these networks are areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeno E Franco
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Syed M Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Office of Senior Associate Dean for Community Engagement, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cheryl A Maurana
- Strategic Outreach, Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mia C DeFino
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Devon D Brewer
- Interdisciplinary Scientific Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Ahmed S, DeFino MC, Connors ER, Kissack A, Franco Z. Science cafés: engaging scientists and community through health and science dialogue. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 7:196-200. [PMID: 24716626 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of the community through informal dialogue with researchers and physicians around health and science topics is an important avenue to build understanding and affect health and science literacy. Science Cafés are one model for this casual interchange; however the impact of this approach remains under researched. The Community Engagement Key Function of the Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin hosted a series of Science Cafés in which topics were collaboratively decided upon by input from the community. Topics ranged from Personalized Medicine to Alzheimer's and Dementia to BioMedical Innovation. A systematic evaluation of the impact of Science Cafés on attendees' self-confidence related to five health and scientific literacy concepts showed statistically significant increases across all items (Mean differences between mean retrospective pre-scores and post-scores, one tailed, paired samples t-test, n=141, p<.0001 for all items). The internal consistency of the five health and scientific literacy items was excellent (n=126, α=0.87). Thematic analysis of attendees' comments provides more nuance about positive experience and suggestions for possible improvements. The evaluation provides important evidence supporting the effectiveness of brief, casual dialogue as a way to increase the public's self-rated confidence in health and science topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Olson VG, Rockett HR, Reh RK, Redila VA, Tran PM, Venkov HA, DeFino MC, Hague C, Peskind ER, Szot P, Raskind MA. The role of norepinephrine in differential response to stress in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:441-8. [PMID: 21251647 PMCID: PMC3740168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder precipitated by exposure to extreme traumatic stress. Yet, most individuals exposed to traumatic stress do not develop PTSD and may be considered psychologically resilient. The neural circuits involved in susceptibility or resiliency to PTSD remain unclear, but clinical evidence implicates changes in the noradrenergic system. METHODS An animal model of PTSD called Traumatic Experience with Reminders of Stress (TERS) was developed by exposing C57BL/6 mice to a single shock (2 mA, 10 sec) followed by exposure to six contextual 1-minute reminders of the shock over a 25-day period. Acoustic startle response (ASR) testing before the shock and after the last reminder allowed experimenters to separate the shocked mice into two cohorts: mice that developed a greatly increased ASR (TERS-susceptible mice) and mice that did not (TERS-resilient mice). RESULTS Aggressive and social behavioral correlates of PTSD increased in TERS-susceptible mice but not in TERS-resilient mice or control mice. Characterization of c-Fos expression in stress-related brain regions revealed that TERS-susceptible and TERS-resilient mice displayed divergent brain activation following swim stress compared with control mice. Pharmacological activation of noradrenergic inhibitory autoreceptors or blockade of postsynaptic α(1)-adrenoreceptors normalized ASR, aggression, and social interaction in TERS-susceptible mice. The TERS-resilient, but not TERS-susceptible, mice showed a trend toward decreased behavioral responsiveness to noradrenergic autoreceptor blockade compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS These data implicate the noradrenergic system as a possible site of pathological and perhaps also adaptive plasticity in response to traumatic stress.
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Lyssand JS, DeFino MC, Tang X, Wacker JL, Gardner RG, Adams ME, Hague C. Characterization of the α
1D
‐Adrenergic Receptor Signalosome. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.771.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marvin E Adams
- Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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DeFino MC, Wacker JL, Lyssand JS, Wang EH, Hague C. Differential regulation of GPR54 transcription by specificity protein-1 and partial estrogen response element in mouse pituitary cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:603-8. [PMID: 20152817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Precise spatial and temporal expression of the recently identified G-protein coupled receptor GPR54 is critical for proper reproductive function and metastasis suppression. However, regulatory factors that control GPR54 expression remain unknown. Thus, the identification of these cis-acting DNA elements can provide insight into the role of GPR54 in reproduction and cancer. Using luciferase reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that three SP1 sites and a partial estrogen response element modulate mouse GPR54 (mGPR54) promoter activity. Supporting experiments show transcription factor SP1 binds directly to the mGPR54 promoter region and activates gene expression. In conclusion, these novel findings now identify factors that regulate activity of the mGPR54 promoter, and these factors are highly conserved across multiple mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C DeFino
- Department of Pharmacology, Box 357280, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
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Lyssand JS, Wacker JL, DeFino MC, Tang X, Tan X, Stella N, Zheng N, Hague C. The second intracellular loop of D2R activates Galphai1. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.943.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Tan
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | | | - Ning Zheng
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Chris Hague
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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DeFino MC, Wacker JL, Lyssand JS, Wang E, Stella N, Hague C. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms controlling GPR54 expression. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.945.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edith Wang
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | | | - Chris Hague
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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Lyssand JS, DeFino MC, Tang XB, Hertz AL, Feller DB, Wacker JL, Adams ME, Hague C. Blood pressure is regulated by an alpha1D-adrenergic receptor/dystrophin signalosome. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18792-800. [PMID: 18468998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801860200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease associated with increased plasma catecholamines, overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and increased vascular tone and total peripheral resistance. A key regulator of sympathetic nervous system function is the alpha(1D)-adrenergic receptor (AR), which belongs to the adrenergic family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Endogenous catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine activate alpha(1D)-ARs on vascular smooth muscle to stimulate vasoconstriction, which increases total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure. Indeed, alpha(1D)-AR KO mice display a hypotensive phenotype and are resistant to salt-induced hypertension. Unfortunately, little information exists about how this important GPCR functions because of an inability to obtain functional expression in vitro. Here, we identified the dystrophin proteins, syntrophin, dystrobrevin, and utrophin as essential GPCR-interacting proteins for alpha(1D)-ARs. We found that dystrophins complex with alpha(1D)-AR both in vitro and in vivo to ensure proper functional expression. More importantly, we demonstrate that knock-out of multiple syntrophin isoforms results in the complete loss of alpha(1D)-AR function in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells and abrogation of alpha(1D)-AR-mediated increases in blood pressure. Our findings demonstrate that syntrophin and utrophin associate with alpha(1D)-ARs to create a functional signalosome, which is essential for alpha(1D)-AR regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Lyssand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Lyssand JS, DeFino MC, Hertz AL, Feller DB, Tang X, Adams ME, Wacker JL, Hague C. Functional characterization of the alpha1D‐AR/syntrophin signaling complex. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.726.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Tang
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Physiology and BiophysicsUnversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | | | - Chris Hague
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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Wacker JL, Feller DB, Tang X, DeFino MC, Namkung Y, Lyssand J, Mhyre AJ, Tan X, Hague C. Unraveling the molecular mechanism by which the L148S mutation of GPR54 causes idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.729.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Mhyre
- Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - Xu Tan
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Chris Hague
- PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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