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Dunne AF, Tietbohl MD, Nuber C, Berumen M, Jones BH. Fish-mediated nutrient flows from macroalgae habitats to coral reefs in the Red Sea. Mar Environ Res 2023; 185:105884. [PMID: 36701826 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae canopies are common in tropical coastlines, and can be feeding grounds for coral reef fishes. We investigated whether fish transfer algal material from Sargassum-dominated macroalgae habitats to coral reefs by collecting gut contents of two herbivorous fish species (Naso elegans and N. unicornis) from coral reefs in the central Red Sea. On inshore reefs close to macroalgae canopies, Sargassum accounted for up to 41% of these species' gut contents while almost no Sargassum was found in the stomachs of fish on offshore reefs farther from macroalgae canopies. Using consumption and excretion rates from literature, we estimate that these fish consume up to 6.0 mmol C/m2 reef/day and excrete up to 10.8 μmol N/m2 reef/day and 1.0 μmol P/m2 reef/day across inshore reefs as a result of Sargassum consumption. Examining fish-mediated connections between habitats illuminates the role of fish as a vector of nutrition to nutrient-poor coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn F Dunne
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Matthew D Tietbohl
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Clara Nuber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Michael Berumen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Burton H Jones
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Carvalho S, Aylagas E, Villalobos R, Kattan Y, Berumen M, Pearman JK. Beyond the visual: using metabarcoding to characterize the hidden reef cryptobiome. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182697. [PMID: 30963940 PMCID: PMC6408595 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era of coral reef degradation, our knowledge of ecological patterns in reefs is biased towards large conspicuous organisms. The majority of biodiversity, however, inhabits small cryptic spaces within the framework of the reef. To assess this biodiverse community, which we term the ‘reef cryptobiome’, we deployed 87 autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS), on 22 reefs across 16 degrees latitude of the Red Sea. Combining ARMS with metabarcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, we reveal a rich community, including the identification of 14 metazoan phyla within 10 416 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). While mobile and sessile subsets were similarly structured along the basin, the main environmental driver was different (particulate organic matter and sea surface temperature, respectively). Distribution patterns of OTUs showed that only 1.5% were present in all reefs, while over half were present in a single reef. On both local and regional scales, the majority of OTUs were rare. The high heterogeneity in community patterns of the reef cryptobiome has implications for reef conservation. Understanding the biodiversity patterns of this critical component of reef functioning will enable a sound knowledge of how coral reefs will respond to future anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Carvalho
- 1 Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Aylagas
- 1 Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodrigo Villalobos
- 1 Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Kattan
- 2 Environmental Protection Department , Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Berumen
- 1 Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - John K Pearman
- 1 Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
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Shelyakin PV, Garushyants SK, Nikitin MA, Mudrova SV, Berumen M, Speksnijder AGCL, Hoeksema BW, Fontaneto D, Gelfand MS, Ivanenko VN. Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia ventalina (Alcyonacea). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11563. [PMID: 30069039 PMCID: PMC6070567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host fitness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be influenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly influencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially different with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassified bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had significantly different prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was different. Contrary to our expectations, the microbial community composition of the injured gall tissues was not directly affected by the microbiome of the gall-forming symbiont copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Shelyakin
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, B. Karetny per. 19, Moscow, 127051, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina str. 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Sofya K Garushyants
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, B. Karetny per. 19, Moscow, 127051, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Nikitin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Sofya V Mudrova
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2332 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, Verbania, 28922, Italy
| | - Mikhail S Gelfand
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, B. Karetny per. 19, Moscow, 127051, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Faculty of Computer Science, Higher School of Economics, Kochnovsky pr. 3, Moscow, 125319, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav N Ivanenko
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2332 AA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Riegl B, Berumen M, Bruckner A. Coral population trajectories, increased disturbance and management intervention: a sensitivity analysis. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1050-64. [PMID: 23610643 PMCID: PMC3631413 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs distant from human population were sampled in the Red Sea and one-third showed degradation by predator outbreaks (crown-of-thorns-starfish = COTS observed in all regions in all years) or bleaching (1998, 2010). Models were built to assess future trajectories. They assumed variable coral types (slow/fast growing), disturbance frequencies (5,10,20 years), mortality (equal or not), and connectivity (un/connected to un/disturbed community). Known disturbances were used to parameterize models. Present and future disturbances were estimated from remote-sensing chlorophyll and temperature data. Simulations and sensitivity analysis suggest community resilience at >20-year disturbance frequency, but degradation at higher frequency. Trajectories move from fast-grower to slow-grower dominance at intermediate disturbance frequency, then again to fast-grower dominance. A similar succession was observed in the field: Acropora to Porites to Stylophora/Pocillopora dominance on shallow reefs, and a transition from large poritids to small faviids on deep reefs. Synthesis and application: Even distant reefs are impacted by global changes. COTS impacts and bleaching were key driver of coral degradation, coral population decline could be reduced if these outbreaks and bleaching susceptibility were managed by maintaining water quality and by other interventions. Just leaving reefs alone, seems no longer a satisfactory option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Riegl
- National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University Dania, Florida, USA
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Abstract
A simple, convenient to use apparatus suitable for patient self-monitoring is described and illustrated with graphs of mean arterial pressure determinants which provide clinically useful hemodynamic details unobtainable with cuff blood pressure measurements. A bathroom scale and a forearm cuff blood pressure system completes the home monitoring apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Hon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King/Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
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