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Zhang M, Ferrari R, Tartaglia MC, Keith J, Surace EI, Wolf U, Sato C, Grinberg M, Liang Y, Xi Z, Dupont K, McGoldrick P, Weichert A, McKeever PM, Schneider R, McCorkindale MD, Manzoni C, Rademakers R, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Parisi JE, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Miller BL, Seeley WW, van Swieten JC, van Rooij J, Pijnenburg Y, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C, Le Ber I, Van Deerlin V, Suh E, Rohrer JD, Mead S, Graff C, Öijerstedt L, Pickering-Brown S, Rollinson S, Rossi G, Tagliavini F, Brooks WS, Dobson-Stone C, Halliday GM, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Binetti G, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Bruni AC, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Rainero I, Rubino E, Clarimon J, Lleó A, Ruiz A, Hernández I, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Borroni B, Pasquier F, Deramecourt V, Lebouvier T, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, Grafman J, Huey ED, Mayeux R, Nalls MA, Hernandez D, Singleton A, Momeni P, Zeng Z, Hardy J, Robertson J, Zinman L, Rogaeva E. A C6orf10/LOC101929163 locus is associated with age of onset in C9orf72 carriers. Brain 2018; 141:2895-2907. [PMID: 30252044 PMCID: PMC6158742 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The high phenotypic heterogeneity of C9orf72 patients includes a wide range in age of onset, modifiers of which are largely unknown. Age of onset could be influenced by environmental and genetic factors both of which may trigger DNA methylation changes at CpG sites. We tested the hypothesis that age of onset in C9orf72 patients is associated with some common single nucleotide polymorphisms causing a gain or loss of CpG sites and thus resulting in DNA methylation alterations. Combined analyses of epigenetic and genetic data have the advantage of detecting functional variants with reduced likelihood of false negative results due to excessive correction for multiple testing in genome-wide association studies. First, we estimated the association between age of onset in C9orf72 patients (n = 46) and the DNA methylation levels at all 7603 CpG sites available on the 450 k BeadChip that are mapped to common single nucleotide polymorphisms. This was followed by a genetic association study of the discovery (n = 144) and replication (n = 187) C9orf72 cohorts. We found that age of onset was reproducibly associated with polymorphisms within a 124.7 kb linkage disequilibrium block tagged by top-significant variation, rs9357140, and containing two overlapping genes (LOC101929163 and C6orf10). A meta-analysis of all 331 C9orf72 carriers revealed that every A-allele of rs9357140 reduced hazard by 30% (P = 0.0002); and the median age of onset in AA-carriers was 6 years later than GG-carriers. In addition, we investigated a cohort of C9orf72 negative patients (n = 2634) affected by frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and also found that the AA-genotype of rs9357140 was associated with a later age of onset (adjusted P = 0.007 for recessive model). Phenotype analyses detected significant association only in the largest subgroup of patients with frontotemporal dementia (n = 2142, adjusted P = 0.01 for recessive model). Gene expression studies of frontal cortex tissues from 25 autopsy cases affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis revealed that the G-allele of rs9357140 is associated with increased brain expression of LOC101929163 (a non-coding RNA) and HLA-DRB1 (involved in initiating immune responses), while the A-allele is associated with their reduced expression. Our findings suggest that carriers of the rs9357140 GG-genotype (linked to an earlier age of onset) might be more prone to be in a pro-inflammatory state (e.g. by microglia) than AA-carriers. Further, investigating the functional links within the C6orf10/LOC101929163/HLA-DRB1 pathway will be critical to better define age-dependent pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Shanghai First Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Neuroscience Center, University Health Network Memory clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ezequiel I Surace
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Uri Wolf
- Baycrest Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengrui Xi
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Dupont
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip McGoldrick
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Weichert
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M McKeever
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael Schneider
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Claudia Manzoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare and Young Dementias, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Alzheimer Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Genetics Unit, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Öijerstedt
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Alzheimer Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Genetics Unit, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, Lamezia Terme, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- National Reference Center for Young Onset Dementia, Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, University Hospital, Inserm U1171, DistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Deramecourt
- National Reference Center for Young Onset Dementia, Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, University Hospital, Inserm U1171, DistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- National Reference Center for Young Onset Dementia, Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, University Hospital, Inserm U1171, DistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Mental Health in Older Adults and Alzheimer Therapy and Research Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Imperial College London, School of Public Health, Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward D Huey
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zhen Zeng
- Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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