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Dreshaj M, Dee M, Brusgaard N, Raemaekers D, Peeters H. High-resolution Bayesian chronology of the earliest evidence of domesticated animals in the Dutch wetlands (Hardinxveld-Giessendam archaeological sites). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280619. [PMID: 36693035 PMCID: PMC9873193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The archaeological sites of Hardinxveld-Giessendam de Bruin and Polderweg, situated in the Rhine-Meuse delta, are the best-preserved Mesolithic sites in the Netherlands. Due to the early appearance of domesticated animals in their faunal assemblage, they are also integral to the research of the emergence of animal husbandry in the region. This study focuses on the precise chronology of the sites, using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling of both newly acquired and legacy radiocarbon dates. To mitigate the risk of erroneous dates, we dated the bone collagen of 26 herbivorous and one aquatic mammals from clear archaeological contexts and discovered that the most recent occupational phases at both sites are several centuries younger than previously thought. This is consistent with material evidence of lifestyle changes in the final phase at Hardinxveld-Giessendam de Bruin, which is now, according to our chronology, contemporaneous with the similar patterns produced in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merita Dreshaj
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Centre for Isotope Research, Energy Academy, Groningen, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Dee
- Centre for Isotope Research, Energy Academy, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Brusgaard
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daan Raemaekers
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Peeters
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Brusgaard NØ, Çakirlar C, Dee M, Dreshaj M, Erven J, Peeters H, Raemaekers D. No compelling evidence for early small-scale animal husbandry in Atlantic NW Europe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1387. [PMID: 35082333 PMCID: PMC8792060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Ø Brusgaard
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Canan Çakirlar
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Dee
- Center for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Merita Dreshaj
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Center for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolijn Erven
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Peeters
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Raemaekers
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cullen VL, Smith VC, Tushabramishvili N, Mallol C, Dee M, Wilkinson KN, Adler DS. A revised AMS and tephra chronology for the Late Middle to Early Upper Paleolithic occupations of Ortvale Klde, Republic of Georgia. J Hum Evol 2020; 151:102908. [PMID: 33370643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nature and timing of the shift from the Late Middle Paleolithic (LMP) to the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) varied geographically, temporally, and substantively across the Near East and Eurasia; however, the result of this process was the archaeological disappearance of Middle Paleolithic technologies across the length and breadth of their geographic distribution. Ortvale Klde rockshelter (Republic of Georgia) contains the most detailed LMP-EUP archaeological sequence in the Caucasus, an environmentally and topographically diverse region situated between southwest Asia and Europe. Tephrochronological investigations at the site reveal volcanic ash (tephra) from various volcanic sources and provide a tephrostratigraphy for the site that will facilitate future correlations in the region. We correlate one of the cryptotephra layers to the large, caldera-forming Nemrut Formation eruption (30,000 years ago) from Nemrut volcano in Turkey. We integrate this tephrochronological constraint with new radiocarbon dates and published ages in an OxCal Bayesian age model to produce a revised chronology for the site. This model increases the ages for the end of the LMP (∼47.5-44.2 ka cal BP) and appearance of the EUP (∼46.7-43.6 ka cal BP) at Ortvale Klde, which are earlier than those currently reported for other sites in the Caucasus but similar to estimates for specific sites in southwest Asia and eastern Europe. These data, coupled with archaeological, stratigraphic, and taphonomic observations, suggest that at Ortvale Klde, (1) the appearance of EUP technologies of bone and stone has no technological roots in the preceding LMP, (2) a LMP population vacuum likely preceded the appearance of these EUP technologies, and (3) the systematic combination of tephra correlations and absolute dating chronologies promises to substantially improve our inter-regional understanding of this critical time interval of human evolution and the potential interconnectedness of hominins at different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria C Smith
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carolina Mallol
- Archaeological Micromorphology and Biomarker Research Lab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna Campus de Guajara, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Michael Dee
- Centre for Isotope Research, ESRIG, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Keith N Wilkinson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Adler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, CT, USA.
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Shrestha N, Dee M, Chaturvedi P, Leclerc G, Zhu X, George V, Prendes C, You L, Spanoudis C, Rhode P, Wong HC. A novel, non-feeder-cell approach to generate large numbers of Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like NK cells for adoptive cells therapies. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.88.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have constructed two heterodimeric multi-cytokine fusions, HCW9201 and HCW9206, to support a “Kick and Expand” approach to activate and induce proliferation of purified NK cells for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). HCW9201 is a heterodimeric fusion protein complex comprising human IL-15 (complexed with an IL-15Rα-sushi domain), IL-18 and IL-12. HCW9206 is heterodimeric fusion protein comprising human IL-15 (complexed with an IL-15Rα-sushi domain), IL-7, and IL-21. When purified human NK cells from peripheral blood were activated with HCW9201 for three hours and then incubated with HCW9206 in combination with a capture antibody, the HCW9201-activated NK cells expanded approximately 100–300 folds within 14 days. The expanded NK cells exhibit a cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) phenotype with a high metabolic rate and respiratory capacity, remarkable anti-tumor activity, and persistence when they were adoptively transferred into NSG mice. They also retained their heightened responsiveness when re-stimulated with tumor targets. Cytokine dependent epigenetic demethylation imprints of the Ifng promoter region were also observed for at least 10 days after the NK cells were adoptively transferred to NSG mice. In conclusion, a simple, scalable, non-feeder-cell-based “Kick and Expand” process was developed to support the generation of large numbers of CIML NK cells for multiple rounds of ACT using peripheral blood NK cell. We also provide data to show that these CIML NK cells are an excellent source for generation of CAR-NK cells.
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Taylor W, Wilkin S, Wright J, Dee M, Erdene M, Clark J, Tuvshinjargal T, Bayarsaikhan J, Fitzhugh W, Boivin N. Radiocarbon dating and cultural dynamics across Mongolia's early pastoral transition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224241. [PMID: 31693700 PMCID: PMC6834239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of mobile herding lifeways in Mongolia and eastern Eurasia was one of the most crucial economic and cultural transitions in human prehistory. Understanding the process by which this played out, however, has been impeded by the absence of a precise chronological framework for the prehistoric era in Mongolia. One rare source of empirically dateable material useful for understanding eastern Eurasia's pastoral tradition comes from the stone burial mounds and monumental constructions that began to appear across the landscape of Mongolia and adjacent regions during the Bronze Age (ca. 3000-700 BCE). Here, along with presenting 28 new radiocarbon dates from Mongolia's earliest pastoral monumental burials, we synthesise, critically analyse, and model existing dates to present the first precision Bayesian radiocarbon model for the emergence and geographic spread of Bronze Age monument and burial forms. Model results demonstrate a cultural succession between ambiguously dated Afanasievo, Chemurchek, and Munkhkhairkhan traditions. Geographic patterning reveals the existence of important cultural frontiers during the second millennium BCE. This work demonstrates the utility of a Bayesian approach for investigating prehistoric cultural dynamics during the emergence of pastoral economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Taylor
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Shevan Wilkin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
| | - Joshua Wright
- University of Aberdeen, Department of Archaeology, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Michael Dee
- University of Groningen, Center for Isotope Research, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Myagmar Erdene
- National University of Mongolia, Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Tumurbaatar Tuvshinjargal
- Christian Albrechts University, Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Keil, Germany
| | | | - William Fitzhugh
- Smithsonian Institute, Department of Archaeology, Arctic Studies Center, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
- University of Queensland, School of Social Science, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Calgary, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Calgary, Canada
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., United States of America
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Neocleous A, Azzopardi G, Dee M. Identification of possible Δ 14C anomalies since 14 ka BP: A computational intelligence approach. Sci Total Environ 2019; 663:162-169. [PMID: 30711582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increments in the concentration of the radiocarbon in the atmosphere (Δ14C) have been identified in the years 774-775 CE and 993-994 CE (Miyake events) using annual measurements on known-age tree-rings. The level of cosmic radiation implied by such increases could cause the failure of satellite telecommunication systems, and thus, there is a need to model and predict them. In this work, we investigated several intelligent computational methods to identify similar events in the past. We apply state-of-the-art pattern matching techniques as well as feature representation, a procedure that typically is used in machine learning and classification. To validate our findings, we used as ground truth the two confirmed Miyake events, and several other dates that have been proposed in the literature. We show that some of the methods used in this study successfully identify most of the ground truth events (~1% false positive rate at 75% true positive rate). Our results show that computational methods can be used to identify comparable patterns of interest and hence potentially uncover sudden increments of Δ14C in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neocleous
- Center for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - George Azzopardi
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Dee
- Center for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Liu B, Kong L, Noel T, Han K, You L, Dee M, Rhode PR, Jeng EK, Alter S, Wong HC. Novel antitumor complexes of bispecific antibodies using ALT-803 as a scaffold demonstrate Tetra-specific binding activities. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.120.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-15 and its receptor α (IL-15Ra) are co-expressed in antigen presenting cells allowing trans-presentation of IL-15 to immune cells bearing IL-2Rβγc and stimulation of effector immune responses. We have demonstrated that an IL-15 superagonist:IL-15Rα-Fc complex (ALT-803) is capable of stimulating T cell and NK cell responses. We have reported that ALT-803 could be exploited to create a functional scaffold for the design of multivalent disease-targeted complexes (Liu et al, J. Biol. Chem. 2016 291: 23869). The lead molecule based on anti-CD20 rituximab is currently in pre-clinical development. In this study, this approach was further optimized by generating an IL-15 superagonist:IL-15Rα-Fc complex (2B8T3M) comprising two anti-human CD20 scFv domains and two anti-human CD3 scFv domains. 2B8T3M molecules exhibit CD3, CD20, Fc-receptor and IL-15Rbgc tetra-specific binding activities and IL-15 bioactivity. In contrast to 2B8T2M which redirects NK cells to lyse CD20+ B-lymphoma cells (ADCC), 2B8T3M was capable of redirecting both CD8+ T cells via the anti-CD3 scFv domains and NK cells via the Fc domain against CD20+ Daudi cells. In order to investigate antitumor activities in vivo of the tetra-specific molecules in immunocompetent mouse, we have also constructed and generated mouse CD3/CD19-binding T3M complexes. Antitumor efficacy of these molecules is being assessed in mouse A20 B cell lymphoma model. These findings suggest that tetra-specific T3M complexes may serve as novel, T-cell based targeted immunotherapeutics for treating cancer.
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Dee M, Wengrow D, Shortland A, Stevenson A, Brock F, Girdland Flink L, Bronk Ramsey C. An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2013; 469:20130395. [PMID: 24204188 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2013.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Egyptian state was formed prior to the existence of verifiable historical records. Conventional dates for its formation are based on the relative ordering of artefacts. This approach is no longer considered sufficient for cogent historical analysis. Here, we produce an absolute chronology for Early Egypt by combining radiocarbon and archaeological evidence within a Bayesian paradigm. Our data cover the full trajectory of Egyptian state formation and indicate that the process occurred more rapidly than previously thought. We provide a timeline for the First Dynasty of Egypt of generational-scale resolution that concurs with prevailing archaeological analysis and produce a chronometric date for the foundation of Egypt that distinguishes between historical estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dee
- RLAHA , University of Oxford , Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Spencer KA, Dee M, Britton P, Hiscox JA. Role of phosphorylation clusters in the biology of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid protein. Virology 2007; 370:373-81. [PMID: 17931676 PMCID: PMC7103301 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) nucleocapsid (N) protein is an RNA binding protein which is phosphorylated at two conserved clusters. Kinetic analysis of RNA binding indicated that the C-terminal phosphorylation cluster was involved in the recognition of viral RNA from non-viral RNA. The IBV N protein has been found to be essential for the successful recovery of IBV using reverse genetics systems. Rescue experiments indicated that phosphorylated N protein recovered infectious IBV more efficiently when compared to modified N proteins either partially or non-phosphorylated. Our data indicate that the phosphorylated form of the IBV N protein plays a role in virus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Anne Spencer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Chen H, Gill A, Dove BK, Emmett SR, Kemp CF, Ritchie MA, Dee M, Hiscox JA. Mass spectroscopic characterization of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein and elucidation of the role of phosphorylation in RNA binding by using surface plasmon resonance. J Virol 2005; 79:1164-79. [PMID: 15613344 PMCID: PMC538594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.2.1164-1179.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the coronavirus nucleoprotein (N protein) has been predicted to play a role in RNA binding. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the kinetics of RNA binding between nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated infectious bronchitis virus N protein with nonviral and viral RNA by surface plasmon resonance (Biacore). Mass spectroscopic analysis of N protein identified phosphorylation sites that were proximal to RNA binding domains. Kinetic analysis, by surface plasmon resonance, indicated that nonphosphorylated N protein bound with the same affinity to viral RNA as phosphorylated N protein. However, phosphorylated N protein bound to viral RNA with a higher binding affinity than nonviral RNA, suggesting that phosphorylation of N protein determined the recognition of virus RNA. The data also indicated that a known N protein binding site (involved in transcriptional regulation) consisting of a conserved core sequence present near the 5' end of the genome (in the leader sequence) functioned by promoting high association rates of N protein binding. Further analysis of the leader sequence indicated that the core element was not the only binding site for N protein and that other regions functioned to promote high-affinity binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Chen
- School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Boy KM, Dee M, Yevich J, Torrente J, Gao Q, Iben L, Stark A, Mattson RJ. Ligand conformation has a definitive effect on 5-HT1A and serotonin reuptake affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4467-70. [PMID: 15357973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally constrained aryl cyclohexanes and cyclohexenes based on aryl cyclohexanols 1 were prepared. Locking the aryl ring in plane with the cyclohexane moiety provided potent SSRIs 3. Conversely, fixing the aryl ring perpendicular to the cyclohexane ring via a spiro lactone provided balanced 5-HT1A antagonists with mid-nanomolar range SSRI potency (compounds 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Boy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Oka R, Dee M, Botvinick E, Witherell C. 264 COMPARISON OF ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD TO CONVENTIONAL METBODS FOR ESTIMATING TARGET HEART RATE IN CARDIAC PATENTS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wertlieb H, Dee M. Day care: a logical extension of long-term care services. Mod Nurs Home 1974; 32:21-2. [PMID: 4493169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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