1
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Fuentes MMPB, Santos AJB, Abreu-Grobois A, Briseño-Dueñas R, Al-Khayat J, Hamza S, Saliba S, Anderson D, Rusenko KW, Mitchell NJ, Gammon M, Bentley BP, Beton D, Booth DTB, Broderick AC, Colman LP, Snape RTE, Calderon-Campuzano MF, Cuevas E, Lopez-Castro MC, Flores-Aguirre CD, Mendez de la Cruz F, Segura-Garcia Y, Ruiz-Garcia A, Fossette S, Gatto CR, Reina RD, Girondot M, Godfrey M, Guzman-Hernandez V, Hart CE, Kaska Y, Lara PH, Marcovaldi MAGD, LeBlanc AM, Rostal D, Liles MJ, Wyneken J, Lolavar A, Williamson SA, Manoharakrishnan M, Pusapati C, Chatting M, Mohd Salleh S, Patricio AR, Regalla A, Restrepo J, Garcia R, Santidrián Tomillo P, Sezgin C, Shanker K, Tapilatu F, Turkozan O, Valverde RA, Williams K, Yilmaz C, Tolen N, Nel R, Tucek J, Legouvello D, Rivas ML, Gaspar C, Touron M, Genet Q, Salmon M, Araujo MR, Freire JB, Castheloge VD, Jesus PR, Ferreira PD, Paladino FV, Montero-Flores D, Sozbilen D, Monsinjon JR. Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output? Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e16991. [PMID: 37905464 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a "middle of the road" scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26-43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from -20 to -191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M P B Fuentes
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology, and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - A J B Santos
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology, and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - A Abreu-Grobois
- Unidad Academica Mazatlan, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - R Briseño-Dueñas
- Unidad Academica Mazatlan, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J Al-Khayat
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Hamza
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Saliba
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Anderson
- Gumbo Limbo Nature Center, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - K W Rusenko
- Gumbo Limbo Nature Center, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - N J Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Gammon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B P Bentley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Beton
- Society for Protection of Turtles, Gonyeli, Northern Cyprus
| | - D T B Booth
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - A C Broderick
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - L P Colman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - R T E Snape
- Society for Protection of Turtles, Gonyeli, Northern Cyprus
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - M F Calderon-Campuzano
- Programa de Protección y Conservación de Tortugas Marinas, Convenio FONATUR-Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología-UNAM, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - E Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - M C Lopez-Castro
- Pronatura Península de Yucatán, A. C. Programa para la Conservación de la Tortuga Marina, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - C D Flores-Aguirre
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - F Mendez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Y Segura-Garcia
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Ruiz-Garcia
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S Fossette
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C R Gatto
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R D Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Girondot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Godfrey
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - C E Hart
- Centro de Investigaciones Oceánicas del Mar de Cortés-Gran Acuario de Mazatlán, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | - Y Kaska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - P H Lara
- Fundação Projeto Tamar, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - A M LeBlanc
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - D Rostal
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - M J Liles
- Asociacion ProCosta, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - J Wyneken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - A Lolavar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - S A Williamson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - M Chatting
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Mohd Salleh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - A R Patricio
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Ispa-Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Regalla
- Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas, Dr. Alfredo Simão da Silva (IBAP), Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - J Restrepo
- Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R Garcia
- Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - C Sezgin
- Sea Turtle Research, Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (DEKAMER), Mugla, Turkey
| | - K Shanker
- Dakshin Foundation, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - F Tapilatu
- Research Center of Pacific Marine Resources-University of Papua (UNIPA), Manokwari, Papua Barat, Indonesia
| | - O Turkozan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - R A Valverde
- Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - K Williams
- Caretta Research Project, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - C Yilmaz
- Hakkari University, Vocational School of Health Services, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - N Tolen
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - R Nel
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - J Tucek
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - D Legouvello
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - M L Rivas
- Department of Biology, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- Te Mana O Te Moana, Moorea-Maiao, French Polynesia
| | - M Touron
- Te Mana O Te Moana, Moorea-Maiao, French Polynesia
| | - Q Genet
- Te Mana O Te Moana, Moorea-Maiao, French Polynesia
| | - M Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - M R Araujo
- Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - J B Freire
- Fundação Espírito Santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - P R Jesus
- Econservation Estudos e Projetos Ambientais, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - P D Ferreira
- Departamento de Gemologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - F V Paladino
- Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | | | - D Sozbilen
- Department of Veterinary, Acıpayam Vocational School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - J R Monsinjon
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Délégation Océan Indien (DOI), Le Port, La Réunion, France
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Trail SE, Salmon M. Experimental Analysis of Wavelength Preferences Shown by Hatchling Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2022. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1535.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Trail
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431-0991 USA [; ]
| | - Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431-0991 USA [; ]
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Lecardonnel T, Salmon M, Merdy O, Sarzeaud R, Matthew T. Does the inter-osseous membrane fascial dysfunction exist ? An observational study comparing palpation to ultrasound measurements. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trail SE, Salmon M. Differences in visual perception are correlated with variation in sea-finding behaviour between hatchling leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea, and loggerhead, Caretta caretta, marine turtles. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Field A, McGlashan JK, Salmon M. Evidence for Synchronous Hatching in Marine Turtle (Caretta caretta) Embryos and Its Influence on the Timing of Nest Emergence. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2021. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Field
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431 USA [; ]
| | - Jessica K. McGlashan
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751 Australia []
| | - Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431 USA [; ]
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Nawroth JC, Lucchesi C, Cheng D, Shukla A, Ngyuen J, Shroff T, Varone A, Karalis K, Lee HH, Alves S, Hamilton GA, Salmon M, Villenave R. A Microengineered Airway Lung Chip Models Key Features of Viral-induced Exacerbation of Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:591-600. [PMID: 32706623 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0010ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral-induced exacerbation of asthma remains a major cause of hospitalization and mortality. New human-relevant models of the airways are urgently needed to understand how respiratory infections may trigger asthma attacks and to advance treatment development. Here, we describe a new human-relevant model of rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbation that recapitulates viral infection of asthmatic airway epithelium and neutrophil transepithelial migration, and enables evaluation of immunomodulatory therapy. Specifically, a microengineered model of fully differentiated human mucociliary airway epithelium was stimulated with IL-13 to induce a T-helper cell type 2 asthmatic phenotype and infected with live human rhinovirus 16 (HRV16) to reproduce key features of viral-induced asthma exacerbation. We observed that the infection with HRV16 replicated key hallmarks of the cytopathology and inflammatory responses observed in human airways. Generation of a T-helper cell type 2 microenvironment through exogenous IL-13 stimulation induced features of asthmatic airways, including goblet cell hyperplasia, reduction of cilia beating frequency, and endothelial activation, but did not alter rhinovirus infectivity or replication. High-resolution kinetic analysis of secreted inflammatory markers revealed that IL-13 treatment altered IL-6, IFN-λ1, and CXCL10 secretion in response to HRV16. Neutrophil transepithelial migration was greatest when viral infection was combined with IL-13 treatment, whereas treatment with MK-7123, a CXCR2 antagonist, reduced neutrophil diapedesis in all conditions. In conclusion, our microengineered Airway Lung-Chip provides a novel human-relevant platform for exploring the complex mechanisms underlying viral-induced asthma exacerbation. Our data suggest that IL-13 may impair the hosts' ability to mount an appropriate and coordinated immune response to rhinovirus infection. We also show that the Airway Lung-Chip can be used to assess the efficacy of modulators of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Joseph Z, Calvert N, Salmon M, Harper M, Swann A, Tan R, Blades K, Yates P. Enhanced recovery principles applied to revision hip and knee arthroplasty leads to better patient outcomes. J Orthop 2020; 22:543-547. [PMID: 33208991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims There is very little published literature on Enhanced Recovery Principles (ERP) used in primary joint replacements applied to revision hip and knee arthroplasty (rTHA, rTKA). Methods Retrospective series of 268 rTHA and rTKA surgeries from 2010 -2018, treated with ERP, focusing on multimodal pain management, blood management and early functional recovery. Results No patients from the latest cohort required readmission within 6 weeks. Only 20 patients (7.5%) required a blood transfusion. Surgical site local anaesthetic infiltration was associated with lower PCA use in aseptic rTHA and rTKA (p<0.001; p<0.001). Revisions for infection had a longer length of stay (LOS) and increased PCA usage in both rTHA (6.5 vs. 5.2 days) and rTKA (10.1 vs. 5.3 days), similar to our previous study.1 Use of an intra-articular catheter for analgesia in rTKA showed reduced PCA use. Tourniquets were not beneficial for blood loss in rTKA and had greater PCA use post-operatively (p<0.001). Conclusion The application of ERP to revision THA and TKA surgery is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharia Joseph
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia (ORFWA), Australia
| | - Nicholas Calvert
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia (ORFWA), Australia
| | - Michael Salmon
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
| | - Matthew Harper
- St John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
| | - Alex Swann
- St John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Roger Tan
- St John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin Blades
- St John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
| | - Piers Yates
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
- St John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia 6159, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia (ORFWA), Australia
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Wyneken J, Salmon M. Linking Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior to Conservation: Lessons Learned from Studies of Sea Turtles. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:440-455. [PMID: 32617553 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe examples of studies that have contributed both to a basic understanding of the biology of imperiled marine turtles, and to their management and conservation. Key elements include, first and foremost, correctly identifying species that differ strikingly in their morphology at different life stages because with growth, they change size by several orders of magnitude and have accompanying shape changes. We also review comprehensive field studies documenting the need for management actions to correct abnormal shifts in sex ratios caused by climate change. We highlight the need to describe those perturbations in terms that are clear to regulators and personnel responsible for management and conservation policies. Finally, we review several basic studies that enhance our understanding of how selection has shaped morphological, functional, and performance attributes, and describe how that knowledge can be applied to the tasks required for enhancing species recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Wyneken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
| | - Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
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Smith HE, Hoover SR, Salmon M, Seaman H, Coppenrath CM, Hirsch SE, Perrault JR. Impact of the fire ant pesticide AMDRO on loggerhead turtle nest productivity and seafinding orientation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fire ants prey on a variety of organisms in the southeastern USA, including the pipped eggs and hatchlings within sea turtle nests. The granular fire ant bait AMDRO® (active ingredient hydramethylnon) is currently used at some rookeries to protect nests, but no studies have been conducted to determine if the pesticide negatively impacts the eggs or the hatchlings. We examined the pesticide’s effect on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nests at Juno Beach, Florida, USA, specifically targeting how exposure affected hatching success, hatchling emergence success, and the ability of the turtles to orient visually from the nest to the sea. Pesticide granules were placed within a 30 cm diameter circle on the sand directly above the nest during the final 5-10 days of incubation, representative of its typical application at nesting beaches. Cornmeal granules in soybean oil and untreated natural nests served as controls. AMDRO had no significant effect on hatching success or emergence success, nor did it result in any deficiencies in hatchling orientation accuracy. However, the pesticide and cornmeal control attracted other predators (Atlantic ghost crabs and avian species), in addition to fire ants, to the nest site, thus revealing the nest’s location and potentially increasing its vulnerability. Consequently, we suggest that its usage may not be beneficial at sites where predators other than ants are especially abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- HE Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - SR Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - M Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - H Seaman
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 U.S. Highway 1, Juno Beach, Florida 33408, USA
| | - CM Coppenrath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 U.S. Highway 1, Juno Beach, Florida 33408, USA
| | - SE Hirsch
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 U.S. Highway 1, Juno Beach, Florida 33408, USA
| | - JR Perrault
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 U.S. Highway 1, Juno Beach, Florida 33408, USA
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Umiker B, Lee HH, Cope J, Ajami NJ, Laine JP, Fregeau C, Ferguson H, Alves SE, Sciammetta N, Kleinschek M, Salmon M. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in Nod2 knockout mice. Innate Immun 2020; 25:132-143. [PMID: 30774010 PMCID: PMC6830860 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919826367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract
characterized by inflammation and intestinal epithelial injury. Loss of function
mutations in the intracellular bacterial sensor NOD2 are major risk factors for
the development of CD. In the absence of robust bacterial recognition by NOD2 an
inflammatory cascade is initiated through alternative PRRs leading to CD. In the
present study, MCC950, a specific small molecule inhibitor of NLR pyrin
domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), abrogated dextran sodium sulfate
(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in Nod2−/−
mice. NLRP3 inflammasome formation was observed at a higher rate in
NOD2-deficient small intestinal lamina propria cells after insult by DSS. NLRP3
complex formation led to an increase in IL-1β secretion in both the small
intestine and colon of Nod2ko mice. This increase in IL-1β
secretion in the intestine was attenuated by MCC950 leading to decreased disease
severity in Nod2ko mice. Our work suggests that NLRP3
inflammasome activation may be a key driver of intestinal inflammation in the
absence of functional NOD2. NLRP3 pathway inhibition can prevent intestinal
inflammation in the absence of robust NOD2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadim J Ajami
- 2 Diversigen, Inc. Houston, TX, USA.,3 Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Lancelot C, Ginglinger J, Hannewald P, Salmon M. 338 In vitro Th-17 inflammatory skin models as a promising tool for psoriasis research and drug development. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Salmon M. A Brief Exposure to Magnetic Distortions During Embryonic Development May Compromise the Migration of Loggerhead Hatchlings. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1369.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431 USA []
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13
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Caniga M, Yu H, Lee HH, Wang M, Witter D, Salmon M, Fan PW. Estimation of Fraction Dissolved After Intratracheal Delivery of a Potent Janus Kinase Inhibitor, iJAK-001, with Low Solubility in Rat and Sheep: Impact of Preclinical PKPD on Inhaled Human Dose Projection. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 32:251-265. [PMID: 31084462 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2018.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A highly potent pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with excellent kinome selectivity was developed for topical delivery to treat severe asthma. This poorly soluble drug discovery candidate, iJAK-001, is expected to exhibit long duration of JAK/STAT pathway inhibition at low doses in asthmatics because of depot effect after dry powder inhalation. Human dose projection for inhaled molecules with low aqueous solubility remains to be a daunting challenge because of several limitations: (1) bioanalytical measurement of dissolved fraction after inhalation of solid particles is uncertain; (2) distribution of these particles is not homogenous in the lung; (3) in vitro solubility measurements to estimate fraction dissolved may not be a reflection of local surface lung concentration; (4) lack of a surrogate biomarker of lung target engagement, and (5) invasive procedure needed to sample human lung tissue in the clinic. Methods: We leveraged in silico, in vitro, and in vivo tools preclinically and found significant differences in lung to plasma partition ratio when iJAK-001 was given intravenously (IV) or intratracheally in a solution-based formulation versus that in suspension, as well as pharmacodynamic response in preclinical asthma models when delivered systemically via IV infusion versus inhaled. Results and Conclusion: The combined results from above suggest that caution must be exercised using either lung or plasma exposure for human dose projection. Instead, using the local inhibitor concentration estimate based on delivery efficiency, dose, fraction absorbed, and rate of absorption normalized by lung (cardiac) blood flow may be more appropriate for dose projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caniga
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc.Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongshi Yu
- Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc.Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc.Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meiyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc.Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Witter
- Preclinical Research, Cullinan Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Salmon
- Platform Translation and Development, Emulate, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter W Fan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc.Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Celano L, Sullivan C, Field A, Salmon M. Seafinding revisited: how hatchling marine turtles respond to natural lighting at a nesting beach. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:1007-1015. [PMID: 30367271 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hatchling marine turtles emerge at night from underground nests on oceanic beaches and then use visual cues to crawl from the nest site to the sea ("seafinding"). However, the light wavelengths (λ's) used to accomplish this orientation have not been thoroughly documented, nor do we understand why some λ's are favored over others. We measured nocturnal radiance on the horizon at 20 nm intervals between 340 and 600 nm at two nesting beach sites and then, under laboratory conditions, determined the lowest intensities of those λ's that induced green turtle and loggerhead hatchlings to crawl toward each light source (a low positive "phototaxis threshold"). Both species were similarly sensitive and were attracted to all λ's. Radiance measures at all λ's were greater toward the seaward horizon than toward the landward horizon, providing an important orientation cue regardless of variation in lunar illumination. Previous studies document that both species detect λ's longer than those that are most attractive. We hypothesize that seafinding is a specialized response mediated by cones that are sensitive to the shorter λ's (to minimize the effects of dark noise) but such as rods, are especially sensitive to low levels of nocturnal illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Celano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Caroline Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Angela Field
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA.
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Kerns S, Obrigewitch J, Roth A, Karalis K, Salmon M, Hamilton G, Moisan A. Safety and efficacy profiling of T-cell bispecific antibodies using the intestine-chip. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Ba M, Rawat S, Lao R, Grous M, Salmon M, Halayko AJ, Gerthoffer WT, Singer CA. Differential regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by MK2 and MK3 in airway smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 53:12-19. [PMID: 30205157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contributes to local inflammation and plays an immunomodulatory role in airway diseases. This is partially regulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which further activates two closely related isoforms of the MAPK-activated protein kinases (MKs), MK2 and MK3. The MKs have similar substrate specificities but less is known about differences in their functional responses. This study was undertaken to identify differential downstream inflammatory targets of MK2 and MK3 signaling and assess cross-talk between the MAPK pathway and NF-κB signaling relevant to ASM function. METHODS Wild-type and kinase-deficient MK2 (MK2WT, MK2KR) and MK3 (MK3WT, MK33A) were expressed in human ASM cells stimulated for 20 h with 10 ng/ml each interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ. Inflammatory mediator secretion was assessed by Luminex assays and ELISA. Signaling pathway activation was monitored by Western blotting. RESULTS Expression of these MKs and stimulation with 10 ng/ml IL-1β, TNFα and IFNγ for 20 h did not affect secretion of multiple cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 but did differentially affect the secretion of regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5, IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). RANTES/CCL5 secretion was decreased by MK2WT or MK3WT and stimulated by inhibition of MK2 or MK3 activity with expression of the kinase-deficient enzymes MK2KR or MK33A. IL-6 and GM-CSF secretion was decreased by inhibition of MK2 activity with MK2KR and while MK3WT had no effect, the kinase-deficient MK33A further decreased secretion of these mediators. Cross-talk of the MKs with other signaling pathways was investigated by examining NF-κB activation, which was inhibited by expression of MK3 but not affected by MK2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an inhibitory role for MK2 and MK3 activity in RANTES/CCL5 secretion and cross-talk of MK3 with NF-κB to regulate IL-6 and GM-CSF. These findings differentiate MK2 and MK3 function in ASM cells and provide insight that may enable selective targeting of MKs in ASM to modulate local inflammation in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ba
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Shanti Rawat
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ronna Lao
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Marilyn Grous
- GlaxoSmithKline, Respiratory, Inflammation & Respiratory Pathogens, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Salmon
- GlaxoSmithKline, Respiratory, Inflammation & Respiratory Pathogens, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- University of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Section of Respiratory Diseases, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R8, Canada
| | - William T Gerthoffer
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Cherie A Singer
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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18
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Salmon M, Coppenrath C, Higgins B. The early ontogeny of carapace armoring in hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), with comparisons to its close relatives (Loggerhead, Caretta caretta; Kemp's ridley, Lepidochelys kempii). J Morphol 2018; 279:1224-1233. [PMID: 30105840 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compare and contrast armoring strategies during early ontogeny among three related species of marine turtles: the hawksbill, a species that diverged about 29 mya from the loggerhead and Kemp's ridley, which diverged from one another about 16 mya. Our purpose was to determine whether there was a correlation between divergence time and the evolution of unique morphological armoring specializations among these species. To find out, we completed a more detailed analysis of shell morphology for all of the species that revealed the following patterns. First, each species has evolved a somewhat different armoring strategy, suggesting that shell morphological evolution is surprisingly flexible. Second, hawksbills possess armoring features that are unique among all marine turtle species, suggesting a correlation between divergence through time and divergence in morphology. However, hawksbills also frequent coral reefs and selection pressures promoting their survival in those habitats may also have shaped their unique morphology. In contrast, loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles share similar armoring features that differ primarily in when during ontogeny they appear and in their degree of expression. Third, the armoring adaptations shown generally by juvenile marine turtles resemble those found among marine fishes of comparable size, probably because both small turtles and fishes are exposed to similar predators that promote evolutionarily similar adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431
| | - Christina Coppenrath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431
| | - Benjamin Higgins
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Galveston, Texas
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Abstract
Lymphopenia is a recognized but poorly studied feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We set out to establish the prevalence and significance of lymphopenia in RA. A group of 66 RA patients was studied for one year. During this time 10 (15%) had persistent lymphopenia (lymphocyte count less than 1.00 X 10(9)/l) without evidence of Felty's syndrome. A separate study of lymphocyte subsets in 13 lymphopenic RA patients showed marked reduction in T-cell numbers with normal circulating B-cell numbers. The numbers of CD4 and CD8 positive T-cells were equally depressed. Lymphopenia may indicate more severe disease. It was not influenced by changes in disease activity or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Symmons
- Rheumatism Research Wing, Medical School, University of Birmingham
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Aziz A, Dar P, Hughes F, Solorzano C, Muller MM, Salmon C, Salmon M, Benfield N. Cassava flour slurry as a low-cost alternative to commercially available gel for obstetrical ultrasound: a blinded non-inferiority trial comparison of image quality. BJOG 2018; 125:1179-1184. [PMID: 29328522 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of ultrasound images obtained with cassava flour slurry (CFS) compared with conventional gel in order to determine objectively whether CFS could be a true low-cost alternative. DESIGN Blinded non-inferiority trial. SETTING Obstetrical ultrasound unit in an academic medical centre. POPULATION OR SAMPLE Women with a singleton pregnancy, undergoing anatomy ultrasounds. METHODS Thirty pregnant women had standard biometry measures obtained with CFS and conventional gel. Images were compared side-by-side in random order by two blinded sonologists and rated for image resolution, detail and total image quality using a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Ratings were compared using paired t-tests. Participant and sonographer experience was measured using five-point Likert scales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Image resolution, detail, and total image quality. Participant experience of gel regarding irritation, messiness, and ease of removal. RESULTS We found no significant difference between perceived image quality obtained with CFS (mean = 6.2, SD = 1.2) and commercial gel (mean = 6.4, SD = 1.2) [t (28) = -1.1; P = 0.3]. Images were not rated significantly differently for either reviewer in any measure, any standardized image or any view of a specific anatomic structure. All five sonographers rated CFS as easy to obtain clear images and easy for patient and machine cleanup. Only one participant reported itching with CFS. CONCLUSIONS CFS produces comparable image quality to commercial ultrasound gel. The dissemination of these results and the simple CFS recipe could significantly increase access to ultrasound for screening, monitoring and diagnostic purposes in resource-limited settings. FUNDING This study was internally funded by our department. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Low-cost homemade cassava flour slurry creates images equal to commercial ultrasound gel, improving access.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Dar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Hughes
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Solorzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M M Muller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - C Salmon
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - M Salmon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Benfield
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H. Pate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431-0991 USA[]
| | - Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431-0991 USA[]
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St. Pierre C, Guo J, Shin JD, Engstrom LW, Lee HH, Herbert A, Surdi L, Baker J, Salmon M, Shah S, Ellis JM, Houshyar H, Crackower MA, Kleinschek MA, Jones DC, Hicks A, Zaller DM, Alves SE, Ramadas RA. A human tissue-based functional assay platform to evaluate the immune function impact of small molecule inhibitors that target the immune system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180870. [PMID: 28719615 PMCID: PMC5515432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the immune system is essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis, health and survival of humans, aberrant immune responses can lead to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological modulation of drug targets in the immune system to ameliorate disease also carry a risk of immunosuppression that could lead to adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the 'immune fingerprint' of novel therapeutics as they relate to current and, clinically used immunological therapies to better understand their potential therapeutic benefit as well as immunosuppressive ability that might lead to adverse events such as infection risks and cancer. Since the mechanistic investigation of pharmacological modulators in a drug discovery setting is largely compound- and mechanism-centric but not comprehensive in terms of immune system impact, we developed a human tissue based functional assay platform to evaluate the impact of pharmacological modulators on a range of innate and adaptive immune functions. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate a qualitative and quantitative immune system impact of pharmacological modulators, which might help better understand and predict the benefit-risk profiles of these compounds in the treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina St. Pierre
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jane Guo
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - John D. Shin
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura W. Engstrom
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan Herbert
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura Surdi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - James Baker
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Salmon
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Ellis
- Exploratory Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hani Houshyar
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Crackower
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melanie A. Kleinschek
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dallas C. Jones
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Hicks
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dennis M. Zaller
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen E. Alves
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ravisankar A. Ramadas
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Busch-Petersen J, Carpenter DC, Burman M, Foley J, Hunsberger GE, Kilian DJ, Salmon M, Mayer RJ, Yonchuk JG, Tal-Singer R. Danirixin: A Reversible and Selective Antagonist of the CXC Chemokine Receptor 2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:338-346. [PMID: 28611093 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a key receptor in the chemotaxis of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. The studies reported here describe the pharmacological characterization of danirixin, a CXCR2 antagonist in the diaryl urea chemical class. Danirixin has high affinity for CXCR2, with a negative log of the 50% inhibitory concentration (pIC50) of 7.9 for binding to Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO)-expressed human CXCR2, and 78-fold selectivity over binding to CHO-expressed CXCR1. Danirixin is a competitive antagonist against CXCL8 in Ca2+-mobilization assays, with a KB (the concentration of antagonist that binds 50% of the receptor population) of 6.5 nM and antagonist potency (pA2) of 8.44, and is fully reversible in washout experiments over 180 minutes. In rat and human whole-blood studies assessing neutrophil activation by surface CD11b expression following CXCL2 (rat) or CXCL1 (human) challenge, danirixin blocks the CD11b upregulation with pIC50s of 6.05 and 6.3, respectively. Danirixin dosed orally also blocked the influx of neutrophils into the lung in vivo in rats following aerosol lipopolysaccharide or ozone challenge, with median effective doses (ED50s) of 1.4 and 16 mg/kg respectively. Thus, danirixin would be expected to block chemotaxis in disease states in which neutrophils are increased in response to inflammation, such as pulmonary diseases. In comparison with navarixin, a CXCR2 antagonist from a different chemical class, the binding characterization of danirixin is distinct. These observations may offer insight into the previously observed clinical differences in induction of neutropenia between these compounds.
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Joshi T, Yan D, Hamed O, Tannheimer SL, Phillips GB, Wright CD, Kim M, Salmon M, Newton R, Giembycz MA. GS-5759, a Bifunctional β2-Adrenoceptor Agonist and Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with a Unique Mode of Action: Effects on Gene Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:324-340. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Caniga M, Cabal A, Mehta K, Ross DS, Gil MA, Woodhouse JD, Eckman J, Naber JR, Callahan MK, Goncalves L, Hill SE, Mcleod RL, McIntosh F, Freke MC, Visser SA, Johnson N, Salmon M, Cicmil M. Preclinical Experimental and Mathematical Approaches for Assessing Effective Doses of Inhaled Drugs, Using Mometasone to Support Human Dose Predictions. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2016; 29:362-77. [PMID: 26859446 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caniga
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Cabal
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Khamir Mehta
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - David S. Ross
- Center for Applied and Computational Mathematics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Malgorzata A. Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Janice D. Woodhouse
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Eckman
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - John R. Naber
- Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Marissa K. Callahan
- Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Luciano Goncalves
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan E. Hill
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Robbie L. Mcleod
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Fraser McIntosh
- Discovery Research Services Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark C. Freke
- Discovery Research Services Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra A.G. Visser
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil Johnson
- Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Salmon
- Department of Biology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Milenko Cicmil
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, and West Point, Pennsylvania
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Kedzuf S, Salmon M. Do Marine Turtles Use Odors to Locate Foraging Hotspots in the Open Ocean? Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2016. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1183.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Benam KH, Villenave R, Lucchesi C, Varone A, Hubeau C, Lee HH, Alves SE, Salmon M, Ferrante TC, Weaver JC, Bahinski A, Hamilton GA, Ingber DE. Small airway-on-a-chip enables analysis of human lung inflammation and drug responses in vitro. Nat Methods 2015; 13:151-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Reising M, Salmon M, Stapleton S. Hawksbill nest site selection affects hatchling survival at a rookery in Antigua, West Indies. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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29
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Salmon M, Higgins B, Stewart J, Wyneken J. The ontogeny of morphological defenses in Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles. J Morphol 2015; 276:929-40. [PMID: 26126953 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Marine turtles are large reptiles that compensate for high juvenile mortality by producing hundreds of hatchlings during a long reproductive lifespan. Most hatchlings are taken by predators during their migration to, and while resident in, the open ocean. Their survival depends upon crypticity, minimizing movement to avoid detection, and foraging efficiently to grow to a size too difficult for predators to either handle or swallow. While these behavioral antipredator tactics are known, changes in morphology accompanying growth may also improve survival prospects. These have been only superficially described in the literature. Here, we compare the similarities and differences in presumed morphological defenses of growing loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) posthatchlings, related species that differ in growth rate, timing of habitat shift (the return from oceanic to neritic locations), and size at maturity. In both species, vertebral spination and carapace widening increase disproportionally as small turtles grow, but later in ontogeny, the spines regress, sooner in ridley than in loggerhead turtles. Carapace widening occurs in both species but loggerheads are always longer than they are wide whereas in Kemp's ridley turtles, the carapace becomes as wide as long. Our analysis indicates that these changes are unrelated to when each species shifts habitat but are related to turtle size. We hypothesize that the spines function in small turtles as an early defense against gape-limited predators, but changes in body shape function throughout ontogeny-initially to make small turtles too wide to swallow and later by presenting an almost flat and hardened surface that large predators (such as a sharks) are unable to grasp. The extremely wide carapace of the Kemp's ridley may compensate for its smaller adult size (and presumed greater vulnerability) than the loggerhead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431
| | - Benjamin Higgins
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Galveston, Texas, 77551
| | - Joshua Stewart
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Galveston, Texas, 77551.,2116 NE 18th Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97212
| | - Jeanette Wyneken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431
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De Vuyst E, Giltaire S, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Chrétien A, Salmon M, Poumay Y. Les interkeukines-4, -13 et -25 induisent des altérations de barrière similaires à la dermatite atopique dans un épiderme humain reconstruit si celui-ci est préalablement activé. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schumacher J, Schumacher D, Salmon M, Diercke M, Czogiel I, Claus H, Gilsdorf A. Erfolgreiche Gesetzesänderung: Meldedaten werden vom Gesundheitsamt schneller an das Robert Koch-Institut übermittelt. Gesundheitswesen 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Salmon M, Reising M. Emergence Rhythms of Hatchling Marine Turtles: Is a Time Sense Involved? Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2014. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gil MA, Caniga M, Woodhouse JD, Eckman J, Lee HH, Salmon M, Naber J, Hamilton VT, Sevilla RS, Bettano K, Klappenbach J, Moy L, Correll CC, Gervais FG, Siliphaivanh P, Zhang W, Zhang-Hoover J, McLeod RL, Cicmil M. Anti-inflammatory actions of Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 by the antagonist MK-7246 in a novel rat model of Alternaria alternata elicited pulmonary inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 743:106-16. [PMID: 25261040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a fungal allergen linked to the development of severe asthma in humans. In view of the clinical relationship between A. alternata and asthma, we sought to investigate the allergic activity of this antigen after direct application to the lungs of Brown Norway rats. Here we demonstrate that a single intratracheal instillation of A. alternata induces dose and time dependent eosinophil influx, edema and Type 2 helper cell cytokine production in the lungs of BN rats. We established the temporal profile of eosinophilic infiltration and cytokine production, such as Interleukin-5 and Interleukin-13, following A. alternata challenge. These responses were comparable to Ovalbumin induced models of asthma and resulted in peak inflammatory responses 48h following a single challenge, eliminating the need for multiple sensitizations and challenges. The initial perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation preceded alveolar inflammation, progressing to a more sub-acute inflammatory response with notable epithelial cell hypertrophy. To limit the effects of an A. alternata inflammatory response, MK-7246 was utilized as it is an antagonist for Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed in Th2 cells. In a dose-dependent manner, MK-7246 decreased eosinophil influx and Th2 cytokine production following the A. alternata challenge. Furthermore, therapeutic administration of corticosteroids resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in eosinophil influx and Th2 cytokine production. Reproducible asthma-related outcomes and amenability to pharmacological intervention by mechanisms relevant to asthma demonstrate that an A. alternata induced pulmonary inflammation in BN rats is a valuable preclinical pharmacodynamic in vivo model for evaluating the pharmacological inhibitors of allergic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Gil
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Caniga
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Joseph Eckman
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Biology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Salmon
- Biology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Naber
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115 , USA
| | - Valerie T Hamilton
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Bettano
- Target & Pathway Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel Klappenbach
- Target & Pathway Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lily Moy
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig C Correll
- Biology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francois G Gervais
- Target & Pathway Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Weisheng Zhang
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jie Zhang-Hoover
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robbie L McLeod
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Milenko Cicmil
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Salmon M, Tannheimer SL, Gentzler TT, Cui ZH, Sorensen EA, Hartsough KC, Kim M, Purvis LJ, Barrett EG, McDonald JD, Rudolph K, Doyle-Eisele M, Kuehl PJ, Royer CM, Baker WR, Phillips GB, Wright CD. The in vivo efficacy and side effect pharmacology of GS-5759, a novel bifunctional phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and long-acting β 2-adrenoceptor agonist in preclinical animal species. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00046. [PMID: 25505595 PMCID: PMC4186437 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators are a central therapy for symptom relief in respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, with inhaled β 2-adrenoceptor agonists and anticholinergics being the primary treatments available. The present studies evaluated the in vivo pharmacology of (R)-6-[[3-[[4-[5-[[2-Hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino]pent-1-ynyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-4-[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-8-methylquinoline-3-carboxamide (GS-5759), a novel bifunctional compound with both phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and long-acting β 2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) activity, which has been optimized for inhalation delivery. GS-5759 dose-dependently inhibited pulmonary neutrophilia in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aerosol challenge model of inflammation in rats with an ED50 ≤ 10 μg/kg. GS-5759 was also a potent bronchodilator with an ED50 of 0.09 μg/kg in guinea pigs and 3.4 μg/kg in dogs after methylcholine (MCh) and ragweed challenges respectively. In cynomolgus monkeys, GS-5759 was dosed as a fine-particle dry powder and was efficacious in the same dose range in both MCh and LPS challenge models, with an ED50 = 70 μg/kg for bronchodilation and ED50 = 4.9 μg/kg for inhibition of LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophilia. In models to determine therapeutic index (T.I.), efficacy for bronchodilation was evaluated against increased heart rate and GS-5759 had a T.I. of 700 in guinea pigs and >31 in dogs. In a ferret model of emesis, no emesis was seen at doses several orders of magnitude greater than the ED50 observed in the rat LPS inflammation model. GS-5759 is a bifunctional molecule developed for the treatment of COPD, which has both bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for combination as a triple therapy with a second compound, within a single inhalation device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salmon
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102 ; Merck Research Laboratories 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Stacey L Tannheimer
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Terry T Gentzler
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Zhi-Hua Cui
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Eric A Sorensen
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Kimberly C Hartsough
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Musong Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Lafe J Purvis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Edward G Barrett
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Karin Rudolph
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Melanie Doyle-Eisele
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Philip J Kuehl
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Christopher M Royer
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - William R Baker
- Medicinal Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Gary B Phillips
- Medicinal Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
| | - Clifford D Wright
- Oncology/Inflammation Research, Gilead Sciences Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington, 98102
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Tannheimer SL, Sorensen EA, Cui ZH, Kim M, Patel L, Baker WR, Phillips GB, Wright CD, Salmon M. The In Vitro Pharmacology of GS-5759, A Novel Bifunctional Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor and Long Acting β2-Adrenoceptor Agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:85-93. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Mogilevkina I, Jani P, Aboutanos M, Bedada A, Ajuzieogu O, Nasir A, Muchemwa F, Bekele A, Holmer H, Ddungu R, Singh K, Ingabire J, Swaroop M, Ogundele J, Ajiko M, Bush C, Ajuzieogu O, Malemo K, Pemberton J, Livingston M, Nagengast E, Skelton T, Nsereko E, Razek T, Hackenberg B, Twagirumugabe T, Elobu A, Ajuzieogu O, Allen Ingabire JC, Wandwi W, Mwizerwa O, Abdur-Rahman L, Makama J, Ademola S, Ogundele J, Abdur-Rahman L, Lymburner E, Esau D, Bos C, Bos C, Rothstein D, Nikolaou S, Rajkumar S, Westerholm J, Culp A, Baison G, Ong C, Knapp G, Klimovytskyiy F, Prudnikov Y, Jayaraman S, Mata L, Mora F, Ordóñez C, Pino L, Quiodettis M, Morales. C, Hsiao M, Bakanisi B, Motsumi J, Azzie. G, Achi J, Amucheazi A, Ikeani. C, Abdur-Rahman L, Oyedepo O, Arowona L, Alonge D, Rufai Z, Adeniran J, Abraham M, Olatinwo. A, Tadesse A, Gillies R, Meara J, Liljestrand J, Oyerinde K, Hagander. L, Namuddu R, Nakonde I, Mukasa. R, Marbaniang D, Byiringiro J, Calland J, Petrose R, Jayaraman S, Ntakiyiruta. G, Schuetz S, Iss N, Laguna M, Shapiro M, Gallardo. J, Ifesanya A, Riviello E, Irakiza J, Mvukiyehe J, Maine R, Kim W, Manirakiza F, Reshamwalla S, Mwumvaneza T, Kymanaywa P, Ntakiyiruta G, Kiviri W, Finlayson S, Berry W, Twagirumugabe. T, Amucheazi A, Achi J, Ezike H, Salmon M, Salmon C, Mutendi M, Reynolds. T, Frankfurter C, Cameron B, Poenaru D, D’Cruz J, Pemberton J, Ozgediz D, Poenaru. D, Caterson E, Magee W, Hatcher K, Ramos M, Campbell. A, Nshimyumuremyi I, Livingston P, Zolpys L, Mukwesi C, Uwineza. B, Evans. F, Marquis C, Linois-Davidson C, Ramos M, Campbell A, Resch S, Finlayson S, Howaldt H, Caterson. E, Irakiza J, Mvukiyehe J, Maine R, Bush C, Riviello E, Kim W, Manirakiza F, Reshamwalla S, Mwumvaneza T, Kymanaywa P, Ntakiyiruta G, Kiviri W, Finlayson S, Berry. W, Amucheazi A, Achi J, Ikeani. C, Ssebufu R, Kyamanywa P, Bayisenga J, Bikoroti J, Mazimpaka. D, Mpoki U, Muleshe S, Zwane. S, Calland J, Byiringiro J, Ntakiyiruta. G, Nasir A, Adeniran J, Bamigbola K, Irribhogbe P, Ameh. E, Olawoye O, Iyun A, Micheal A, Oluwatosin. O, Adebayo R, Abdulraheem N, Nasir A, Adeniran. J, Cameron B, Ho P, Blair G, Duffy D, O’Hara N, Ajiko M, Kapoor. V, Westerholm. J, Westerholm. J, Baron E, Herard P, Lassalle X, Teicher. C, Maraka J, Asige E, Owori F, Obaikol. R, Maine R, Nsengiyumva E, Ntakiyiruta G, Mubiligi J, Riviello R, Havugimana. J, Chavarri A, Meara J, Pyda J, Shulman L, Damuse R, Pierre. J, Hoogerboord M, Ernest A, Gesase. A. Abstracts of the 13th Bethune Round Table Conference on International Surgery. May 10-11, 2013. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Can J Surg 2013; 56:S44-52. [PMID: 23883512 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.015713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Salmon M, Luttmann MA, Foley JJ, Buckley PT, Schmidt DB, Burman M, Webb EF, DeHaas CJ, Kotzer CJ, Barrett VJ, Slack RJ, Sarau HM, Palovich MR, Lainé DI, Hay DWP, Rumsey WL. Pharmacological Characterization of GSK573719 (Umeclidinium): A Novel, Long-Acting, Inhaled Antagonist of the Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors for Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:260-70. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.202051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Jin Q, Davis RS, Bullion AM, Jin J, Wang Y, Widdowson KL, Palovich MR, Foley JJ, Schmidt DB, Buckley PT, Webb EF, Salmon M, Belmonte KE, Sarau HM, Busch-Petersen J. Tyrosine urea muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists: achiral quaternary ammonium groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7087-91. [PMID: 23099092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine ureas had been identified as potent muscarinic receptor antagonists with promising in vivo activity. Controlling the stereochemistry of the chiral quaternary ammonium center had proved to be a serious issue for this series, however. Herein we describe the preparation and SAR of tyrosine urea antagonists containing achiral quaternary ammonium centers. The most successful such moiety was the 2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-7-ium group which yielded highly potent antagonists with long duration of action in an inhaled animal model of bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA
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Lainé DI, Yan H, Xie H, Davis RS, Dufour J, Widdowson KL, Palovich MR, Wan Z, Foley JJ, Schmidt DB, Hunsberger GE, Burman M, Bacon AM, Webb EF, Luttmann MA, Salmon M, Sarau HM, Umbrecht ST, Landis PS, Peck BJ, Busch-Petersen J. Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationship of N-substituted tropane muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3366-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tannheimer SL, Wright CD, Salmon M. Combination of roflumilast with a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist inhibits proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator release from human lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2012; 13:28. [PMID: 22452977 PMCID: PMC3342220 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small airway narrowing is an important pathology which impacts lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts contribute to inflammation, remodeling and fibrosis by production and release of mediators such as cytokines, profibrotic factors and extracellular matrix proteins. This study investigated the effects of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast, combined with the long acting β2 adrenergic agonist indacaterol, both approved therapeutics for COPD, on fibroblast functions that contribute to inflammation and airway fibrosis. Methods The effects of roflumilast and indacaterol treatment were characterized on transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-treated normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). NHLF were evaluated for expression of the profibrotic mediators endothelin-1 (ET-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), expression of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin (FN) secretion. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was used to induce secretion of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from NHLF and drug inhibition was assessed. Results Evaluation of roflumilast (1-10 μM) showed no significant inhibition alone on TGFβ1-induced ET-1 and CTGF mRNA transcripts, ET-1 and FN protein production, alpha smooth muscle expression, or TNF-α-induced secretion of CXCL10, CCL5 and GM-CSF. A concentration-dependent inhibition of ET-1 and CTGF was shown with indacaterol treatment, and a submaximal concentration was chosen for combination studies. When indacaterol (0.1 nM) was added to roflumilast, significant inhibition was seen on all inflammatory and fibrotic mediators evaluated, which was superior to the inhibition seen with either drug alone. Roflumilast plus indacaterol combination treatment resulted in significantly elevated phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), an effect that was protein kinase A-dependent. Inhibition of protein kinase A was also found to reverse the inhibition of indacaterol and roflumilast on CTGF. Conclusions These results demonstrate that addition of roflumilast to a LABA inhibits primary fibroblast/myofibroblast function and therapeutically this may impact lung fibroblast proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator release which contributes to small airway remodeling and airway obstruction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Tannheimer
- Respiratory Research, Gilead Sciences, 199 East Blaine St, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Salmon M, Carthy RR, Lohmann CMF, Lohmann KJ, Wyneken J. Collecting a sample of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings before a natural emergence does not reduce nest productivity. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Jones PD, Lister DH, Osborn TJ, Harpham C, Salmon M, Morice CP. Hemispheric and large-scale land-surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Marine turtles are visual animals, yet we know remarkably little about how they use this sensory capacity. In this study, our purpose was to determine whether loggerhead turtles could discriminate between objects on the basis of color. We used light-adapted hatchlings to determine the minimum intensity of blue (450 nm), green (500 nm), and yellow (580 nm) visual stimuli that evoked a positive phototaxis (the phototaxis "threshold" [pt]). Juvenile turtles were later trained to associate each color (presented at 1 log unit above that color's pt) with food, then to discriminate between two colors (the original rewarded stimulus plus one of the other colors, not rewarded) when both were presented at 1 log unit above their pt. In the crucial test, turtles were trained to choose between the rewarded and unrewarded color when the colors varied in intensity. All turtles learned that task, demonstrating color discrimination. An association between blue and food was acquired in fewer trials than between yellow and food, perhaps because some prey of juvenile loggerheads in oceanic surface waters (jellyfishes, polyps, and pelagic gastropods) are blue or violet in color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, 33431, USA
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Tannheimer SL, Sorensen EA, Haran AC, Mansfield CN, Wright CD, Salmon M. Additive anti-inflammatory effects of beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists or glucocorticosteroid with roflumilast in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 25:178-84. [PMID: 22306235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor (PDE4i) roflumilast has been approved in the US and EU for treatment of GOLD stage 3 and 4 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhaled β2 adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids are also used as standard of care in COPD. We investigated the anti-inflammatory interaction of roflumilast in combination with long-acting β2 agonists (LABA), salmeterol or formoterol, or a glucocorticosteroid, dexamethasone, on cytokine production from LPS-stimulated human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Salmeterol or formoterol caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) secretion with an IC50 of 0.33 pM (C.I. 0.006-19) and 34 pM (C.I. 13-87), respectively. When roflumilast was evaluated, the addition of salmeterol (1 nM) to roflumilast caused the IC50 for roflumilast to shift from 1.8 nM (C.I. 0.8-4) to 4.1 pM (C.I.0.3-69) (p < 0.01), and maximal inhibition increased from 72.5 ± 3.2% to 90.9 ± 3.1%. Addition of formoterol to roflumilast also produced an increased TNFα inhibition more than either drug alone (p < 0.05). The inhibition of TNFα production with salmeterol was both β2 adrenoceptor- and protein kinase A-dependent. Addition of roflumilast (10 nM) in the presence of dexamethasone increased the inhibition of LPS-induced TNFα and CCL3. Roflumilast in combination with salmeterol, formoterol, or dexamethasone increased the inhibition of LPS-induced TNFα from human PBMC, in an additive manner. Addition of roflumilast to either a β2 adrenoceptor agonist or a glucocorticosteroid may provide superior anti-inflammatory activity and greater efficacy in COPD patients and be dose sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Tannheimer
- Respiratory Research, Gilead Sciences Inc., 199 East Blaine St., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Whitehead K, Smith C, Delaney S, Curnow S, Salmon M, Hughes J, Chessell I. 107 NEURONE‐GLIA SIGNALLING UNDERLIES SPINAL PRO‐INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE EVOKED BY PRIMARY AFFERENT STIMULATION IN THE NEUROPATHIC RAT. Eur J Pain 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C.G.S. Smith
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S.A. Delaney
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S.J. Curnow
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M. Salmon
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J.P. Hughes
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - I.P. Chessell
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Harlow, United Kingdom
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Hidalgo E, Essex SJ, Yeo L, Curnow SJ, Filer A, Cooper MS, Thomas AM, McGettrick HM, Salmon M, Buckley CD, Raza K, Scheel-Toellner D. The response of T cells to interleukin-6 is differentially regulated by the microenvironment of the rheumatoid synovial fluid and tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:3284-93. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Mott CR, Salmon M. Sun Compass Orientation by Juvenile Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2011. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0888.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lewis F, Mettey A, Anschuetz G, Asbel L, De Los Reyes A, Salmon M. P1-S2.66 Risk assessment in a large cohort of urban public high school students infected with CT or GC: Philadelphia, 2009-2010. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yeo L, Schmutz C, Toellner K, Salmon M, Filer AD, Buckley C, Raza K, Scheel-Toellner D. Cytokine mRNA profiling identifies B cells as a major source of RANKL in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149005.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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