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Choma M, Tahovská K, Kaštovská E, Bárta J, Růžek M, Oulehle F. Bacteria but not fungi respond to soil acidification rapidly and consistently in both a spruce and beech forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5894924. [PMID: 32815987 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenically enhanced atmospheric sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition has acidified and eutrophied forest ecosystems worldwide. However, both S and N mechanisms have an impact on microbial communities and the consequences for microbially driven soil functioning differ. We conducted a two-forest stand (Norway spruce and European beech) field experiment involving acidification (sulphuric acid addition) and N (ammonium nitrate) loading and their combination. For 4 years, we monitored separate responses of soil microbial communities to the treatments and investigated the relationship to changes in the activity of extracellular enzymes. We observed that acidification selected for acidotolerant and oligotrophic taxa of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased bacterial community richness and diversity in both stands in parallel, disregarding their original dissimilarities in soil chemistry and composition of microbial communities. The shifts in bacterial community influenced the stoichiometry and magnitude of enzymatic activity. The bacterial response to experimental N addition was much weaker, likely due to historically enhanced N availability. Fungi were not influenced by any treatment during 4-year manipulation. We suggest that in the onset of acidification when fungi remain irresponsive, bacterial reaction might govern the changes in soil enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Choma
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kaštovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžek
- Czech Geological Survey, Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Geologická 6, Prague 5, 152 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Geologická 6, Prague 5, 152 00, Czech Republic
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Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Chuman T, Evans CD, Hruška J, Růžek M, Bárta J. Comparison of the impacts of acid and nitrogen additions on carbon fluxes in European conifer and broadleaf forests. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:884-893. [PMID: 29631233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive nitrogen (N) loadings to terrestrial ecosystems are believed to have positive effects on ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. Global "hot spots" of N deposition are often associated with currently or formerly high deposition of sulphur (S); C fluxes in these regions might therefore not be responding solely to N loading, and could be undergoing transient change as S inputs change. In a four-year, two-forest stand (mature Norway spruce and European beech) replicated field experiment involving acidity manipulation (sulphuric acid addition), N addition (NH4NO3) and combined treatments, we tested the extent to which altered soil solution acidity or/and soil N availability affected the concentration of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil respiration (Rs), microbial community characteristics (respiration, biomass, fungi and bacteria abundances) and enzyme activity. We demonstrated a large and consistent suppression of soil water DOC concentration driven by chemical changes associated with increased hydrogen ion concentrations under acid treatments, independent of forest type. Soil respiration was suppressed by sulphuric acid addition in the spruce forest, accompanied by reduced microbial biomass, increased fungal:bacterial ratios and increased C to N enzyme ratios. We did not observe equivalent effects of sulphuric acid treatments on Rs in the beech forest, where microbial activity appeared to be more tightly linked to N acquisition. The only changes in C cycling following N addition were increased C to N enzyme ratios, with no impact on C fluxes (either Rs or DOC). We conclude that C accumulation previously attributed solely to N deposition could be partly attributable to their simultaneous acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chuman
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chris D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environmental Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžek
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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