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Ruka E, Lesur O, Gingras M, Buruian M, Voisine É, Marzouk M, Dagenais F, Voisine P. Relationship Between the Degree of Carotid Stenosis and the Risk of Stroke in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:347-354. [PMID: 34808321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of carotid stenosis (CS) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between carotid stenosis and stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass between January 2006 and March 2018 at the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute. Data of patients' preoperative demographic characteristics, operative and postoperative variables were taken from a computerized database and patients' charts. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 20,241 patients were included in the study. Among those who had received preoperative carotid ultrasound, 516 (2.6% of the total population) had unilateral or bilateral CS ≥50%. Categorized levels of carotid stenosis severity were identified as independent risk factors for post-operative stroke and/or transient ischemic attack occurrence. There was an almost three-fold increased risk of post-operative neurologic events in 80-99% CS vs. less severe 50-79% CS [OR 2.91; IC95% (1.30-6.54)] suggesting that the degree of severity of CS is potentially a strong independent predictor of post-operative neurologic events. CONCLUSIONS CS is an independent risk factor of post-operative stroke and/or TIA. This study suggests for the first time that the risk of stroke increases with the degree of severity of CS, with the greatest risk being for CS between 80-99%. The strength of this relationship and potential causality effect should be further explored in a prospective study focusing on this most at risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Ruka
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - François Dagenais
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Voisine
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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Jacques F, Gingras M, Lafrenière-Bessi V, Perron J, Dagenais F. Large Intramural Aortic Hematoma with Intimal Tear. Aorta (Stamford) 2020; 8:118-120. [PMID: 33167042 PMCID: PMC7732563 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old man presented with excruciating epigastric pain. A chest computed tomography angiography revealed an aortic intramural hematoma. A filling defect within the distal ascending aorta was noted. Images of an intramular hematoma and surgical details of an ascending aortic replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jacques
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-IUCPQ, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Gingras
- Departments of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-IUCPQ, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Lafrenière-Bessi
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-IUCPQ, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Perron
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-IUCPQ, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - François Dagenais
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-IUCPQ, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Bussières JS, Lacasse Y, Gingras M, Couture ÉJ, Somma J. In reply: Effect of respiratory changes in tracheal length on computed tomographic study of bronchial anatomy. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:266-267. [PMID: 31664689 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean S Bussières
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Yves Lacasse
- Multidisciplinary Department of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Gingras
- Department of Radiology, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne J Couture
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Somma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Huang P, Lin CT, Li Y, Tammemagi MC, Brock MV, Atkar-Khattra S, Xu Y, Hu P, Mayo JR, Schmidt H, Gingras M, Pasian S, Stewart L, Tsai S, Seely JM, Manos D, Burrowes P, Bhatia R, Tsao MS, Lam S. Prediction of lung cancer risk at follow-up screening with low-dose CT: a training and validation study of a deep learning method. Lancet Digit Health 2019; 1:e353-e362. [PMID: 32864596 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(19)30159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Current lung cancer screening guidelines use mean diameter, volume or density of the largest lung nodule in the prior computed tomography (CT) or appearance of new nodule to determine the timing of the next CT. We aimed at developing a more accurate screening protocol by estimating the 3-year lung cancer risk after two screening CTs using deep machine learning (ML) of radiologist CT reading and other universally available clinical information. Methods A deep machine learning (ML) algorithm was developed from 25,097 participants who had received at least two CT screenings up to two years apart in the National Lung Screening Trial. Double-blinded validation was performed using 2,294 participants from the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study (PanCan). Performance of ML score to inform lung cancer incidence was compared with Lung-RADS and volume doubling time using time-dependent ROC analysis. Exploratory analysis was performed to identify individuals with aggressive cancers and higher mortality rates. Findings In the PanCan validation cohort, ML showed excellent discrimination with a 1-, 2- and 3-year time-dependent AUC values for cancer diagnosis of 0·968±0·013, 0·946±0·013 and 0·899±0·017. Although high ML score cohort included only 10% of the PanCan sample, it identified 94%, 85%, and 71% of incident and interval lung cancers diagnosed within 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, after the second screening CT. Furthermore, individuals with high ML score had significantly higher mortality rates (HR=16·07, p<0·001) compared to those with lower risk. Interpretation ML tool that recognizes patterns in both temporal and spatial changes as well as synergy among changes in nodule and non-nodule features may be used to accurately guide clinical management after the next scheduled repeat screening CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Cheng T Lin
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Yuliang Li
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin C Tammemagi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Canada
| | - John R Mayo
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heidi Schmidt
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Gingras
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et, de pneumologie de Québec, Canada
| | - Sergio Pasian
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et, de pneumologie de Québec, Canada
| | - Lori Stewart
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean M Seely
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paul Burrowes
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- University of British Columbia-British Columbia Cancer Agency and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Tammemagi M, Ritchie AJ, Atkar-Khattra S, Dougherty B, Sanghera C, Mayo JR, Yuan R, Manos D, McWilliams AM, Schmidt H, Gingras M, Pasian S, Stewart L, Tsai S, Seely JM, Burrowes P, Bhatia R, Haider EA, Boylan C, Jacobs C, van Ginneken B, Tsao MS, Lam S. Predicting Malignancy Risk of Screen-Detected Lung Nodules-Mean Diameter or Volume. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:203-211. [PMID: 30368011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In lung cancer screening practice low-dose computed tomography, diameter, and volumetric measurement have been used in the management of screen-detected lung nodules. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of nodule malignancy risk prediction tools using diameter or volume and between computer-aided detection (CAD) and radiologist measurements. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression models were prepared by using data from two multicenter lung cancer screening trials. For model development and validation, baseline low-dose computed tomography scans from the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study and a subset of National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) scans with lung nodules 3 mm or more in mean diameter were analyzed by using the CIRRUS Lung Screening Workstation (Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands). In the NLST sample, nodules with cancer had been matched on the basis of size to nodules without cancer. RESULTS Both CAD-based mean diameter and volume models showed excellent discrimination and calibration, with similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.947. The two CAD models had predictive performance similar to that of the radiologist-based model. In the NLST validation data, the CAD mean diameter and volume models also demonstrated excellent discrimination: areas under the curve of 0.810 and 0.821, respectively. These performance statistics are similar to those of the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study malignancy probability model with use of these data and radiologist-measured maximum diameter. CONCLUSION Either CAD-based nodule diameter or volume can be used to assist in predicting a nodule's malignancy risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tammemagi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex J Ritchie
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Calvin Sanghera
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John R Mayo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ren Yuan
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Annette M McWilliams
- Fiona Stanley Hospital and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heidi Schmidt
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Gingras
- University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Pasian
- University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lori Stewart
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean M Seely
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Burrowes
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rick Bhatia
- Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Ehsan A Haider
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colm Boylan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Jacobs
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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6
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Tammemagi MC, Schmidt H, Martel S, McWilliams A, Goffin JR, Johnston MR, Nicholas G, Tremblay A, Bhatia R, Liu G, Soghrati K, Yasufuku K, Hwang DM, Laberge F, Gingras M, Pasian S, Couture C, Mayo JR, Nasute Fauerbach PV, Atkar-Khattra S, Peacock SJ, Cressman S, Ionescu D, English JC, Finley RJ, Yee J, Puksa S, Stewart L, Tsai S, Haider E, Boylan C, Cutz JC, Manos D, Xu Z, Goss GD, Seely JM, Amjadi K, Sekhon HS, Burrowes P, MacEachern P, Urbanski S, Sin DD, Tan WC, Leighl NB, Shepherd FA, Evans WK, Tsao MS, Lam S. Participant selection for lung cancer screening by risk modelling (the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer [PanCan] study): a single-arm, prospective study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:1523-1531. [PMID: 29055736 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from retrospective studies indicate that selecting individuals for low-dose CT lung cancer screening on the basis of a highly predictive risk model is superior to using criteria similar to those used in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST; age, pack-year, and smoking quit-time). We designed the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer (PanCan) study to assess the efficacy of a risk prediction model to select candidates for lung cancer screening, with the aim of determining whether this approach could better detect patients with early, potentially curable, lung cancer. METHODS We did this single-arm, prospective study in eight centres across Canada. We recruited participants aged 50-75 years, who had smoked at some point in their life (ever-smokers), and who did not have a self-reported history of lung cancer. Participants had at least a 2% 6-year risk of lung cancer as estimated by the PanCan model, a precursor to the validated PLCOm2012 model. Risk variables in the model were age, smoking duration, pack-years, family history of lung cancer, education level, body-mass index, chest x-ray in the past 3 years, and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Individuals were screened with low-dose CT at baseline (T0), and at 1 (T1) and 4 (T4) years post-baseline. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of lung cancer. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00751660. FINDINGS 7059 queries came into the study coordinating centre and were screened for PanCan risk. 15 were duplicates, so 7044 participants were considered for enrolment. Between Sept 24, 2008, and Dec 17, 2010, we recruited and enrolled 2537 eligible ever-smokers. After a median follow-up of 5·5 years (IQR 3·2-6·1), 172 lung cancers were diagnosed in 164 individuals (cumulative incidence 0·065 [95% CI 0·055-0·075], incidence rate 138·1 per 10 000 person-years [117·8-160·9]). There were ten interval lung cancers (6% of lung cancers and 6% of individuals with cancer): one diagnosed between T0 and T1, and nine between T1 and T4. Cumulative incidence was significantly higher than that observed in NLST (4·0%; p<0·0001). Compared with 593 (57%) of 1040 lung cancers observed in NLST, 133 (77%) of 172 lung cancers in the PanCan Study were early stage (I or II; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION The PanCan model was effective in identifying individuals who were subsequently diagnosed with early, potentially curable, lung cancer. The incidence of cancers detected and the proportion of early stage cancers in the screened population was higher than observed in previous studies. This approach should be considered for adoption in lung cancer screening programmes. FUNDING Terry Fox Research Institute and Canadian Partnership Against Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Tammemagi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Simon Martel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Annette McWilliams
- Fionna Stanley Hospital and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Rick Bhatia
- Memorial University, Newfoundland, NL, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Francis Laberge
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Gingras
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Pasian
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - John R Mayo
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Diana Ionescu
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - John Yee
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Serge Puksa
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott Tsai
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Colm Boylan
- St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Zhaolin Xu
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jean M Seely
- Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Don D Sin
- St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan C Tan
- St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Lam
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Ritchie AJ, Sanghera C, Jacobs C, Zhang W, Mayo J, Schmidt H, Gingras M, Pasian S, Stewart L, Tsai S, Manos D, Seely JM, Burrowes P, Bhatia R, Atkar-Khattra S, van Ginneken B, Tammemagi M, Tsao MS, Lam S. Computer Vision Tool and Technician as First Reader of Lung Cancer Screening CT Scans. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:709-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Leung JM, Mayo J, Tan W, Tammemagi CM, Liu G, Peacock S, Shepherd FA, Goffin J, Goss G, Nicholas G, Tremblay A, Johnston M, Martel S, Laberge F, Bhatia R, Roberts H, Burrowes P, Manos D, Stewart L, Seely JM, Gingras M, Pasian S, Tsao MS, Lam S, Sin DD. Plasma pro-surfactant protein B and lung function decline in smokers. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1037-45. [PMID: 25614175 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) levels have recently been shown to predict the development of lung cancer in current and ex-smokers, but the ability of pro-SFTPB to predict measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity is unknown. We evaluated the performance characteristics of pro-SFTPB as a biomarker of lung function decline in a population of current and ex-smokers. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2503 current and ex-smokers enrolled in the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship of pro-SFTPB levels to changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over a 2-year period as well as to baseline FEV1 and the burden of emphysema observed in computed tomography (CT) scans. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were inversely related to both FEV1 % predicted (p=0.024) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.001), and were positively related to the burden of emphysema on CT scans (p<0.001). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels were also associated with a more rapid decline in FEV1 at 1 year (p=0.024) and over 2 years of follow-up (p=0.004). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels are associated with increased severity of airflow limitation and accelerated decline in lung function. Pro-SFTPB is a promising biomarker for COPD severity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Mayo
- Dept of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan Tan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Martin Tammemagi
- Dept of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart Peacock
- The Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada The British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Goffin
- The Juravinsky Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Alain Tremblay
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Simon Martel
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Laberge
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Roberts
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Burrowes
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Stewart
- Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michel Gingras
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Pasian
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada The British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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McWilliams A, Tammemagi MC, Mayo JR, Roberts H, Liu G, Soghrati K, Yasufuku K, Martel S, Laberge F, Gingras M, Atkar-Khattra S, Berg CD, Evans K, Finley R, Yee J, English J, Nasute P, Goffin J, Puksa S, Stewart L, Tsai S, Johnston MR, Manos D, Nicholas G, Goss GD, Seely JM, Amjadi K, Tremblay A, Burrowes P, MacEachern P, Bhatia R, Tsao MS, Lam S. Probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules detected on first screening CT. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:910-9. [PMID: 24004118 PMCID: PMC3951177 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1214726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major issues in the implementation of screening for lung cancer by means of low-dose computed tomography (CT) are the definition of a positive result and the management of lung nodules detected on the scans. We conducted a population-based prospective study to determine factors predicting the probability that lung nodules detected on the first screening low-dose CT scans are malignant or will be found to be malignant on follow-up. METHODS We analyzed data from two cohorts of participants undergoing low-dose CT screening. The development data set included participants in the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study (PanCan). The validation data set included participants involved in chemoprevention trials at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), sponsored by the U.S. National Cancer Institute. The final outcomes of all nodules of any size that were detected on baseline low-dose CT scans were tracked. Parsimonious and fuller multivariable logistic-regression models were prepared to estimate the probability of lung cancer. RESULTS In the PanCan data set, 1871 persons had 7008 nodules, of which 102 were malignant, and in the BCCA data set, 1090 persons had 5021 nodules, of which 42 were malignant. Among persons with nodules, the rates of cancer in the two data sets were 5.5% and 3.7%, respectively. Predictors of cancer in the model included older age, female sex, family history of lung cancer, emphysema, larger nodule size, location of the nodule in the upper lobe, part-solid nodule type, lower nodule count, and spiculation. Our final parsimonious and full models showed excellent discrimination and calibration, with areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of more than 0.90, even for nodules that were 10 mm or smaller in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS Predictive tools based on patient and nodule characteristics can be used to accurately estimate the probability that lung nodules detected on baseline screening low-dose CT scans are malignant. (Funded by the Terry Fox Research Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00751660.).
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Urena M, Nombela-Franco L, Doyle D, De Larochellière R, Dumont E, Villeneuve J, Pasian SM, Gingras M, Mok M, Rodés-Cabau J. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the treatment of surgical valve dysfunction ("valve-in-valve"): assessing the risk of coronary obstruction. J Card Surg 2012; 27:682-5. [PMID: 23016913 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute coronary obstruction is one of the most feared complications associated with transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation. Strategies for assessing the risk of coronary occlusion during these procedures as well as preventive measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Urena
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
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Mokrani B, Champagne J, Sarrazin J, Philippon F, O'Hara G, Gingras M, Zannad N, Blier L, Molin F, Naults I. 584 Silent cerebral thromboembolic lesions on MRI following atrial fibrillation ablation with different technologies. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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12
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Willard MA, Gingras M, Lee MJ, Harris VG, Laughlin DE, Mchenry ME. Magnetic Properties of Hitperm (Fe,Co)88Zr7B4Cu1 Nanocrystalline Magnets (Invited). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-577-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAlloys consisting of Fe-Co-M-B-Cu (with M = Zr, Hf, Nb), called HITPERM alloys, have been developed. Synchrotron X-radiation studies have been used to show that the ferromagnetic phase in an equiatomic FeCo-based alloy is the α'-FeCo phase. Since both the α'-FeCo phase and the FeCo-based amorphous phase of the nanocrystalline alloy have high Curie temperatures, a high magnetization persists up to the α -> γ structural phase transformation temperature of 980°C. Room temperature AC permeability measurements have shown that the alloys maintain a high permeability of ∼2000 up to a frequency of 20 kHz. The room temperature core loss has also been shown to be competitive with commercial high temperature magnetic alloys with a value of 1 W/g at Bs = 10 kG andf= 10 kHz. Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data is consistent with a two-phase mixture of nanocrystalline body centered cubic derivative FeCo structure and an amorphous Zr-rich phase. A differential scanning calorimetry study of the primary crystallization reaction shows an activation energy of 323.3 kJ/mol. As a preliminary study of phase and grain stability, broadening of X-ray diffraction peaks indicates little grain growth after annealing at 600 °C for 3072 hours.
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13
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Gingras M, Laberge MH, Lefebvre M. Evaluation of the Usefulness of An Oxycodone Immunoassay in Combination with a Traditional Opiate Immunoassay for the Screening of Opiates in Urine. J Anal Toxicol 2010; 34:78-83. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/34.2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Zhou G, Liu S, Gingras M, Li M, Catania R, Fisher W, Gibbs R, Brunicardi F. 182. Regulation of PDX-1 Stability via Ubiquitination is Dependent Upon the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Status of Human Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 5 (SSTR5). J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Gagnon V, Gingras M, Germain L, Durham HD, Berthod F. In vitro interactions between sensory nerves, epidermis, hair follicles and capillaries in a tissue-engineered reconstructed skin. Exp Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.212bf.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Vedejs E, Bennett NS, Conn LM, Diver ST, Gingras M, Lin S, Oliver PA, Peterson MJ. Tributylphosphine-catalyzed acylations of alcohols: scope and related reactions. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00077a064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the long-term effects on muscle strength and side effects with deflazacort in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). STUDY DESIGN Boys with DMD between the ages of 7 and 15 years were reviewed retrospectively; 30 had been treated with deflazacort, and 24 had not. Muscle function, pulmonary function, and side effects were compared. RESULTS The boys not treated with deflazacort stopped walking at 9.8 +/-1.8 years. Seven of 30 treated boys had stopped walking at 12.3+/-2.7 years (P<.05), and of the 23 boys who were still walking, 21 were older than 10 years. Pulmonary function (percent predicted functional vital capacity) was significantly greater in treated boys at 15 years (88% +/- 18%) than in boys not treated (39%+/-20%) (P<.001). Between 9 and 15 years, treated boys were shorter. Between 9 and 13 years, treated boys weighed less. After 13 years the treated boys maintained their weight, whereas boys not treated lost weight. Asymptomatic cataracts developed in 10 of 30 boys who received deflazacort. Other potential side effects of deflazacort such as hypertension, glucosuria, acne, infection, or bruising were not more common. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that deflazacort can preserve gross motor and pulmonary function in boys with DMD with limited side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Biggar
- Bloorview MacMillan Centre and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked devastating disease due to the lack of expression of a functional dystrophin. Unfortunately, the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model does not present clinical signs of dystrophy before the age of 18 months, and the role of dystrophin in fiber integrity is not fully understood. The fragility of the skeletal muscle fibers was investigated in transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase under the control of a muscle specific promoter. Adult mdx/beta-galactosidase (dystrophin-negative) and normal/beta-galactosidase (dystrophin-positive) mice were submitted to one short session of eccentric, downhill running exercise. The leakage of muscle enzymes creatine kinase and beta-galactosidase was investigated before, 1 h after, and 3 days after the running session. A significant and transient rise in the level of these enzymes was noted in the serum of mdx mice following the exercise session. Thus, the lack of dystrophin in the mdx model led to local microdamages to the exercised muscle allowing leakage of proteins from the fibers. The peak leakage was transient, suggesting that muscle fiber lesions were rapidly repaired following this short, noninvasive eccentric running session.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Vilquin
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Université Laval and Hopital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
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19
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Abstract
Various combinations of monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte cell surface antigens and a recombinant molecule (CTLA4-Ig) were used to immunosuppress mice after transplantation of MHC-incompatible myoblasts. To assess the effectiveness of the immunosuppression, the donor myoblasts were obtained from a transgenic mouse (TnI LacZ1/29) containing a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene under the control of a muscle-specific promoter. No muscle fibers expressing beta-gal were observed 1 month after the myoblast transplantation, when the animals were not immunosuppressed or were treated with CTLA4-Ig alone. Approximately 50% of the muscle fibers expressed the beta-gal reporter gene 1 month after transplantation in mice treated with CTLA4-Ig combined with an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody and in mice treated with a combination of anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. The percentage of beta-gal-labeled muscle fibers increased to 94% when this combination of the three monoclonal antibodies was administrated weekly for 3 weeks. Although excellent graft survival rates were obtained 1 month after transplantation, reflecting an effective immunosuppression by these three treatments, no beta-gal-positive fibers were found 2 months after the transplantation, indicating the inability of these immunosuppressive agents to maintain long-term graft survival and induce tolerance to the myoblasts and muscle fibers of donor origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guerette
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Université Laval and Hopital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Guérette B, Vilquin JT, Gingras M, Gravel C, Wood KJ, Tremblay JP. Prevention of immune reactions triggered by first-generation adenoviral vectors by monoclonal antibodies and CTLA4Ig. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:1455-63. [PMID: 8844205 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.12-1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer using first-generation vectors is severely limited by the fact that only transient expression is achievable in immunocompetent animals. The loss in transgene expression can be attributed at least in part to the appearance of detrimental immune responses directed toward vector and/or transgene-encoded determinants. FK506 and cyclosporin A both reduced these immune responses. These immunosuppressants, however, may induce many severe side effects during prolonged use. An alternative strategy has been developed to overcome these problems following in vivo transfection of muscles of adult immunocompetent mice with a delta E1/E3a adenoviral vector encoding a beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) expression cassette. YTS 177 (an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody) as well as CTLA4Ig, a recombinant protein, partially controlled the immune responses. They were indeed able to reduce the muscle infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ cells but they failed to repress the humoral response. Co-administration of YTS 191 (an anti-CD4), YTS 169 (an anti-CD8), and TIB 213 (an anti-CD11a) was, however, very efficient in blocking both cellular and humoral immune reactions. This combination of monoclonal antibodies allowed strong and stable transgene expression over 1 month. These data underline the potential of monoclonal antibodies as immunosuppressive adjunct treatment for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guérette
- Centre de recherche en Neurobiologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
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21
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Hu KH, Liu E, Dean K, Gingras M, DeGraff W, Trun NJ. Overproduction of three genes leads to camphor resistance and chromosome condensation in Escherichia coli. Genetics 1996; 143:1521-32. [PMID: 8844142 PMCID: PMC1207417 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/143.4.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated and characterized three genes, crcA, cspE and crcB, which when present in high copy confer camphor resistance on a cell and suppress mutations in the chromosomal partition gene mukB. Both phenotypes require the same genes. Unlike chromosomal camphor resistant mutants, high copy number crcA, cspE and crcB do not result in an increase in the ploidy of the cells. The cspE gene has been previously identified as a cold shock-like protein with homologues in all organisms tested. We also demonstrate that camphor causes the nucleoids to decondense in vivo and when the three genes are present in high copy, the chromosomes do not decondense. Our results implicate camphor and mukB mutations as interfering with chromosome condensation and high copy crcA, cspE and crcB as promoting or protecting chromosome folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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22
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Guérette B, Tremblay G, Vilquin JT, Asselin I, Gingras M, Roy R, Tremblay JP. Increased interferon-gamma mRNA expression following alloincompatible myoblast transplantation is inhibited by FK506. Muscle Nerve 1996; 19:829-35. [PMID: 8965835 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199607)19:7<829::aid-mus3>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Myoblasts from C57BL/10SnJ+/+ were transplanted in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible mice (i.e., C57BL10SnJ+/+ and C57BL/10SnSc mdx/mdx) and in MHC-noncompatible (BALB/c+/+) mice. The recipients were killed 1-21 days after transplantation. C57BL10SnJ+/+ myoblasts were also transplanted in a few BALB/c+/+ mice treated with FK506 and killed 7 days thereafter. Our results showed that after MHC-noncompatible transplantation, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression is increased from day 5 to day 21, indicating the presence of a cellular immune reaction. Short-term immunosuppressive treatment with FK506 inhibited the transcription of IFN-gamma mRNA compared with that in untreated mice. Myoblast-specific antibodies were also detected 2 and 3 weeks after MHC-incompatible transplantation, indicating that the cellular immune reaction, revealed by the increase in IFN-gamma, was followed by a humoral reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guérette
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant Jésus, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Gingras M, Adam D, Chagnon GJ. Marital enrichment: the contribution of sixteen process variables to the effectiveness of a program. J Sex Marital Ther 1983; 9:121-136. [PMID: 6655703 DOI: 10.1080/00926238308405840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A marital enrichment program, based on Sager's contractual model of couple functioning, was analyzed to see which of its components were linked to good and/or improved marital adjustment, communication and problem-solving skills. Nineteen couples underwent the eight-week program, and were pre- and posttested on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Marital Communication Inventory, and the Marital Interaction Coding System. A factor analysis of 16 process variables within the program confirmed the relationship between components of the program and the therapeutic goals based on Sager's model. When the factors thus derived and the variables themselves were used as predictors of the outcome variables within stepwise multiple regression equations, a positive awareness of one's expectations and of the marital relationship seemed to be particularly important to couple functioning. The role of communication skills and of negotiation training were not as clear. One trend that emerged was that negotiation skills seemed more useful for seriously dysfunctional couples.
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Abstract
Short- and long-term effects of a new marital enrichment program (MEP), based upon Sager's contractual model of couple functioning, were evaluated using both self-inventories (DAS, MCI) and behavioral scales (MICS). Couples were randomly assigned to either no-treatment control conditions or the 20-hour long MEP. Evaluations of marital functioning of both groups were repeatedly done during the experimentation, at pretest, midtest, posttest and follow-up 1 (two months after completion of the program). A second follow-up on the experimental couples was done a year after the end of MEP. Significant results were obtained for five of the seven criterion variables (marital adjustment and communication and certain aspects of problem-solving behavior). Positive gains shown by the experimental couples in the subjective measures were maintained for an entire year following MEP. It was concluded that the program succeeded in meeting both its short- and long-term goals, thus representing a most promising preventative strategy to modern couple living.
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Abstract
Nine patients with eleven cases of tennis elbow, recalcitrant to conservative therapy, underwent surgical reconstruction as described by Gardner in 1970. The average duration of symptoms preoperatively was 49 weeks. There were seven females and two males. Ages ranged from 30 to 54 years. Follow-up ranged from 1.3 to 4.25 years. Patients were evaluated regarding pain, activity, grip strength and satisfaction with the surgical result. Preoperatively, pain was described as moderate in eight, and severe in three. All patients described limitation of activity and decreased grip strength. Postoperatively, mild pain occurred in three, and none in eight. All patients reported no limitation of activity, normal grip strengths, and were satisfied with their surgical result. Lack of full elbow extension initially present in all cases resolved in three to twelve months. Surgical reconstruction of the elbow as described by Gardner is an effective means of treating unresponsive tennis elbow.
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