Evaluation of antibacterial activity of the bark and leaf extracts of Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul against multidrug resistant strains

Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul., a plant that belongs to Moraceae family, is found throughout the Brazilian Cerrado. The antimicrobial activities of ethanolic bark and leaf extracts of B. gaudichaudii were tested against multiresistant bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections (DFIs). Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated by agar disc diffusion (DD) and broth dilution (BD) methods. By BD method, bark (53.85, 45.83%) and leaf (42.31, 50.00%) extracts contained antimicrobial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Increased antimicrobial activity was observed when bark and leaf extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (63.64%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (66.67%). Statistical analyses of bark and leaf extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive (p = 0.000) and gram-negative bacteria (p = 0.012). Extract of bark (p = 0.075) or leaf (p = 0.005) associated with ACA antibiotic showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. Our study suggests that the bark and leaf extracts contain bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant strains.

Aerobic bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance in patients with diabetic foot infections

INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to determine the frequencies of bacterial isolates cultured from diabetic foot infections and assess their resistance and susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics.

METHODS

This prospective study included 41 patients with diabetic foot lesions. Bacteria were isolated from foot lesions, and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and/or broth method [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)].

RESULTS

The most common location of ulceration was the toe (54%), followed by the plantar surface (27%) and dorsal portion (19%). A total of 89 bacterial isolates were obtained from 30 patients. The infections were predominantly due to Gram-positive bacteria and polymicrobial bacteremia. The most commonly isolated Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The most commonly isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Proteus spp. and Enterobacterspp., followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasspp., and Citrobacterspp. Nine cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had cefoxitin resistance, and among these MRSA isolates, 3 were resistant to vancomycin with the MIC technique. The antibiotic imipenem was the most effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and gentamicin was effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study confirmed the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers. It is necessary to evaluate the different microorganisms infecting the wound and to know the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates from the infected wound. This knowledge is crucial for planning treatment with the appropriate antibiotics, reducing resistance patterns, and minimizing healthcare costs.

Atividade in vitro de extratos brutos de duas espécies vegetais do cerrado sobre leveduras do gênero Candida

Objetivou-se conhecer a atividade de Lafoensia pacari e a de Brossimum gaudichaudii, sobre leveduras do gênero Candida isoladas da mucosa vaginal. As leveduras foram isoladas a partir de esfregaço de mucosa vaginal de mulheres com ou sem sintomatologia. Realizou-se os testes de susceptibilidade em duplicata para 34 linhagens de Candida frente aos extratos brutos das espécies vegetais, nas concentrações de 50, 100 e 200 mg.mL-1. Consideraram-se como ativos os extratos que produziram halos de inibição com média a partir de 10 mm. Evidenciou-se atividade antifúngica de B. gaudichaudii na concentração de 200 mg.mL-1, enquanto que a de L. pacari mostrou-se ativo a 50 mg.mL-1. A atividade dos extratos vegetais estudados destacou-se em relação à Nistatina creme (100.000UI/4g) utilizada como controle.