1
|
Fiore G, Di Profio E, Sculati M, Verduci E, Zuccotti GV. Health effects of yogurt consumption during paediatric age: a narrative review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:738-759. [PMID: 35450518 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2065467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Yogurt is a fermented milk product characterised by a peculiar nutritional composition with live and viable cultures of bacteria. Few studies have analysed the benefits of yogurt consumption on health outcomes during paediatric age. Recent epidemiological studies evaluating the nutritional impact of yogurt have demonstrated its significant contribution to nutrients intakes among children. Thus, consuming yogurt is a strategy to achieve recommended nutrient intake and healthier dietary choices, with potential impact on obesity and cardiometabolic outcome in children. Yogurt's effects on paediatric infectious diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and atopic-related disorders are ascribed to the specific probiotic strain administered. Interestingly, the benefits of yogurt consumption are most likely due to effects mediated through the gut microbiota and the enhancement of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, supplementing standard yogurt cultures with probiotic strains could be useful to promote health at different paediatric ages, although more evidence is needed regarding the strain-related effects and their interplay within the paediatric immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sculati
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Master Course in Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Italian Danone Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pellagra appears to be a rare entity currently, it may still develop. It is important to recognize how the disease manifests to ensure adequate and timely treatment. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of pellagra secondary to anorexia nervosa in a 28-year-old woman. We observed the classical signs: erythema in the neck region, diarrhea, and neurologic symptoms. Diagnosis was made on a clinical basis, and the patient had a rapid recovery after undergoing therapy with nicotinamide and tryptophan. CONCLUSIONS In our case, the patient did not exhibit any sign of being severely underweight with marked malnutrition such as the typical manifestation expected in pellagra. This case demonstrated that clinicians should have a high level of suspicion in making a diagnosis of pellagra, especially in patients with a history of eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV (case study).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Portale
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy.
| | - Michele Sculati
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Master Course in Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Department of Medicine-Neuroendocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Via S.Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marangoni F, Martini D, Scaglioni S, Sculati M, Donini LM, Leonardi F, Agostoni C, Castelnuovo G, Ferrara N, Ghiselli A, Giampietro M, Maffeis C, Porrini M, Barbi B, Poli A. Snacking in nutrition and health. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:909-923. [PMID: 30969153 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1595543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that distributing energy and nutrient intake across 4-5 eating occasions/day (rather than across three standard meals) could favourably affect human health. The inclusion of 1-2 snacks in the daily pattern alleviates the potential digestive and metabolic overload caused by fewer heavier meals and might contribute to meet recommendations for food groups (e.g. fruits, dairy) and nutrients like fibre and vitamins. The snack composition should be evaluated taking into account the whole day's diet. In early and late ages, and for specific population groups, snacking may need to follow particular characteristics in order to be optimal, both in terms of composition and timing. This document, which is the result of a collaboration of experts across several fields of research, intends to provide a review of the current scientific literature on meal frequency and health, highlighting the beneficial effects of correct snack consumption across the human lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Martini
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy , Milan , Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglioni
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele Sculati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy.,DISCCO (Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health), University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory , Verbania , Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiselli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-Alimenti e Nutrizione , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Verona University , Verona , Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in lipid storage as a consequence of feeding animals with high-glycemic index (GI) diets has been observed by many authors. Ghrelin is one of the most important orexigenic hormones, and curiously, its fasting plasma levels are decreased in human obesity. AIM As ghrelin secretion is affected by insulin concentration, we hypothesized that carbohydrates with different glycemic responses might influence fasting plasma ghrelin levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty rats were divided into two groups and fed ad libitum a low-GI or a high-GI diet for 21 days. RESULTS In rats fed a high- vs low-GI diet we observed: increased food intake (18.9+/-0.6 vs 16.4+/-2.0 g/day; p<0.01), increased weight gain (28.8+/-6.6 vs 16.4+/-6% of initial weight; p<0.01), higher relative weight of epididymal fat pads (1.7+/-0.4 vs 1.4+/-0.3%; p=0.05), but lower total fasting ghrelin levels (41.1+/-10.7 vs 59.5+/-9.8 pg/ml; p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin appeared to be downregulated in rats fed a high-GI diet; this observation could be related to the higher food intake and fat mass observed in these rats and to the effects of insulin response on ghrelin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sculati
- Department of Applied Sciences, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia School of Medicine, 27100 - Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sculati M, Rossi F, Morlacchini M, Cena H, Roggi C. Diets with low glycemic index minimized weight loss in rats reared in a simulation of microgravity by hindlimb suspension. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Sculati M, Alimonti D, Curti D, Roggi C, Ceroni M. Experimental diets for the prevention of the development of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
The experience obtained in astronauts until now has revealed many nutritional problems during both short- and long-term missions that are still under investigation. When the manned space program evolves to the point where it involves a considerable number of people operating at great distances from the Earth for long periods of time, continuous provision of food as well as physiopathological modifications partly related to nutrition will remain a challenge. Human space missions have outlined the importance of the diet on the quality of an astronaut's life, not only because an appropriate nutritional status can be maintained only through an adequate nutrient intake, but also because food plays an important socio-psychological role.A great amount of research has been done both by the Russian and American teams in order to identify the nutritional requirements for humans during space flights. Crew members should be provided with nutritional adequate diets characterized by many different food items carefully selected according to technological techniques aimed to ensure long shelf-life periods, health, safety, satisfaction and convenience. An astronaut's nutritional status is greatly influenced by important weightlessness, environmental physiological adaptations.Changes in muscle and bone mass, modifications of gastro-intestinal functions and immune alterations may be partly limited by adequate planned dietary countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hellas Cena
- Department of Health Applied Sciences, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sculati O, Spagnoli TD, Sculati M, Formigatti M, Sabbatini A, Bolesina L. [New techniques in nutritional surveys and food educational programs: volumetric dietetics for portion size assessment]. Ann Ig 2003; 15:135-46. [PMID: 12838829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Data in literature show that body weight in adults and children seems to be related to portion sizes more than to food choices and people are more reluctant to give up favourite foods than to reduce portions. So several scientific societies in USA have recently emphastzied the need to select appropriate portion sizes. At the same time, studies on cognitive strategies show that the best method to help people to remember how much they eat is visualisation/comparison to tridimensional visual aids. So a new technique for evaluating portion sizes, based on comparison of portions to volume of usual objects (baseball, dice, deck of cards) appeared in the last years, in nutritional surveys and food educational projects. Our team, since 1990, appointed a volumetric assessment based on comparison of foods to the fist, palm, fingers of the examined subject; this system has been experienced with success for a long time both in individual dietetics and in food educational projects or surveys. Since the interest for this new technique is rising, the aim of this review is to introduce the method and to delineate the applications in nutritional surveys or educational projects in national and international literature. This method, simple practical and intelligible, seems to be addressed to a wide development in the future.
Collapse
|