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Arata K, Yamaguchi T, Takamune K, Yasumoto S, Kondo M, Kato SI, Yoshikuni M, Ohno K, Kato-Unoki Y, Okada G, Fujii T. Pattern recognition receptors involved in the immune system of hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 151:105065. [PMID: 37741564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The initial defense against invading pathogenic microbes is the activation of innate immunity by binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To explain the action of PRRs from hagfish, one of the extant jawless vertebrates, we purified the GlcNAc recognition complex (GRC) from serum using GlcNAc-agarose. The GRC comprises four proteins of varying molecular masses: 19 kDa, 26 kDa, 27 kDa, and 31 kDa. Exposure of Escherichia coli to the GRC led to the phagocytic activation of macrophages, revealing the opsonic function of the GRC. The GRC in serum formed a large complex with a molecular mass of approximately 1200 kDa. The GRC bound to Escherichia coli but not to rabbit red blood cells, despite both having GlcNAc on their surface. These structural and binding properties are similar to those of mannose-binding lectin (MBL). The amino acid sequence of a portion of the 31 kDa protein in the GRC matched the amino acid sequence of variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR)-B in some place. According to the Western blot analysis, the 31 kDa protein was recognized by the anti-hagfish VLR-B antiserum. Based on the results, it appears that the GRC functions as a PRR like MBL and that its 31 kDa protein has a structure similar to that of VLR-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Arata
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Takamune
- Division of Natural Science, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University(4), 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinya Yasumoto
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kato
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukutsu, 811-3304, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Ohno
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato-Unoki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Genya Okada
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Ujina-Higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8558, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Fujii
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Ujina-Higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8558, Japan
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Pates G, Maceren-Pates M, Peter MJ, Yoshikuni M, Kurita Y. The Germline Marker Piwi Expressed in the Skin Layer of the Polychaete Perinereis wilsoni After Injury. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:103-111. [PMID: 33812350 DOI: 10.2108/zs200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nereidid polychaete Perinereis wilsoni is a homonomous metameric worm with a complete septum between each segment. Each segment has germ cells localized in the distal area of the parapodia. Perinereis wilsoni is also known to have high abilities of tissue regeneration; however, it is still unclear whether germ cells can regenerate in the healing tissue. To address this, we surgically operated the parapodia of an adult worm to remove germ cells from the segments and observed the germ cell regeneration using the germ cell genetic marker Pw-piwi. At day 20 post-surgical operation of the parapodia in one side of the segment, we found that Pw-piwi was expressed in the regenerating parapodia. We surgically operated the parapodia on both sides of the segment to remove the germ cells completely and it gave a similar result. However, before the expression of this gene marker in the regenerating parapodia, we observed that Pw-piwi was expressed in cells in the skin layer of the worm just after surgical operations. These Pw-piwi-positive cells were not observed in the un-operated worm. Our observations showed that germ cells of Perinereis wilsoni can regenerate even after the complete removal of germ cells from the defined habitat. The Pw-piwipositive cells that appeared in the skin layer after the disappearance of germ cells may be involved in the regeneration of new germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaudioso Pates
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoshihisa Kurita
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan,
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Peter MJ, Maceren-Pates M, Pates G, Yoshikuni M, Kurita Y. Germ Cell Development in Male Perinereis nuntia and Gamete Spawning Mechanisms in Males and Females. Zoolog Sci 2021; 37:519-528. [PMID: 33269867 DOI: 10.2108/zs200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perinereis nuntia is a fully segmented worm with complete intersegmental septa. A previous study of females revealed that germ cells of this animal originate in the tail end segment, called the pygidium. Germ cells were duplicated in the pygidium, transferred to a newly generated segment, and then settled in the parapodia. Within each segment, the settled germ cells proliferated in the parapodia and then migrated into a body cavity area to begin meiotic development. Currently, there is not much information about differences between male and female germ cell development. Therefore, we conducted monthly in situ hybridization analyses using the germ cell marker Pn-piwi and histological examinations. Germ cells detected by Pn-piwi initially settled in the distal areas of the parapodia on both sides of each segment, then formed a large germ cell cluster in each parapodium, and finally, small germ cell clusters were formed by the separation of the large clusters. The small clusters migrated to the deeper body cavity area during growth by segment addition. Until the female germ cells began vitellogenesis, the sex of germ cells could not be identified by morphological observation. Thus, male and female P. nuntia may have the same mechanism of germ cell provision to all segments. At the time of spawning, sperm were released from nephridiopores at the 2nd through 15th segments from the pygidium, while eggs were released through ruptures in the skin of 2-3 segments between the 10th and 30th segments from the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria January Peter
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24, Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan
| | - Mercedes Maceren-Pates
- Mindanao State University-Naawan, Pedro Pagalan St. Poblacion, Naawan, 9023 Misamis Oriental, Philippines
| | - Gaudioso Pates
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24, Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Yoshikuni
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24, Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kurita
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24, Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan,
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Honda M, Muta A, Shimazaki A, Akasaka T, Yoshikuni M, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. High concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate in mucus of tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes: a laboratory exposure study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1551-1558. [PMID: 29098580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was investigated in tissues (plasma, blood clot, mucus, skin, liver, muscle, and gonad) of tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes. A single dose of PFOS was intraperitoneally injected at 0.1 mg/kg body weight with samples taken over a 14-day period. The highest concentration of PFOS was found in the plasma, 861 ng/mL at 14 days, followed by the mucus, liver, blood clot, gonads, muscles, and skin of fish. A gradual upward trend in PFOS concentration was observed in the mucus and liver whereas there was no change in the plasma, blood clot, gonad, muscle, and skin after the initial increase in PFOS concentrations following injection. No significant trend for estimated total PFOS content in whole body was observed during the experimental period. Relatively high concentrations of PFOS (690 ng/g ww after 14 days) were detected in body surface mucus that continuously oozes from the skin. These results may suggest that mucus is one of the elimination pathways of PFOS in tiger puffer fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Honda
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Akemi Muta
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Akinari Shimazaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Taiki Akasaka
- Center for Advanced Instrumental and Educational Supports, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Yoshikuni
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Tsuyazaki 4-46-24, Fukutsu, Fukuoka, 811-3304, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Maceren-Pates M, Kurita Y, Pates G, Yoshikuni M. A model for germ cell development in a fully segmented worm. Zoological Lett 2015; 1:34. [PMID: 26649187 PMCID: PMC4672553 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-015-0035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polychaetes are segmented marine worms with body segments separated by a complete or incomplete septum. In most polychaetes the whole body cavity is filled with gametes during the breeding season. Platynereis dumerilii (Pl. dumerilii), which has an incomplete septum was shown to develop a single gonadal structure for gamete production located in the neck region. However, in Perinereis nuntia (Pe. nuntia), which has a complete septum separating each segment, the developmental feature of gametes remains unknown. To clarify this, the marker gene vasa was used to trace the development of germ cells throughout the life stages of Pe. nuntia. RESULTS In three-segmented juveniles, Pn-vasa was expressed in the parapodia and in the two cells localized in the pygidium. During the addition of a new segment, Pn-vasa positive cells in the pygidium increased from two to four and two new Pn-vasa positive cells were found in the newly-generated segment. In adults, Pn-vasa was expressed in a large cell cluster at the distal end of the parapodia, in smaller cell clusters (which had an elongated form in the trunk area of the parapodia), and in oocytes in the coelomic cavity. This may suggest that germ cells settle in the parapodia and later translocate into the coelomic cavity to develop into oocytes. CONCLUSION Our observations will help in understanding the mechanism of germ cell development in all body segments of Pe. nuntia. We hypothesize that primordial germ cells are supplied from the pygidium to every newly-generating segment which later settle in the parapodium. This will explain how polychaetes can generate gametes in each body segment, even those that are independently separated with a complete septum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Maceren-Pates
- />Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24 Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu, 811-3304 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kurita
- />Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 15 Mukai, Konorihama, Oshika, Miyagi 986-2242 Japan
| | - Gaudioso Pates
- />Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24 Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu, 811-3304 Japan
| | - Michiyasu Yoshikuni
- />Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, 4-46-24 Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu, 811-3304 Japan
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Shibata Y, Iwamatsu T, Suzuki N, Young G, Naruse K, Nagahama Y, Yoshikuni M. An oocyte-specific astacin family protease, alveolin, is released from cortical granules to trigger egg envelope hardening during fertilization in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Dev Biol 2012; 372:239-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mita M, Yoshikuni M, Ohno K, Shibata Y, Paul-Prasanth B, Pitchayawasin S, Isobe M, Nagahama Y. A relaxin-like peptide purified from radial nerves induces oocyte maturation and ovulation in the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:9507-12. [PMID: 19470645 PMCID: PMC2685251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900243106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) of starfish is the only known invertebrate peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to the vertebrate luteinizing hormone (LH). Here, we purified GSS of starfish, Asterina pectinifera, from radial nerves and determined its amino acid sequence. The purified GSS was a heterodimer composed of 2 different peptides, A and B chains, with disulfide cross-linkages. Based on its cysteine motif, starfish GSS was classified as a member of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/relaxin superfamily. The cDNA of GSS encodes a preprohormone sequence with a C peptide between the A and B chains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that starfish GSS was a relaxin-like peptide. Chemically synthesized GSS induced not only oocyte maturation and ovulation in isolated ovarian fragments, but also unique spawning behavior, followed by release of gametes shortly after the injection. Importantly, the action of the synthetic GSS on oocyte maturation and ovulation was mediated through the production of cAMP by isolated ovarian follicle cells, thereby producing the maturation-inducing hormone of this species, 1-methyladenine. In situ hybridization showed the transcription of GSS to occur in the periphery of radial nerves at the side of tube feet. Together, the structure, sequence, and mode of signal transduction strongly suggest that GSS is closely related to the vertebrate relaxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Mita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Yoshikuni
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and
| | - Kaoru Ohno
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and
| | - Yasushi Shibata
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and
| | - Bindhu Paul-Prasanth
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and
| | - Suthasinee Pitchayawasin
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minoru Isobe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagahama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and
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Senthilkumaran B, Sudhakumari CC, Wang DS, Sreenivasulu G, Kobayashi T, Kobayashi HK, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Novel 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from gonads of the Nile tilapia: phylogenetic significance and expression during reproductive cycle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 299:146-52. [PMID: 19084575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple forms of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3beta-HSD) and their differential tissue expression pattern have not been shown in any lower vertebrates. In the present study, we report cloning of two novel 3beta-HSDs and two variants from gonads of the Nile tilapia. 3beta-HSD cDNAs encode two peptides of 375 (3beta-HSD type-I/variant 1) and 367 (3beta-HSD type-II/variant 1) amino acid residues that share 31.9% homology. 3beta-HSD type-I/variant 1 shared high homology with other piscine counterparts while 3beta-HSD type-II/variant 1 exhibited homology to mammalian DeltaC27-3beta-HSD and multifunctional viral 3beta-HSD. The latter seems to be ancient form among vertebrates. Transiently transfected 3beta-HSDs' open reading frames in COS-7 cells converted exogenous pregnenolone/androsta-5-ene-3beta-17beta-diol to progesterone/testosterone. Tissue distribution pattern of 3beta-HSDs by RT-PCR revealed varied expression pattern. Northern blot analysis of 3beta-HSDs demonstrated steady or gradual rise in transcripts level at different gonadal stages. These data revealed the importance of novel 3beta-HSDs in teleosts and also provided phylogenetic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Senthilkumaran
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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Kato S, Tsurumaru S, Taga M, Yamane T, Shibata Y, Ohno K, Fujiwara A, Yamano K, Yoshikuni M. Neuronal peptides induce oocyte maturation and gamete spawning of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Dev Biol 2009; 326:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mita M, Yamamoto K, Yoshikuni M, Ohno K, Nagahama Y. Preliminary study on the receptor of gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) as a gonadotropin of starfish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 153:299-301. [PMID: 17368456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) which acts as the gonadotropin was purified from the starfish (Asterina pectinifera) and subsequently, its structure was deciphered. In this study, artificial GSS was synthesized and its interaction with the receptors was examined further. According to competitive experiments using radioiodinated and radioinert GSS in various tissues of A. pectinifera, high specific bindings were observed in the ovarian follicle cells and testicular interstitial cells. Scatchard plot analysis also showed that K(d) values were about 4nM in follicle cells and about 7nM in interstitial cells. The numbers of binding sites in follicle cells were estimated to be about 3pmoles/mg protein and in interstitial cells to be about 1pmoles/mg protein. These strongly suggest that GSS receptors are distributed to follicle cells in female and interstitial cells in male, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Mita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, National University Corporation, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
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Yamaguchi A, Katsu Y, Matsuyama M, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Phosphorylation of the p34(cdc2) target site on goldfish germinal vesicle lamin B3 before oocyte maturation. Eur J Cell Biol 2006; 85:501-17. [PMID: 16600424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear membranes surrounding fish and frog oocyte germinal vesicles (GVs) are supported by the lamina, an internal, mesh-like structure that consists of the protein lamin B3. The mechanisms by which lamin B3 is transported into GVs and is assembled to form the nuclear lamina are not well understood. In this study, we developed a heterogeneous microinjection system in which wild-type or mutated goldfish GV lamin B3 (GFLB3) was expressed in Escherichia coli, biotinylated, and microinjected into Xenopus oocytes. The localization of the biotinylated GFLB3 was visualized by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The results of these experiments indicated that the N-terminal domain plays important roles in both nuclear transport and assembly of lamin B3 to form the nuclear lamina. The N-terminal domain includes a major consensus phosphoacceptor site for the p34(cdc2) kinase at amino acid residue Ser-28. To investigate nuclear lamin phosphorylation, we generated a monoclonal antibody (C7B8D) against Ser-28-phosphorylated GFLB3. Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis of GV protein revealed two major spots of lamin B3 with different isoelectric points (5.9 and 6.1). The C7B8D antibody recognized the pI-5.9 spot but not the pI-6.1 spot. The former spot disappeared when the native lamina was incubated with lambda phage protein phosphatase (lambda-PP), indicating that a portion of the lamin protein was already phosphorylated in the goldfish GV-stage oocytes. GFLB3 that had been microinjected into Xenopus oocytes was also phosphorylated in Xenopus GV lamina, as judged by Western blotting with C7B8D. Thus, lamin phosphorylation appears to occur prior to oocyte maturation in vivo in both these species. Taken together, our results suggest that the balance between phosphorylation by interphase lamin kinases and dephosphorylation by phosphatases regulates the conformational changes in the lamin B3 N-terminal head domain that in turn regulates the continual in vivo rearrangement and remodeling of the oocyte lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Zhou LY, Wang DS, Senthilkumaran B, Yoshikuni M, Shibata Y, Kobayashi T, Sudhakumari CC, Nagahama Y. Cloning, expression and characterization of three types of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. J Mol Endocrinol 2005; 35:103-16. [PMID: 16087725 DOI: 10.1677/jme.1.01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the roles of 17beta-HSDs in fish gonadal steroidogenesis, three types of 17beta-HSDs (17beta-HSD1, 17beta-HSD8 and putative 17beta-HSD12) were cloned and characterized from the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The cloned cDNAs of 17beta-HSD type 1, 8 and 12 were 1504, 1006 and 1930 bp long, with open reading frames encoding proteins of 289, 256 and 314 aminoacids, respectively. Tissue distribution pattern analyzed by RT-PCR and Northern blot showed that 17beta-HSD1 was dominantly expressed in the ovary, while the putative 17beta-HSD12, one of the two duplicates found in fish, is a male specific enzyme and expressed exclusively in testis (detected by RT-PCR only). On the other hand, 17beta-HSD8 was expressed in the brain, gill, heart, liver, intestine, gonad, kidney and muscle of both male and female. Enzymatic assays of the three types of 17beta-HSDs were performed using recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli or HEK 293 cells. Tilapia 17beta-HSD1 expressed in E. coli had the preference for NADP(H) as cofactor and could catalyze the inter-conversion between estrone and estradiol efficiently as well as the inter-conversion between androstenedione and testosterone, but less efficiently. Tilapia 17beta-HSD8 recombinant protein expressed in HEK 293 cells could catalyze the conversion of testosterone to androstenedione, as well as the inter-conversion between estrone and estradiol. However, the putative 17beta-HSD12 expressed in E. coli or in HEK 293 cells showed no conversion to any of the four substrates tested in this study. Based on enzyme characterization and tissue distribution, it is plausible to attribute crucial roles to 17beta-HSDs in the gonadal steroidogenesis of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zhou
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Kita M, Okumura Y, Ohdachi SD, Oba Y, Yoshikuni M, Nakamura Y, Kido H, Uemura D. Purification and characterisation of blarinasin, a new tissue kallikrein-like protease from the short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda: comparative studies with blarina toxin. Biol Chem 2005; 386:177-82. [PMID: 15843162 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new tissue kallikrein-like protease, blarinasin, has been purified from the salivary glands of the short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda. Blarinasin is a 32-kDa N-glycosylated protease with isoelectric values ranging between 5.3 and 5.7, and an optimum pH of 8.5 for enzyme activity. The cloned blarinasin cDNA coded for a pre-pro-sequence and a mature peptide of 252 amino acids with a catalytic triad typical for serine proteases and 43.7-54.0% identity to other mammalian tissue kallikreins. Blarinasin preferentially hydrolysed Pro-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA) and N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA, and preferentially converted human high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) to bradykinin. The activity of blarinasin was prominently inhibited by aprotinin (K(i) =3.4 nM). A similar kallikrein-like protease, the lethal venom blarina toxin, has previously been purified from the salivary glands of the shrew Blarina and shows 67.9% identity to blarinasin. However, blarinasin was not toxic in mice. Blarinasin is a very abundant kallikrein-like protease and represents 70-75% of kallikrein-like enzymes in the salivary gland of B. brevicauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kita
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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14
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Wang DS, Senthilkumaran B, Sudhakumari CC, Sakai F, Matsuda M, Kobayashi T, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Molecular cloning, gene expression and characterization of the third estrogen receptor of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2005; 31:255-266. [PMID: 20035467 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-006-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are essential for many reproductive and non-reproductive functions. In teleosts, it is well-known that several subtypes of estrogen receptors are required for the precise action of estrogens. Present study describes the cloning of the third estrogen receptor, ER- beta2, from the Nile tilapia by EST sequencing coupled microarray. The cloned ER-beta2 showed 77.7% amino acid identity with the reported Atlantic croaker ER-beta. Three ERs, ER-alpha, ER-beta1 and ER-beta2, from the fugu genome were also isolated to analyze their gene structures. Comparison of the intron/exon boundaries and exon numbers of fugu, tilapia, rainbow trout and zebrafish, and phylogenetic analysis of 63 ER sequences revealed that ER-beta probably underwent two successive lineage-specific duplications in teleost. The former took place only in zebrafish lineage, and the latter took place in advanced teleosts without the zebrafish lineage, whereas no duplication of the ER-alpha gene has been detected. Tissue distribution analysis by RT-PCR revealed that tilapia ER-alpha and ER-beta1 were expressed ubiquitously, whereas ER-beta2 is expressed only in the pituitary, liver, intestine, kidney and gonads, with the highest expression in the testis and the lowest level in the ovary. Northern blot analysis detected a single transcript of about 3.4 kb in the testis but not in the ovary mRNAs. In transient transfection assays using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, tilapia ER-beta2 showed estrodiol-17beta dependent transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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15
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Jacob TN, Pandey JP, Raghuveer K, Sreenivasulu G, Gupta AD, Yoshikuni M, Jagota A, Senthilkumaran B. Thyroxine-induced alterations in the testis and seminal vesicles of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2005; 31:271-274. [PMID: 20035469 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-006-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Effect of experimentally induced thyroxine overdose on the testis and seminal vesicles was studied in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus during the preparatory and the pre-spawning phase. The present study revealed a marked reduction in testosterone level in serum, testis and seminal vesicles (SV). Histological examination showed a considerable reduction in the number of spermatozoa/spermatids in the seminiferous tubular lumen as well as depletion of fluid in the loculi of SV. SDS-PAGE analysis of SV fluid proteins demonstrated a significant decrease in the level of a ~27 kDa protein in thyroxine treated fishes. Evidences are presented here to indicate that thyroid hormone plays a role in regulating testis and SV function in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Jacob
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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16
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Sudhakumari CC, Senthilkumaran B, Kobayashi T, Kajiura-Kobayashi H, Wang DS, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Ontogenic expression patterns of several nuclear receptors and cytochrome P450 aromatases in brain and gonads of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus suggests their involvement in sex differentiation. Fish Physiol Biochem 2005; 31:129-135. [PMID: 20035446 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-006-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we analyzed the ontogenic expression patterns of several nuclear receptors (estrogen receptors [ERalpha and beta], androgen receptors [ARalpha and beta], Ad4BP/SF-1 and Dax-1) and cytochrome P450 aromatases (brain and ovarian types) in whole brain and gonads of the Nile tilapia. ERalpha and beta transcripts were evident in both sexes with a high expression of ERalpha in females at 0 day after hatching (0 dah). ARalpha appeared early (0 dah) in males and while in females at 25 dah. Among the two types of cytochrome P450 aromatases, the expression of the brain type (bP450arom) but not the ovarian type (oP450arom) was evident from 0 to 90 dah in the whole brain of both males and females. Expression of Ad4BP/SF-1 in female brain began from 0 dah but in male brain at 5 dah. Expression of Dax-1 began at 0 dah and it was higher throughout in male brain than that of the female brain. In gonads, ERalpha and beta transcripts were evident in both sexes with slight variation. In females, both oP450arom and Ad4BP/SF-1 amplicons were evident at 15 dah. In males, although faint expressions of Ad4BP/SF-1 amplicons were evident at early duration of development, oP450arom did not appear until 90 dah. Conversely, expression of bP450arom was observed throughout in the developing testis with varied pattern while in developing ovary it was evident till 15 dah and reappeared only after 90 dah. Taken together, present results suggest that brain acts merely as a synchronizer in the sex differentiation process initiated by gonadal cues/factors in the Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Sudhakumari
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan,
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17
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Horiguchi R, Yoshikuni M, Tokumoto M, Nagahama Y, Tokumoto T. Identification of a protein kinase which phosphorylates a subunit of the 26S proteasome and changes in its activity during meiotic cell cycle in goldfish oocytes. Cell Signal 2005; 17:205-15. [PMID: 15494212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is involved in the progression of the meiotic cell cycle in fish oocytes. We reported that the alpha4 subunit of the 26S proteasome, which is a component of the outer rings of the 20S proteasome, is phosphorylated in immature oocytes and dephosphorylated in mature oocytes. To investigate the role of the phosphorylation, we purified the protein kinase from immature oocytes using a recombinant alpha4 subunit as substrate. A protein band which well corresponded to the kinase activity was identified as casein kinase Ialpha (CKIalpha). Two-dimensional (2D) PAGE analysis showed that part of the alpha4 subunit was phosphorylated by CKIalpha in vitro. This spot was detected in purified immature 26S proteasome but not in mature 26S proteasome, demonstrate that the alpha4 subunit is phosphorylated by CKIalpha meiotic cell cycle dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biomechanics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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18
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Kita M, Nakamura Y, Okumura Y, Ohdachi SD, Oba Y, Yoshikuni M, Kido H, Uemura D. Blarina toxin, a mammalian lethal venom from the short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda: Isolation and characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:7542-7. [PMID: 15136743 PMCID: PMC419642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402517101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomous mammals are rare, and their venoms have not been characterized. We have purified and characterized the blarina toxin (BLTX), a lethal mammalian venom with a tissue kallikrein-like activity from the submaxillary and sublingual glands of the short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda. Mice administered BLTX i.p. developed irregular respiration, paralysis, and convulsions before dying. Based on the amino acid sequence of purified protein, we cloned the BLTX cDNA. It consists of a prosequence and an active form of 253 aa with a typical catalytic triad of serine proteases, with a high identity with tissue kallikreins. BLTX is an N-linked microheterogeneous glycoprotein with a unique insertion of 10 residues, L(106)TFFYKTFLG(115). BLTX converted kininogens to kinins, which may be one of the toxic pathogens, and had dilatory effects on the blood vessel walls. The acute toxicity and proteolytic activity of BLTX were strongly inhibited by aprotinin, a kallikrein inhibitor, suggesting that its toxicity is due to a kallikrein-like activity of the venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kita
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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19
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Mita M, Oka H, Thorndyke MC, Shibata Y, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Inhibitory Effect of a SALMFamide Neuropeptide on Secretion of Gonad-Stimulating Substance from Radial Nerves in the Starfish Asterina pectinifera. Zoolog Sci 2004; 21:299-303. [PMID: 15056924 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.21.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In starfish, the peptide hormone gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) secreted from nervous tissue stimulates oocyte maturation to induce 1-methyladenine (1-MeAde) production by ovarian follicle cells. The SALMFamide family is also known to an echinoderm neuropeptide. The present study examined effect of SALMFamide 1 (S1) on oocyte maturation of starfish Asterina pectinifera. Unlike GSS, S1 did not induce spawning in starfish ovary. In contrast, S1 was found to inhibit GSS secretion from radial nerves by treatment with high K+ concentration. Fifty percent inhibition was obtained by 0.1 mM S1. S1 did not have any effect on GSS- and 1-MeAde-induced oocyte maturation. Following incubation with a S1 antibody and subsequently with rhodamine-conjugated second antibody, neural networks were observed in ovaries. The networks were restricted mainly to their surface with little evidence of immunoreactivity inside the basement membranes. This indicates that neural networks are distributed in the ovarian wall. The result further suggests that S1 plays a role in oocyte maturation to regulate GSS secretion from the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Mita
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Gonadotropins (GTHs; FSH and LH) require two major steroidal mediators, estradiol-17 beta (E(2)) and 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-DP) to act as critical hormones to execute oocyte growth and maturation, respectively. A two-cell type model has been proposed, where the theca cells provide the precursor steroids, and the granulosa cells produce the two steroidal mediators under the direct influence of FSH and LH. A distinct shift in steroidogenesis, i.e. from E(2) to 17 alpha,20 beta-DP as well as the steroidogenic enzyme genes from ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase (oP450arom) to 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 beta-HSD), occurs in the granulosa layers of ovarian follicles prior to oocyte maturation. The triggering of the steroidogenic shift by GTHs in granulosa cells occurs through the subjugation of Ad4BP/SF-1 expression in respect of oP450arom, followed by an over-expression of 20 beta-HSD probably through the CREB.
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21
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Wang DS, Kobayashi T, Senthilkumaran B, Sakai F, Sudhakumari CC, Suzuki T, Yoshikuni M, Matsuda M, Morohashi KI, Nagahama Y. Molecular cloning of DAX1 and SHP cDNAs and their expression patterns in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 297:632-40. [PMID: 12270141 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Piscine DAX1 and SHP cDNAs with an open reading frame encoding 296 and 258 amino acid residues, respectively, as well as SHP partial gene fragment, were cloned from Nile tilapia. Phylogenetic analyses of DAX1s, SHPs, and homologous EST fragments indicate that DAX1 and SHP are conserved in gene structure and are present throughout vertebrates. A single band of approximately 1.4kb for DAX1 and of approximately 1.2kb for SHP was detected in the Northern blot analysis. Tissue distribution analysis by RT-PCR showed that fish DAX1 and SHP mRNAs are widely expressed in adult tissues, with the most abundant expression in gonads and liver, respectively. DAX1 and SHP were also detected in gonads of both sexes at 5-90 days after hatching (dah). However, the expression of DAX1 is weak at 5 and 10dah and then significantly up-regulated between 10 and 15dah, whereas the expression of SHP is moderate and consistent during the ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shou Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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22
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Senthilkumaran B, Sudhakumari CC, Chang XT, Kobayashi T, Oba Y, Guan G, Yoshiura Y, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Ovarian Carbonyl Reductase-Like 20β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Shows Distinct Surge in Messenger RNA Expression During Natural and Gonadotropin-Induced Meiotic Maturation in Nile Tilapia1. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:1080-6. [PMID: 12297521 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod67.4.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic maturation in fish is accomplished by maturation-inducing hormones. 17alpha,20beta-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-DP) was identified as the maturation-inducing hormone of several teleosts, including Nile tilapia. A cDNA encoding 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-HSD), the enzyme that converts 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 17alpha,20beta-DP, was cloned from the ovarian follicle of Nile tilapia. Genomic Southern analysis indicated that 20beta-HSD probably exists as a single copy in the genome. The Escherichia coli-expressed cDNA product oxidized both carbonyl and steroid compounds, including progestogens, in the presence of NADPH. Carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-HSD is broadly expressed in various tissues of tilapia, including ovary, testis, and gill. Northern blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses during the 14-day spawning cycle revealed that the expression of 20beta-HSD in ovarian follicles is low from Day 0 to Day 8 after spawning and is not detectable on Day 11. Distinct expression was evident at Day 14, the day of spawning. In males, 20beta-HSD expression was observed continually in mature testes but not in immature testes of 30-day-old fish. In vitro incubation of postvitellogenic immature follicles (corresponding to Day 11 after spawning) with hCG induced the expression of 20beta-HSD mRNA transcripts within 1-2 h, followed by the final meiotic maturation of oocytes. In tissues such as gill, muscle, brain, and pituitary, however, hCG treatment did not induce any changes in the levels of mRNA transcripts. Actinomycin D blockade of hCG-induced 20beta-HSD expression and final oocyte maturation demonstrated the involvement of transcriptional factors. The carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-HSD plays an important role in the meiotic maturation of tilapia gametes.
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23
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Rahman M, Ohta K, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y, Chuda H, Matsuyama M. Characterization of ovarian membrane receptor for 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, a maturation-inducing hormone in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2002; 127:71-9. [PMID: 12161204 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, we tentatively identified 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) as a maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In this study, we investigated the binding sites for radioactive 17,20 beta-P and characterized the receptor binding to the ovarian plasma membrane in yellowtail undergoing first stage of maturation (FSM). Equilibrium binding sites for 17,20 beta-P have been detected within 1h incubation and the binding dissociated completely within 50 min at 4 degrees C and was pH dependent (optimum pH 7.8). Scatchard analyses of specifically bound 17,20 beta-P showed the evidence of a single class of high affinity binding sites (K(D)=22.9 nM), with limited capacity (B(max)=2.1 pmol/g tissue) to the ovarian membrane of yellowtail undergoing FSM. Competition results revealed that ovarian membrane receptor was highly specific for 17,20 beta-P. There was no other steroid competed strongly with the binding sites of [3H]17,20 beta-P, except 17,20 beta-P itself. On the other hand, 17,20 beta-P did not bind to the membrane prepared from maturationally incompetent (MI) and ovulation (OV) stages of oocytes. As the time proceeded after the stimulation of HCG, binding activity increased significantly (0.389+/-0.036 pmol/g tissue) in the ovarian membrane of maturationally competent (MC) oocytes by 12h postinjection. The binding activity was further significant (0.868+/-0.032 pmol/g tissue) at FSM by 24h postinjection and reached its peak (0.920+/-0.115 pmol/g tissue) temporarily at second stage of maturation (SSM) by 36 h postinjection and then sharply declined to the prestimulation levels during OV stage by 48 h postinjection. In addition to our previous findings, the present results indicate that 17,20 beta-P is the MIH in yellowtail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahman
- Department of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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24
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Mita M, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y, Maekawa M, Saito M, Saneyoshi M. Interaction of N1-substituted adenines with 1-methyladenine receptors of starfish oocytes in induction of maturation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 130:427-34. [PMID: 11567906 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Starfish oocytes are arrested naturally in the late G(2) phase of the first meiotic division. In response to the natural maturation-inducing hormone, 1-methyladenine (1-MA), oocytes undergo reinitiation of meiosis with germinal vesicle breakdown. We tested 10 newly synthesized N1-substituted adenines that are 1-MA analogues to analyze the interaction between 1-MA and its stereo-specific receptors on the oocyte plasma membranes of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. Among these analogues, 1-(beta-naphthylmethyl)adenine, 1-aminoadenine and 1-(p-nitrobenzyl)adenine played agonistic roles in the induction of oocyte maturation. 1-(o-Nitrobenzyl)adenine, 1-(m-nitrobenzyl)adenine, 1-phenethyladenine and 1-(p-nitrophenethyl)adenine had antagonist effects on 1-MA-induced oocyte maturation. These agonists and antagonists behaved competitively in the binding of [3H]1-MA to receptors in oocyte cortices. In contrast, 1-(alpha-naphthylmethyl)adenine, 1-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)adenine and 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)adenine had no effects on oocyte maturation. Our results suggest that regional-specific sterical structures at the N1-site of adenine are important in the interaction between 1-MA and its receptors in oocytes. In addition, a negative charge at the N1-site of adenine is required for binding with the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mita
- Teikyo Junior College, 6-31-1 Honmachi, Shibuya-ku, 151-0092, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Hirai T, Oba Y, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y, Mita M. cDNA cloning of GTH receptor family in starfish ovaries. ZYGOTE 2001; 8 Suppl 1:S54-5. [PMID: 11191311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Uenohara, Japan
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26
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Mita M, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Role of Ecto-ATP Diphosphohydrolase in Ovarian Follicle Cells of the Starfish Asterina pectinifera. Zoolog Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.18.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yamaguchi A, Yamashita M, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Identification and molecular cloning of germinal vesicle lamin B3 in goldfish (Carassius auratus) oocytes. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:932-9. [PMID: 11179959 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A bulk isolation method was developed to collect a large number of germinal vesicles (GV) from postvitellogenic oocytes of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Using this method, we obtained GV lamina which are resistant to high salt and nonionic detergent. 2D PAGE revealed that the goldfish GV lamina contained several spots with similar molecular masses (67 kDa) and slightly different neutral isoelectrofocusing values (pI 5.8-6.2). After trypsin digestion and extraction of a major spot (pI 6.1), the peptide was subjected to RP-HPLC and sequenced. A homology search identified this spot as a nuclear lamin. A cDNA encoding goldfish GV lamin was isolated by RT-PCR using degenerate primers designed from the GV lamin tryptic peptide sequence. The goldfish GV lamin cDNA encodes a predicted molecular mass of 67 455 Da with a pI of 5.84. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the amino-acid sequence is most similar to Xenopus oocyte-specific GV lamin B3, but differs from somatic lamins (A, B1 or B2). In contrast to somatic lamins, neither goldfish nor Xenopus GV lamin contain conserved phosphorylation sites for nuclear transport, except the nuclear localization sequence. Therefore, we conclude that the goldfish oocyte GV is mainly comprised of GV-type lamin (the homolog of Xenopus lamin B3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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28
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Shibata Y, Iwamatsu T, Oba Y, Kobayashi D, Tanaka M, Nagahama Y, Suzuki N, Yoshikuni M. Identification and cDNA cloning of alveolin, an extracellular metalloproteinase, which induces chorion hardening of medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs upon fertilization. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:8349-54. [PMID: 10722665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorion hardening is triggered by the contents of cortical alveoli that are released upon fertilization of medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs. We purified the chorion hardening-inducing activity as a single protein from the exudate of cortical alveoli of medaka eggs. This activity was co-purified with proteolytic activity of the chorion protein ZI-1,2. Based on the amino acid sequence of purified protein, we cloned the cDNA of this protein from a medaka ovarian cDNA library. Sequence analyses revealed typical sequence features, a zinc-binding motif and a methionine turn motif, of the astacin metalloproteinase family. We termed this protein "alveolin." Alveolin has a molecular mass of 21.5 kDa deduced by the amino acid sequence and neutral optimal pH range. Alveolin hydrolyzes ZI-1,2. Alveolin activity was strongly inhibited by metal-chelating agents but not by various proteinase inhibitors. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the isolation and identification of the chorion hardening-inducing factor from cortical alveoli exudate of teleost eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shibata
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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29
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Todo T, Ikeuchi T, Kobayashi T, Kajiura-Kobayashi H, Suzuki K, Yoshikuni M, Yamauchi K, Nagahama Y. Characterization of a testicular 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (a spermiation-inducing steroid in fish) receptor from a teleost, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). FEBS Lett 2000; 465:12-7. [PMID: 10620698 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a nuclear 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-DP, spermiation-inducing hormone in fish) receptor (DPR) was, for the first time, isolated from an eel testis cDNA library. The amino acid sequence of DPR shows high homology with those of human and chicken progesterone receptors. The affinity of the bacterial recombinant DPR ligand binding domain protein for 17alpha,20beta-DP is higher than that of progesterone. In transfection experiments using COS7 cells, the DPR showed progestin-dependent activation of transcription. 17alpha,20beta-DP was the most effective activator of transcription. These results indicate that the cDNA encodes a functional eel DPR, and show that 17alpha,20beta-DP has a nuclear receptor-mediated action in eel testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Todo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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30
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Oba Y, Hirai T, Yoshiura Y, Yoshikuni M, Kawauchi H, Nagahama Y. The duality of fish gonadotropin receptors: cloning and functional characterization of a second gonadotropin receptor cDNA expressed in the ovary and testis of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 265:366-71. [PMID: 10558873 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously isolated a cDNA encoding a gonadotropin receptor (sGTH-R) from amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) ovarian follicles. In the present study, we cloned a second gonadotropin receptor (sGTH-RI) from the same RNA preparations. Overall sequence homology between sGTH-RI and sGTH-R is 44%. The highest homology occurs with mammalian FSH receptors (49%). Functional characterization examined in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with sGTH-RI showed the largest increase in cAMP production when exposed to salmon GTH I. These results provide the first evidence in any ectothermic vertebrate, the amago salmon, of the duality of gonadotropin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oba
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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31
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Oba Y, Hirai T, Yoshiura Y, Yoshikuni M, Kawauchi H, Nagahama Y. Cloning, functional characterization, and expression of a gonadotropin receptor cDNA in the ovary and testis of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:584-90. [PMID: 10491336 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A gonadotropin receptor was cloned from amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) ovarian follicles. This receptor (sGTH-R) belongs to the glycoprotein hormone receptor family with a large extracellular and seven-transmembrane domains. Its sequence homology is highest with mammalian LH receptors. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that sGTH-R is grouped with mammalian and chicken FSH and LH receptors, but not with mammalian TSH receptors. sGTH-R is expressed dominantly in the ovary and testis. Functional characterization examined with transiently transfected mammalian cells revealed increased intracellular cAMP level when exposed to mammalian and fish gonadotropins; the most potent hormone was salmon GTH II. These results indicate that the cloned cDNA encodes a functional amago salmon GTH receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oba
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
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32
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Abstract
1-Methyladenine (1-MeAde), the oocyte maturation-inducing substance of starfish, is produced by ovarian follicle cells upon stimulation with a gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) released from radial nerves. It has been reported that a process of methylation is involved in GSS-induced 1-MeAde production by starfish ovarian follicle cells. The present study sought to identify a possible methyl donor for 1-MeAde biosynthesis in follicle cells of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. When isolated follicle cells were incubated with [methyl-(14)C]methionine (Met), there was an increase in the level of radiolabeled S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). After further incubation with GSS, the [methyl-(14)C]SAM level decreased, concomitant with a marked increase in radiolabeled 1-MeAde production. The amount of [methyl-(14)C]SAM consumed under the influence of GSS was similar to the amount of [methyl-(14)C]1-MeAde produced. Therefore, it is concluded that SAM is a methyl donor for 1-MeAde biosynthesis in starfish ovarian follicle cells. On the other hand, it is likely that the purine molecule of 1-MeAde is not derived from SAM but from ATP. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a potent inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, also caused a reduction in the level of radiolabeled SAM following 1-MeAde production. This suggests that the methylation process of 1-MeAde biosynthesis in starfish ovarian follicle cells upon stimulation with GSS is mediated by a second messenger, cyclic AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mita
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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33
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Hirai T, Oba Y, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y, Mita M. cDNA cloning of GTH receptor family from ovaries of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Abstract
1-Methyladenine (1-MeAde), the oocyte maturation-inducing substance in starfish, is produced by ovarian follicle cells upon stimulation with a gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) released from the radial nerves. We have shown previously that GSS causes a reduction in the intracellular levels of ATP coincident with 1-MeAde production. The present study examined whether the adenine molecule of 1-MeAde is directly derived from ATP. When isolated follicle cells from the starfish Asterina pectinifera were preloaded with [U-14C]adenine or [U-14C]adenosine, there was an increase in the intracellular levels of radiolabeled adenine nucleotides, particularly ATP. Following further incubation with GSS, the intracellular levels of radiolabeled ATP decreased, concomitant with a marked increase in the levels of [14C]1-MeAde in the medium. The amount of ATP consumed under the influence of GSS was similar to the amount of 1-MeAde produced. However, there was no change in the levels of ADP and AMP regardless of the presence or absence of GSS. These findings strongly suggest that 1-MeAde is synthesized from ATP as a substrate in follicle cells under the influence of GSS. Furthermore, using [methyl-3H]methionine, the methyl group of 1-MeAde was found to be derived from methionine. Thus GSS appears to stimulate the synthesis of 1-MeAde from ATP via the methylation process in starfish ovarian follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mita
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
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35
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Guan G, Tanaka M, Todo T, Young G, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Cloning and expression of two carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase cDNAs in ovarian follicles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255:123-8. [PMID: 10082666 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In salmonid fish, 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-HSD) is a key enzyme involved in the production of oocyte maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. Here we report the isolation of two cDNAs which encode proteins with high homology to carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-HSD (CR/20beta-HSD) from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ovarian follicles. Genomic DNA analysis showed that the two CR/20beta-HSD cDNAs are derived from two different genes. Northern blot and RT PCR analysis demonstrated that trout CR/20beta-HSDs are broadly expressed in various tissues. Enzymatic characterization using recombinant CR/20beta-HSD proteins produced in E. coli showed that the product of one of the two cDNAs had both 20beta-HSD and CR activity, but the other had neither activity. Although the functional significance of the two genes remains unresolved, these results clearly demonstrate the presence of two distinct CR/20beta-HSD transcripts in the trout ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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36
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Mita M, Yasumasu I, Saneyoshi M, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Production of the Oocyte Maturation-Inducing Substance of Starfish by Heat Treatment of S-Adenosylmethionine. Zoolog Sci 1998; 15:117-22. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.15.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/1997] [Accepted: 11/28/1997] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Oba Y, Yoshikuni M, Tanaka M, Mita M, Nagahama Y. Inhibitory guanine-nucleotide-binding-regulatory protein alpha subunits in medaka (Oryzias latipes) oocytes--cDNA cloning and decreased expression of proteins during oocyte maturation. Eur J Biochem 1997; 249:846-53. [PMID: 9395335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that pertussis-toxin-sensitive inhibitory guanine-nucleotide-binding-regulatory proteins (G proteins) are involved in the signal transduction of steroidal maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) oocytes, 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-DP) [Yoshikuni, M. & Nagahama, Y. (1994) Dev. Biol. 166, 615-622]. In this study, we obtained five different cDNA fragments of G protein alpha subunits from medaka (Oryzias latipes) intact ovarian follicles (three subtypes of G(i alpha), G(i alpha a), G(i alpha b) and G(i alpha c); two subtypes of G(s alpha), G(s alpha d), and G(s alpha e)). Using a newly developed extraction method for medaka oocyte RNA, we demonstrated that oocytes expressed both G(i alpha a) and G(i alpha c), but not G(i alpha b). Full-length cDNA clones for G(i alpha a) and G(i alpha c) were then isolated from a medaka ovarian follicle cDNA library. The predicted amino acid sequences of G(i alpha a) and G(i alpha c) exhibited significant similarity with G(i alpha1) and G(i alpha2) of other species, respectively. Both G(i alpha a) and G(i alpha c) possessed a specific Cys residue in the C-terminal region that was the site for ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin. G(o alpha), another G protein that is ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin, was not detected in oocytes, although it was expressed in brain tissue. Western blot analyses using a specific antibody against G(i alpha1) and G(i alpha2) subunit proteins revealed that in both medaka and rainbow trout G(i alpha) subunit protein (40 kDa) contents were abundant in plasma membranes of postvitellogenic immature oocytes, decreased in mature oocytes, and were absent in ovulated eggs. Furthermore, specific 17alpha,20beta-DP binding to plasma membranes was higher in postvitellogenic immature oocytes than in ovulated eggs. Taken together, these results suggest that G(i alpha a) and/or G(i alpha c) may be involved in the transduction of the signal from 17alpha,20beta-DP receptors during oocyte maturation of fish oocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Brain/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/biosynthesis
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hydroxyprogesterones/metabolism
- Hydroxyprogesterones/pharmacology
- Meiosis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oocytes/metabolism
- Oryzias/genetics
- Oryzias/metabolism
- Pertussis Toxin
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oba
- Department of Molecular Biomechanics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
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38
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Abstract
We have cloned a full length cDNA coding for the activin type IIB receptor (GactRIIB) from the goldfish ovary. GactRIIB shares 73 and 70% amino acid identity in the extracellular domain, and 78 and 80% identity in the intracellular domain with the type IIB receptors of the mouse and Xenopus respectively. The intracellular domain of GactRIIB contains two serine kinase consensus sequences, DFKSRN and GTRRYMAPE, in agreement with the reports in other vertebrates that serine/threonine phosphorylation is involved in activin signal transduction. The identity of GactRIIB was confirmed by transient expression in the COS cells followed by activin binding. Iodinated human activin A bound to the GactRIIB-transfected cells and the binding could be completely inhibited by unlabeled activin. Affinity labeling revealed a band of about 85 kDa, which is in agreement with the reported type II receptors in other vertebrates. Together with the fact that activin is expressed in the goldfish ovary, the cloning of activin receptors from the ovary suggests paracrine and autocrine roles for activin in the goldfish ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ge
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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39
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Jiang JQ, Yamashita M, Yoshikuni M, Fukada S, Nagahama Y. Organization of Cytoplasmic Microtubules during Maturation of Goldfish Oocytes. Zoolog Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.13.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Yamaguchi T, Nishimura S, Takahashi K, Yoshikuni M, Masaki J, Hirai T, Saneyoshi M. DNA polymerase betas from liver and testes of cherry salmon, Oncorhynchus masou: purification and characterization of DNA polymerase betas with acidic isoelectric points. J Biochem 1996; 119:186-92. [PMID: 8907195 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase betas from cherry salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, liver and testes were purified to near homogeneity, and no substantial differences between the enzymes were observed. The molecular weight of both enzymes, determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 39,000. The amino acid sequences of the N-terminus of the liver and testes enzymes were determined and compared with that of the rat enzyme. Of the N-terminal 30 amino acid residues of salmon liver DNA polymerase beta, 21 (70%) were identical to those of the rat enzyme sequence. However, unlike most eukaryotic DNA polymerase betas, the isoelectric points (pIs) of the DNA polymerase betas from salmon liver and testes were both estimated to be 6.2, which is significantly different from the alkaline isoelectric points (pI = 8.5-9.5) established for other highly purified vertebrate DNA polymerase betas. The cherry salmon DNA polymerase betas were still active at below 10 degrees C, compared with the rat enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Nishi-Tokyo University, Uenohara, Yamanashi
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41
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Abstract
This chapter has briefly reviewed the current status of investigations on the hormonal regulation of oocyte growth and maturation in fish (see Figs. 4 and 9). Pituitary gonadotropins are of primary importance in triggering these processes in fish oocytes. In both cases, however, the actions of gonadotropins are not direct, but are mediated by the follicular production of steroidal mediators, estradiol-17 beta (oocyte growth) and 17 alpha,20 beta-DP or 20 beta-S (oocyte maturation). Investigators have established that both estradiol-17 beta and 17 alpha,20 beta-DP are biosynthesized by salmonid ovarian follicles via an interaction of two cell layers, the thecal and granulosa cell layers (two-cell-type model). The granulosa cell layers are the site of production of these two steroidal mediators, but their production depends on the provision of precursor steroids by the thecal cell layers. A distinct steroidogenic shift from estradiol-17 beta to 17 alpha,20 beta-DP, occurring in salmonid ovarian follicles immediately prior to oocyte maturation, is a prerequisite for the growing oocytes to enter the maturation stage, and requires a complex and integrated network of gene regulation involving cell specificity, hormonal regulation, and developmental patterning. The cDNAs for most of the steroidogenic enzymes responsible for estradiol-17 beta and 17 alpha,20 beta-DP biosynthesis have been cloned from rainbow trout ovaries. Our next task is to determine how gonadotropin and other factors act on ovarian follicle cells to turn the expression of these specific genes on and off at specific times during oocyte growth and maturation. Increasing evidence now suggests that a variety of neuromodulatory, autocrine, and paracrine factors may also be involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis in fish ovarian follicles. Molecular biological technologies should be applied to identify these substances. Of considerable interest is the finding that MIH, unlike most steroid hormones, acts on its receptors at the surface of oocytes. Further studies of the association of the MIH-MIH receptor complex with a Gi protein, probably resulting in the inactivation of adenylate cyclase, should lead to a discovery of a new mechanism of steroid hormone action. The early steps following MIH action involve the formation of the major cytoplasmic mediator of MIH, MPF. Fish MPF, like that of Xenopus and starfish, consists of two components: cdc2 kinase and cyclin B. Nevertheless, the mechanism of MIH-induced MPF activation in fish oocytes differs from that in Xenopus and starfish because the appearance of cyclin B protein is a crucial step for 17 alpha,20 beta-DP-induced oocyte maturation in fish.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagahama
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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42
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Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Involvement of an inhibitory G-protein in the signal transduction pathway of maturation-inducing hormone (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) action in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) oocytes. Dev Biol 1994; 166:615-22. [PMID: 7813780 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1994.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism by which the hormone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17 alpha,20 beta-DP) acts on a receptor on the external surface of rainbow trout oocytes to induce maturation, the interaction between 17 alpha,20 beta-DP receptors and G-proteins was examined. Pertussis toxin (PT) catalyzed the ADP ribosylation of a 40-kDa protein in crude membranes from rainbow trout postvitellogenic oocytes, and cholera toxin (CT) labeled several proteins, including a major protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa. The 40-kDa protein was recognized by an antibody against the alpha subunit of inhibitory G-proteins (Gi), whereas the 43-kDa protein was recognized by an antibody against the alpha subunit of stimulatory G-proteins (Gs). Treating the membrane fraction with 17 alpha,20 beta-DP decreased the PT-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of the 40-kDa protein. In contrast, there was no significant change in the CT-catalyzed ribosylation of the 43-kDa protein after exposure to 17 alpha,20 beta-DP. The specific binding of 17 alpha,20 beta-DP to membrane fractions was decreased by PT. 17 alpha,20 beta-DP binding was also inhibited by nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs such as guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) and guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp), but not by either ATP or guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP beta S). Scatchard analysis revealed that GppNHp induced a 3.8-fold increase in the dissociation constant without a significant change in the number of binding sites, suggesting that the GppNHp-induced decrease in 17 alpha,20 beta-DP binding is due to the decrease in binding affinity between 17 alpha,20 beta-DP and its receptors. We conclude that the PT-sensitive Gi is involved in the signal transduction pathway of 17 alpha,20 beta-DP in rainbow trout oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshikuni
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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43
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Yoshikuni M, Matsushita H, Shibata N, Nagahama Y. Purification and characterization of 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one binding protein from plasma of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1994; 96:189-96. [PMID: 7851718 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1994.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-DP) (the natural maturation-inducing hormone of salmonid fish) binding protein (DBP) was purified from rainbow trout plasma. It had an apparent molecular weight of 110 kDa on native PAGE and was composed of two subunits with molecular weights of 50 and 55 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Enzymatic digestion of sugar chains converted both subunits to a single peptide with a molecular weight of 42.5 kDa. Scatchard analysis of 17 alpha,20 beta-DP binding to purified DBP showed the presence of a single binding site with a Kd of 21 nM and Bmax of 5 nmol/mg of protein. The affinities of various steroids were estimated by the displacement of [3H]17 alpha,20 beta-DP binding in the decreasing order of 17 alpha,20 beta-DP, testosterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, 17 alpha,20 beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, and cortisol. We conclude that DBP is a sex-hormone binding globulin in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshikuni
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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44
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Abstract
The involvement of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) and adenylyl cyclase in the gonadotropin stimulation of cAMP was investigated using crude membrane fractions from granulosa cells of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) postvitellogenic ovarian follicles. Although cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation occurred in 45- and 50-kDa proteins, only the former was recognized by an antibody against the alpha-subunit of Gs. With pertussis toxin, only the 41-kDa protein was ADP-ribosylated. This 41-kDa protein was recognized by an antibody against the alpha-subunit of Gi. Partially purified chum salmon gonadotropin (SGA) stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in crude membrane preparations of granulosa cells only in the presence of pertussis toxin in the incubation medium. Adenosine inhibited adenylyl cyclase in the presence of GTP and pertussis toxin reversed it. Unlike SGA, forskolin, which acts upon adenylyl cyclase without G-protein interaction, markedly stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in the absence of pertussis toxin. These results provide evidence that both stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) regulation by adenylyl cyclase operates in the granulosa cells of amago salmon postvitellogenic ovarian follicles. It is possible that, although a stimulatory receptor interacts with Gs, its activity is influenced by the functional state of Gi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mita
- Teikyo Junior College, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Furukawa K, Inagaki H, Naruge T, Tabata S, Tomida T, Yamaguchi A, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y, Hotta Y. cDNA cloning and functional characterization of a meiosis-specific protein (MNS1) with apparent nuclear association. Chromosome Res 1994; 2:99-113. [PMID: 8032679 DOI: 10.1007/bf01553489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that cytoskeleton and karyoskeleton proteins are associated with changes in cell shape and with the rearrangement of the dynamic structures involved in cell division and motility. In higher vertebrates, there are three major skeletal protein groups: microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments, each representing a multigene family. Some of these skeletal proteins are expressed in a temporally- and spatially-specific fashion, and they establish cell-specific cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic organization during development. Here we report the cDNA cloning of a novel 60 kDa skeletal protein from mouse spermatocytes, termed MNS 1 (meiosis-specific nuclear structural protein), whose computer-predicted protein configuration indicates long alpha-helical coiled-coil domains flanked by non-helical terminal domains. Functional characterization of MNS1 by ectopic expression in culture cells indicated that it is a detergent- and high salt-resistant skeletal protein which is involved in organization of the nuclear or perinuclear architecture. The MNS1 protein is specifically expressed at the pachytene stage during spermatogenesis, so that its function may involve the determination and maintenance of the appropriate nuclear morphology during meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Furukawa
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
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46
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Yoshikuni M, Shibata N, Nagahama Y. Specific binding of [(3)H]17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to oocyte cortices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem 1993; 11:15-24. [PMID: 24202456 DOI: 10.1007/bf00004546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Specific binding of [(3)H]17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-DP) to plasma membranes prepared from defolliculated oocytes of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) was identified and characterized. Binding was rapid and reached equilibrium in 30 min. 17α,20β-DP strongly inhibited [(3)H] 17α,20β-DP binding in a competitive manner. Scatchard analysis revealed two different binding sites: a high affinity binding site with a Kd of 18 nM and a Bmax of 0.2 pmoles/mg protein; and a low affinity binding site with a Kd of 0.5 μM and a Bmax of 1 pmoles/mg protein. This binding activity was successfully solubilized with n-heptyl-β-D-thioglucoside. [(3)H]17α,20β-DP binding to solubilized preparations reached equilibrium in 1h, and was competitively inhibited with 17α,20β-DP and 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. However, Scatchard analysis showed a single binding site with a Kd of 0.3 μM. The reason for the disappearance of the high affinity binding site in solubilized preparations remains unclear. These results demonstrate that a specific binding site for 17α,20β-DP exists in the plasma membrane of rainbow trout oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshikuni
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444, Japan
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Nagahama Y, Yoshikuni M, Yamashita M, Sakai N, Tanaka M. Molecular endocrinology of oocyte growth and maturation in fish. Fish Physiol Biochem 1993; 11:3-14. [PMID: 24202455 DOI: 10.1007/bf00004545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary gonadotropins (GTHs) are of primary importance in triggering oocyte growth and maturation. However, the actions of GTHs are not direct, but are mediated by the ovarian production of steroidal mediators of oocyte growth (estradiol-17β) and maturation (maturation-inducing hormone, MIH; 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17α,20β-DP in salmonid fishes; 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20β-S in sciaenid fishes). It is established that production of estradiol-17β and 17α,20β-DP by salmonid ovarian follicles occurs via the interaction of two cell layers, the thecal and granulosa cell layers (two-cell type model). A distinct shift in the salmonid steroidogenesis from estradiol-17β to 17α,20β-DP occurs in the ovarian follicle layer immediately prior to oocyte maturation. It is possible that this shift is a consequence of dramatic changes in the expression of the genes encoding various steroidogenic enzymes. As an initial step to address this question, we have isolated and characterized the cDNAs encoding a number of ovarian steroidogenic enzymes including the rainbow trout cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase cytochrome P-450, aromatase cytochrome P-450 cDNAS as well as the pig 20β-HSD cDNA.Estradiol-17β stimulates the hepatic synthesis and secretion of a yolk precursor, vitellogenin. Vitellogenin is then transported to the ovary where it is selectively taken up into the oocyte by a receptor-mediated process involving specific cell-surface receptors. Estradiol-17β was also shown to induce the synthesis of egg membrane proteins in the liver. The maturation-inducing action of 17α,20β-DP and 20β-S is through the binding to the oocyte plasma membrane. This initial MIH-surface interaction is followed by the formation of the major mediator of MIH, maturation-promoting factor (MPF). We have purified MPF from mature oocytes of carp. Carp MPF consists of two components: the homolog of the cdc2(+) gene product of fission yeast (p34(cdc2)) and cyclin B. The cdc2 kinase protein is present in immature oocytes as well as in oocytes induced to mature by 17α,20β-DP treatment, while cyclin B proteins can be detected only in mature oocytes. Addition of bacterially expressed goldfish cyclin B to the extracts of immature goldfish oocytes induced MPF activation. These results suggest that the appearance of cyclin B protein is a crucial step for 17α,20β-DP-induced oocyte maturation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagahama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444, Japan
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Shibata N, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Vitellogenin Incorporation into Oocytes of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in Vitro: Effect of Hormones on Denuded Oocytes. (vitellogenin/oocyte growth/insulin/thyroxine/rainbow trout). Dev Growth Differ 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1993.00115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hirai T, Yamashita M, Yoshikuni M, Lou YH, Nagahama Y. Cyclin B in fish oocytes: its cDNA and amino acid sequences, appearance during maturation, and induction of p34cdc2 activation. Mol Reprod Dev 1992; 33:131-40. [PMID: 1418982 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080330204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Under the influence of maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) secreted from follicle cells, oocyte maturation is finally triggered by maturation-promoting factor (MPF), which consists of a homolog of the cdc2+ gene product of fission yeast (p34cdc2) and cyclin B. Two species of cyclin B clones were isolated from a cDNA library constructed from mature goldfish oocytes. Sequence comparisons revealed that these two clones are highly homologous (95%) and were found to be similar to Xenopus cyclin B1. Using monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli-produced goldfish cyclin B and the PSTAIR sequence of p34cdc2, we examined the levels of cyclin B and p34cdc2 proteins during goldfish oocyte maturation induced in vitro by 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha, 20 beta-DP), a natural MIH in fish. Protein p34cdc2 was found in immature oocyte extracts and did not remarkably change during oocyte maturation. Cyclin B was not detected in immature oocyte extracts and appeared when oocytes underwent germinal vesicle breakdown. Cyclin B that appeared during oocyte maturation was labelled with [35S]methionine, indicating its de novo synthesis. Introduction of E. coli-produced cyclin B into immature oocyte extracts induced p34cdc2 (MPF) activation. Although the possibility that immature goldfish oocytes contain an insoluble cyclin B is not completely excluded, these results strongly suggest that 17 alpha, 20 beta-DP induces oocytes to synthesize cyclin B, which in turn activates preexisting p34cdc2, forming active MPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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Hirai T, Yamashita M, Yoshikuni M, Tokumoto T, Kajiura H, Sakai N, Nagahama Y. Isolation and characterization of goldfish cdk2, a cognate variant of the cell cycle regulator cdc2. Dev Biol 1992; 152:113-20. [PMID: 1339336 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(92)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the goldfish cdk2, a cognate variant of the cell cycle regulator cdc2. The predicted protein sequence shows strong homology to the other known cdk2 (88% for Xenopus and 90% for human). A monoclonal antibody against the C-terminal sequence of goldfish cdk2 recognized a 34-kDa protein in extracts from various goldfish tissues. The protein level was high in such tissues as testis and ovary containing actively dividing cells. Protein cdk2 binds to p13sucl, the fission yeast suc1+ gene product, but not to cyclin B, with which cdc2 forms a complex. The kinase activity of cdk2 increased 30-fold when oocytes matured, although its protein level did not remarkably change. Anti-cdk2 immunoprecipitates from 32P-labeled mature oocyte extracts contained a 47-kDa protein, which was not recognized by either anti-cyclin A or anti-cyclin B antibody, indicating complex formation of cdk2 with a protein other than cyclins A or B.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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