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Scapin E, Sarri DRA, Augusco MAC, Rodrigues MAM, Fernandes RMN, Silva JFM, Cardoso CAL, Rambo MKD. Phytochemical analysis, toxicity and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves of Dipteryx alata Vogel. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e278004. [PMID: 38511776 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.278004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, our objective was to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical analysis, determine toxicity levels, and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts derived from the leaves of Dipteryx alata Vogel, a native species of the Brazilian cerrado flora. Three distinct extracts were prepared utilizing assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Ultrasound Crude Extract (UCE), Soxhlet Crude Extract (SCE), and the Soxhlet Ethanol Extract (SEE). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins in all extracts. Additionally, alkaloids were specifically identified in the SCE and SEE extracts. In the analysis using LC-DAD, the compounds gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and kampefrol were determined in higher concentrations in the SCE, followed by the SEE and UCE, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all extracts, with UCE and SCE showing a higher concentration of β-sitosterol. SCE showed the highest concentration of all identified compounds. In the analysis of antioxidant activity by DPPH• and ABTS•+, SEE showed greater efficiency (IC50 = 2.98 ± 2.92 and 6.57 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively). In the toxicity test with Allium cepa, all extracts stimulated root growth at 50 g/mL; UCE and SEE stimulated root growth at 250 g/mL; and SEE inhibited root growth at 750 g/mL. In the Artemia salina toxicity, all extracts were non-toxic. Antibacterial activity was identified in the microorganisms S. aureus and S. mutans; however, the extracts did not show antifungal action against the strain of C. albicans. The extracts of D. alata have therapeutic potential for applicability in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scapin
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Ambiente - CIAMB, Palmas, TO, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Química, Palmas, TO, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - D R A Sarri
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Ambiente - CIAMB, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - M A C Augusco
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Ambiente - CIAMB, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - M A M Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Química, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - R M N Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - J F M Silva
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos e Ciências da Saúde, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - C A L Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - M K D Rambo
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Ambiente - CIAMB, Palmas, TO, Brasil
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Maxfield M, Celaya R, Andrade E, Rodrigues MAM, Santos AS, Ferreira LMM. Short communication: Utilisation of n-alkanes to estimate feed intake in horses fed known amounts of a labelled concentrate supplement. Animal 2022; 16:100571. [PMID: 35752156 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of feed intake in stabled horses is a difficult task to accomplish. Faecal markers, namely n-alkanes, have been used successfully for the estimation of this important nutritional parameter. This usually involves the dosing of synthetic n-alkanes via different matrices, a laborious task that may also influence the animal normal foraging behaviour. An experiment was conducted to evaluate a relative simple methodology to quantify feed intake in horses, based on the provision of measured amounts of a concentrate supplement labelled with beeswax and the utilisation of n-alkanes as faecal markers. Four Lusitano horses were used in three consecutive experimental periods. Animals were fed on cereal straw and different proportions of a previously prepared beeswax-labelled concentrate supplement (BLCS; 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20, DM basis). Beeswax labelling was performed to provide a distinct n-alkane profile for the concentrate feed. Prior to feed intake calculations, proportions of labelled concentrate supplement in the diets were estimated using n-alkanes C25 to C33 by least-square optimisation procedures. Results showed that the beeswax labelling resulted in high n-alkane concentrations in the concentrate feed, especially for the odd-chain n-alkanes. Estimates of diet composition did not differ from the measured values, except for the diet with highest BLCS incorporation, with an underestimation of 10%. DM intake was accurately estimated by the "labelled supplement method" in all diets. However, for the lowest BLCS incorporation, DM intake was underestimated by 16% whereas for the higher levels of BLCS in the diet, measured and estimated DM intake values were almost identical with a slight overestimation of only 0.7 and 0.2% (10 and 20% of BLCS, respectively). Results indicate that both diet composition and feed intake can be accurately estimated in horses using the "labelled supplement method", even when very low levels of the labelled concentrate supplement are included in the animals' diet. This method eliminates the need for daily dosing with external synthetic markers, providing advantages in terms of minimising animal management and interference with their normal foraging behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maxfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - R Celaya
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Asturias, Spain
| | - E Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil
| | - M A M Rodrigues
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A S Santos
- FeedInov CoLab (Innovation and Research in Animal Feeding and Nutrition), Santarém, Portugal
| | - L M M Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal.
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de Moura NA, Caetano BFR, Bidinotto LT, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Synbiotic supplementation attenuates the promoting effect of indole-3-carbinol on colon tumorigenesis. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:493-501. [PMID: 34463193 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3 carbinol (I3C) has shown dual effects on the promotion and progression stages of colon carcinogenesis while synbiotics (Syn) have exerted anti-carcinogenic activities in most rodent studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of I3C given alone or together with a Syn intervention on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis. All animals were given four subcutaneous DMH injections (4×40 mg/kg bodyweight, twice a week for two weeks) and then received either basal diet (G1), basal diet containing I3C (1g/kg chow) (G2) or basal diet containing I3C+Syn (I3C + inulin 50g/kg chow + Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12®), 2.5×1010 cfu/g of basal diet), (G3) for 21 weeks. Dietary I3C (G2) significantly increased tumour volume and cell proliferation when compared to the DMH control group (G1). Syn intervention (G3) significantly reduced tumour volume and cell proliferation when compared to I3C (G2). The colon tumours found were classified into well-differentiated tubular adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Dietary I3C or I3C+Syn did not significantly affect the incidence and the multiplicity of tumours in comparison with the DMH control group. Furthermore, Syn intervention (G3) increased Gstm1 and reduced Mapk9 gene expression in colonic tumours. The findings of the present study show that the dietary I3C shows a weak promoting activity, while the combination with Syn ameliorates I3C effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A de Moura
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - B F R Caetano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L T Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M A M Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Lacerda CF, Cruvinel-Carloni A, de Oliveira ATT, Scapulatempo-Neto C, López RVM, Crema E, Adad SJ, Rodrigues MAM, Henry MACA, Guimarães DP, Reis RM. Mutational profile of TP53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with chagasic megaesophagus. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-9. [PMID: 28375484 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dow040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chaga's disease is an important communicable neglected disease that is gaining wider attention due to its increasing incidence worldwide. Achalasia due to chagasic megaesophagus (CM), a complication of this disease, is a known-yet, poorly understood-etiological factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. In this study, we aimed to perform the analysis of TP53 mutations in a series of Brazilian patients with ESCC that developed in the context CM (ESCC/CM), and to compare with the TP53 mutation profile of patients with benign CM and patients with nonchagasic ESCC. Additionally, we intended to correlate the TP53 mutation results with patient's clinical pathological features. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing of the hotspot regions of TP53 (exon 5 to 8), we found that TP53 mutations were present in 40.6% (13/32) of the ESCC/CM group, 45% (18/40) of the nonchagasic ESCC group, and in only 3% (1/33) of the benign CM group. Missense mutations were the most common in the three groups, yet, the type and mutated exon mutation varied significantly among the groups. Clinically, the groups exhibited distinct features, with both cancer groups (ESCC and ESCC/CM) been significantly associated higher consumption of alcohol and tobacco, older age, worse Karnofsky performance status, poor outcome than the patients with benign CM. No significant association was found between TP53 mutation profile and clinical-pathological features in any of the three groups. We describe first the time the analysis of TP53 mutations in ESCC that developed in the context of CM, and the observed high frequency of mutations, suggest that TP53 also plays an important role in the tumorigenic process of this unexplored etiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lacerda
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Cruvinel-Carloni
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - C Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R V M López
- Centre for Researcher Support, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Crema
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UFTM -Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S J Adad
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UFTM -Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M A M Rodrigues
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A C A Henry
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D P Guimarães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Correa Silva RGS, Machado NC, Carvalho MA, Rodrigues MAM. Helicobacter pylori infection is high in paediatric nonulcer dyspepsia but not associated with specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:e228-31. [PMID: 26821362 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal symptoms is debatable in childhood. We examined the potential relationship between H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal symptoms in Brazilian children with nonulcer dyspepsia. METHODS This prospective observational study analysed 240 Brazilian children and adolescents (68.7% girls) with chronic nonulcer dyspepsia, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy. Their mean age was 9.8 years (range 4-17). Upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, burning, early satiety, belching and weigh loss, were evaluated by a questionnaire and H. pylori infection was determined by histopathology of gastric biopsies. RESULTS H. pylori infection was identified in 123/240 patients (52%). There was no significant association between the H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal symptoms and no relationship between the infection and abdominal pain or pain characteristics. However, nausea was significantly associated with the H. pylori infection, with an odds ratio of 1.76 and 95% confidence interval of 1.1-2.94 p < 0.03. Symptoms lasting longer than 12 months were significantly more frequent in children with pangastritis than in those with antral gastritis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high in Brazilian children with nonulcer dyspepsia, but was not associated with specific signs and symptoms, except for nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- RGS Correa Silva
- Gastroenterology Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Botucatu Medical School; Unesp; Univ Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - NC Machado
- Gastroenterology Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Botucatu Medical School; Unesp; Univ Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - MA Carvalho
- Gastroenterology Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Botucatu Medical School; Unesp; Univ Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - MAM Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology; Botucatu Medical School; Unesp; Univ Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
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Ferreira LMM, Hervás G, Belenguer A, Celaya R, Rodrigues MAM, García U, Frutos P, Osoro K. Comparison of feed intake, digestion and rumen function among domestic ruminant species grazing in upland vegetation communities. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:846-856. [PMID: 27079281 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare feed intake, digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of 5 beef cows, 12 crossed ewes and 12 goats grazing together in spring-early summer on heather-gorse vegetation communities with an adjacent area of improved pasture. Organic matter intake (OMI) and digestibility (OMD) were estimated using alkane markers. Ruminal fluid samples were collected for measuring fermentation parameters, and studying the bacterial community using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Spot samples of urine were taken to determine purine derivative (PD) and creatinine concentrations to estimate microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Herbaceous species were the main dietary component in all animal species. Cattle had higher (p < 0.05) daily OMI (g/kg LW0.75 ) and OMD, whereas sheep and goats showed similar values. The highest ammonia concentration was observed in sheep. Total VFA, acetate and butyrate concentrations were not influenced by animal species, while propionate concentrations in goats were 1.8 times lower (p < 0.05) than in sheep. Acetate:propionate ratio was greater (p < 0.05) in goats, whereas cattle excreted more allantoin (p < 0.05). Estimated supply of microbial N was higher in cows (p < 0.01), whereas the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was lower (p < 0.01) in this animal species. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated a clear effect of animal species on rumen bacterial structure. Differences among animal species were also observed in the relative frequency of several T-RFs. Certain T-RFs compatible with Lachnospiraceae, Proteobacteria and Clostridiales species were not found in goats, while these animals showed high relative frequencies of some fragments compatible with the Ruminococcaceae family that were not detected in sheep and cattle. Results suggest a close relationship between animals' grazing behaviour and rumen bacterial structure and its function. Goats seem to show a greater specialization of their microbial populations to deal with the greater fibrous and tannin content of their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M M Ferreira
- CECAV - Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, León, Spain
| | - A Belenguer
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, León, Spain
| | - R Celaya
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Asturias, Spain
| | - M A M Rodrigues
- CECAV - Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - U García
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Asturias, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, León, Spain
| | - K Osoro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Asturias, Spain
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Barros CR, Rodrigues MAM, Nunes FM, Kasuya MCM, Luz JMRD, Alves A, Ferreira LMM, Pinheiro V, Mourão JL. The Effect of Jatropha Curcas Seed Meal on Growth Performance and Internal Organs Development and Lesions in Broiler Chickens. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635xspecialissuenutrition-poultryfeedingadditives001-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CR Barros
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - MAM Rodrigues
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - FM Nunes
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | | | | | - A Alves
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - LMM Ferreira
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - V Pinheiro
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - JL Mourão
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
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Rodrigues MAM, Lourenço AL, Cone JW, Nunes FM, Santos AS, Cordeiro JMM, Guedes CMV, Ferreira LMM. Evaluation of the nutritive value of muiumba (Baikiaea plurijuga) seeds: chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility and in vitro gas production. Springerplus 2014; 3:311. [PMID: 25019049 PMCID: PMC4087328 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the main constraints hindering the increase of animal production in semi-arid regions of Africa is the inadequate supply of nutrients during the dry season. Incorporation of alternative feed resources in ruminant diets during this period could be a viable approach to overcome these limitations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of muiumba (Baikiaea plurijuga) tree seeds as an alternative nutrient source for ruminants. Muiumba seeds were compared to other eight feedstuffs including two cereal grains (corn and oat), two wheat by-products (wheat bran and distilled wheat) and four protein meals (coconut meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal) as to its chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro gas production. The moderate crude protein concentrations (145 g/kg DM) of muiumba seeds indicate that this feedstuff could not be used as a protein supplement, contrarily to the majority of multipurpose tree seeds. Although the starch content was scarce (15 g/kg DM), the low neutral detergent fibre (235 g/kg DM), low molecular weight sugar (76.1 g/kg DM) and non-starch polysaccharide (510.5 g/kg DM) contents indicate that this feedstuff has potential feeding value. This was confirmed by the IVOMD (0.770) and by the data provided by the in vitro gas production showing that muiumba seeds had high (P < 0.05) maximum gas production and fractional fermentation rates, suggesting that these seeds are characterized by a highly fermentable fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A M Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Veterinary Research Centre, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana L Lourenço
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Veterinary Research Centre, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - John W Cone
- Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Centre, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila-Real, Portugal
| | - Ana S Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Veterinary Research Centre, Universidade Vasco da Gama, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José M M Cordeiro
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade José Eduardo dos Santos, Huambo, Angola
| | - Cristina M V Guedes
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Veterinary Research Centre, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis M M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Veterinary Research Centre, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Lourenço AL, Dias-da-Silva A, Santos AS, Rodrigues MAM, Cone JW, Ferreira LMM. Comparative digestibility of low-quality grass hay by two breeds of cattle differing in mature live weight. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:453-7. [PMID: 23746083 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The digestive capacity of the Portuguese native breed of Barrosão cattle and the Holstein-Friesian breed was measured when fed meadow hay (72-74 g CP and 641-671 g NDF/kg dry matter), offered either alone or supplemented with soya bean meal (150 g/kg dry matter), at maintenance level. Four mature cows of each breed were used. Average initial live weight (LW) was 457 and 635 kg for the Barrosão and the Holstein-Friesian cows respectively. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the meadow hay was higher in Holstein-Friesian than in Barrosão cows (p < 0.08) whether supplemented or not. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility of the hay was also higher in Holstein-Frisian when the hay was fed alone (p < 0.08). The soya bean meal supplementation increased the OMD and the NDFD digestibility of the total diet (p < 0.05), but not the OMD digestibility of the hay (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study suggest a higher ability to digest fibre in the large dairy breed than in the small native breed. This suggestion is also supported by previous findings with sheep breeds largely differing in mature live weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Lourenço
- Department of Animal Science, CECAV-UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Pinto PA, Dias AA, Fraga I, Marques G, Rodrigues MAM, Colaço J, Sampaio A, Bezerra RMF. Influence of ligninolytic enzymes on straw saccharification during fungal pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2012; 111:261-7. [PMID: 22406100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid state and submerged fermentations in the presence of white-rot basidiomycetes (Bjerkandera adusta, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma resinaceum, Irpex lacteus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor and basidiomycete Euc-1) and the litter-decomposing basidiomycete Lepista nuda were evaluated as a pretreatment to increase enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw. Enzymatic hydrolysis of holocellulose after solid state pretreatment showed a significant (P<0.05) increase of saccharification process for T. versicolor, Euc-1, G. resinaceum and I. lacteus, being T. versicolor (strain Tv2) the best one with a sugar yield increase of 91% compared with untreated straw. In submerged medium the pretreatment with I. lacteus, Euc-1 and P. chrysosporium enhanced saccharification but at a lesser extent. Covariance analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase) and saccharification increase. Results showed that only the presence of lignin peroxidase during pretreatment can lead to a significant (P<0.05) increase in the saccharification yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Pinto
- CITAB - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Department of Biology and Environment, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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de Barros CRM, Ferreira LMM, Nunes FM, Bezerra RMF, Dias AA, Guedes CV, Cone JW, Marques GSM, Rodrigues MAM. The potential of white-rot fungi to degrade phorbol esters of Jatropha curcas L. seed cake. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Dias AA, Freitas GS, Marques GSM, Sampaio A, Fraga IS, Rodrigues MAM, Evtuguin DV, Bezerra RMF. Enzymatic saccharification of biologically pre-treated wheat straw with white-rot fungi. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:6045-50. [PMID: 20307975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw was submitted to a pre-treatment by the basidiomycetous fungi Euc-1 and Irpex lacteus, aiming to improve the accessibility of cellulose towards enzymatic hydrolysis via previous selective bio-delignification. This allowed the increase of substrate saccharification nearly four and three times while applying the basidiomycetes Euc-1 and I. lacteus, respectively. The cellulose/lignin ratio increased from 2.7 in the untreated wheat straw to 5.9 and 4.6 after the bio-treatment by the basidiomycetes Euc-1 and I. lacteus, respectively, thus evidencing the highly selective lignin biodegradation. The enzymatic profile of both fungi upon bio-treatment of wheat straw have been assessed including laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, avicelase and feruloyl esterase activities. The difference in efficiency and selectivity of delignification within the two fungi treatments was interpreted in terms of specific lignolytic enzyme profiles and moderate xylanase and cellulolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino A Dias
- CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Department of Biology and Environment, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Dinis MJ, Bezerra RMF, Nunes F, Dias AA, Guedes CV, Ferreira LMM, Cone JW, Marques GSM, Barros ARN, Rodrigues MAM. Modification of wheat straw lignin by solid state fermentation with white-rot fungi. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:4829-35. [PMID: 19450975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential of crude enzyme extracts, obtained from solid state cultivation of four white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderma applanatum and Phlebia rufa), was exploited to modify wheat straw cell wall. At different fermentation times, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), avicelase, xylanase and feruloyl esterase activities were screened and the content of lignin as well as hydroxycinnamic acids in fermented straw were determined. All fungi secreted feruloyl esterase while LiP was only detected in crude extracts from B. adusta. Since no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in remaining lignin content of fermented straw, LiP activity was not a limiting factor of enzymatic lignin removal process. The levels of esterified hydroxycinnamic acids degradation were considerably higher than previous reports with lignocellulosic biomass. The data show that P. rufa, may be considered for more specific studies as higher ferulic and p-coumaric acids degradation was observed for earlier incubation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Dinis
- CECAV-Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Department of Animal Science, Vila Real, Portugal
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Abstract
The mushroom Agaricus blazei (Ab) has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including cancer. No information is available on its possible protective effects on the development of colon cancer. The potential blocking effect of Ab intake on the initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. Male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg bw, twice a week), during 2 weeks to induce ACF. The diet containing Ab at 5% was given 2 weeks before and during carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of this edible mushroom on DMH-induced ACF. All groups were killed at the end of the fourth week. The colons were analyzed for ACF formation in 1% methylene blue whole-mount preparations and for cell proliferation in histological sections immunohistochemically stained for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). All DMH-treated rats developed ACF mainly in the middle and distal colon. Agaricus blazei intake at 5% did not alter the number of ACF induced by DMH or the PCNA indices in the colonic mucosa. Thus, the results of the present study did not confirm a chemopreventive activity of Ab on the initiation stage of rat colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ziliotto
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Dias MC, Spinardi-Barbisan ALT, Rodrigues MAM, de Camargo JLV, Terán E, Barbisan LF. Lack of chemopreventive effects of ginger on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:877-84. [PMID: 16442687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been proposed as a promising candidate for cancer prevention. Its modifying potential on the process of colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was investigated in male Wistar rats using the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) assay. Five groups were studied: Groups 1-3 were given four s.c. injections of DMH (40 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week, during two weeks, whereas Groups 4 and 5 received similar injections of EDTA solution (DMH vehicle). After DMH-initiation, the animals were fed a ginger extract mixed in the basal diet at 0.5% (Group 2) and 1.0% (Groups 3 and 4) for 10 weeks. All rats were killed after 12 weeks and the colons were analyzed for ACF formation and crypt multiplicity. The rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis were also evaluated in epithelial colonic crypt cells. Dietary consumption of ginger at both dose levels did not induce any toxicity in the rats, but ginger meal at 1% decreased significantly serum cholesterol levels (p<0.038). Treatment with ginger did not suppress ACF formation or the number of crypts per ACF in the DMH-treated group. Dietary ginger did not significantly change the proliferative or apoptosis indexes of the colonic crypt cells induced by DMH. Thus, the present results did not confirm a chemopreventive activity of ginger on colon carcinogenesis as analyzed by the ACF bioassay and by the growth kinetics of the colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dias
- UNESP São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil
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Santos AS, Abreu JM, Rodrigues MAM, Dias da Silva AA. The use of faeces as a source of inoculum for the in vitro prediction of the energy value of feeds in horses. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2005. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rodrigues MAM, Silva LAG, Salvadori DMF, De Camargo JLV, Montenegro MR. Aberrant crypt foci and colon cancer: comparison between a short- and medium-term bioassay for colon carcinogenesis using dimethylhydrazine in Wistar rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:351-5. [PMID: 11887213 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon of carcinogen-treated rodents are considered to be the earliest hallmark of colon carcinogenesis. In the present study the relationship between a short-term (4 weeks) and medium-term (30 weeks) assay was assessed in a model of colon carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in the rat. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were given subcutaneous injections of DMH (40 mg/kg) twice a week for 2 weeks and killed at the end of the 4th or 30th week. ACF were scored for number, distribution pattern along the colon and crypt multiplicity in 0.1% methylene-blue whole-mount preparations. ACF were distinguished from normal crypts by their larger size and elliptical shape. The incidence, distribution and morphology of colon tumors were recorded. The majority of ACF were present in the middle and distal colon of DMH-treated rats and their number increased with time. By the 4th week, 91.5% ACF were composed of one or two crypts and 8.5% had three or more crypts, while by the 30th week 46.9% ACF had three or more crypts. Thus, a progression of ACF consisting of multiple crypts was observed from the 4th to the 30th week. Nine well-differentiated adenocarcinomas were found in 10 rats by the 30th week. Seven tumors were located in the distal colon and two in the middle colon. No tumor was found in the proximal colon. The present data indicate that induction of ACF by DMH in the short-term (4 weeks) assay was correlated with development of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas in the medium-term (30 weeks) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
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