1
|
Calvao J, Braga M, Brandao M, Campinas A, Alexandre A, Amador AF, Costa C, Carvalho MM, Pinto RA, Proenca T, Silva JC, Pires-Morais G, Silva MP, Brochado B, Macedo F. Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery – patient characteristics and outcomes. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery (ATOLMCA) is a dramatic entity with very high mortality. Owing to its infrequency, there is limited and inconsistent data regarding this population.
Purpose
To describe the clinical presentation, short- and long-term outcomes of patients with ATOLMCA.
Methods
This retrospective multicentric cohort study included all patients presenting with acute (<12h) myocardial infarction (MI) due to ATOLMCA (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction - TIMI=0) between January 2008 and December 2020 in three tertiary hospitals.
Results
In the period of the study, 11,036 emergent coronary angiographies were performed in the participating centers, 59 of which were ATOLMCA (0.5%). Mean age of patients at the time of the event was 61.2 (±12.2) years. Seventy-three percent were male. At presentation, 72.9% of patients were in cardiogenic shock, and aborted cardiac arrest occurred in 27.1%. Right dominance was present in all patients except one, who had a balanced dominance. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 89.8% of the patients, with angiographic success being achieved in 55.6% of the procedures. Overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was 57.6%. Mortality was significantly higher in patients without angiographic criteria for PCI success (87.5 vs 36.7%, p<0.001). Among survivors, 91.7% were still alive at 1-year and 66.7% at 5 years of follow-up.
Conclusion
Patients with ATOLMCA have a dismal prognosis. Most patients present with cardiogenic shock, and a significant number develop cardiac arrest during the acute phase. Despite medical care, in-hospital mortality is high. Patients with left dominance may not even reach the hospital. Among survivors, long term outcomes are reasonable. Further studies are needed in order to improve the management and outcomes of patients with ATOLMCA.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Calvao
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Braga
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Brandao
- Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
| | - A Campinas
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | | | - C Costa
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - R A Pinto
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| | - T Proenca
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| | - J C Silva
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| | - G Pires-Morais
- Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
| | - M P Silva
- Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
| | - B Brochado
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - F Macedo
- Sao Joao Hospital , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soares AR, Esteves M, Moreira PS, Cunha AM, Guimarães MR, Carvalho MM, Raposo-Lima C, Morgado P, Carvalho AF, Coimbra B, Melo A, Rodrigues AJ, Salgado AJ, Pêgo JM, Cerqueira JJ, Costa P, Sousa N, Almeida A, Leite-Almeida H. Trait determinants of impulsive behavior: a comprehensive analysis of 188 rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17666. [PMID: 30518850 PMCID: PMC6281674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a naturally occurring behavior that, when accentuated, can be found in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The expression of trait impulsivity has been shown to change with a variety of factors, such as age and sex, but the existing literature does not reflect widespread consensus regarding the influence of modulating effects. We designed the present study to investigate, in a cohort of significant size (188 rats), the impact of four specific parameters, namely sex, age, strain and phase of estrous cycle, using the variable delay-to-signal (VDS) task. This cohort included (i) control animals from previous experiments; (ii) animals specifically raised for this study; and (iii) animals previously used for breeding purposes. Aging was associated with a general decrease in action impulsivity and an increase in delay tolerance. Females generally performed more impulsive actions than males but no differences were observed regarding delay intolerance. In terms of estrous cycle, no differences in impulsive behavior were observed and regarding strain, Wistar Han animals were, in general, more impulsive than Sprague-Dawley. In addition to further confirming, in a substantial study cohort, the decrease in impulsivity with age, we have demonstrated that both the strain and sex influences modulate different aspects of impulsive behavior manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marco Rafael Guimarães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Murteira Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catarina Raposo-Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Franky Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Melo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Pêgo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João José Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nunes JC, Carvalho MM, Sugui JK, Queiroz FA, Santana AE, Hata ME, Aiura ALO, Oliveira JA, Queiroz SA. EFFECT OF LITTER SUBSTRATES ON THE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT OF RED-WINGED TINAMOU (RHYNCHOTUS RUFESCENS). Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Nunes
- Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - MM Carvalho
- Environment Department of the city of Diadema, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - ALO Aiura
- State University of Montes Claros, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oliveira MR, Carvalho MM, Silva NB, Yamamoto ME, Chellappa S. Reproductive aspects of the flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis from the Northeastern coastal waters of Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:198-207. [PMID: 25945638 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epipelagic flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis is a major artisanal fishery resource from the Northeastern coastal waters of Brazil. However, biological information about this species has been poorly documented. This paper presents data on the length-weight relationship, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, gonadal development and fecundity of H. affinis sampled from the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The total body length and weight for both sexes ranged from 23.4 to 29.4 cm and from 89 to 188g, respectively. The allometric coefficient of males was 2.208 and that of females was 2.985, indicating negatively allometric growth. The sex ratio was 1M:1.6F thus differing from the expected ratio of 1:1 (χ2 = 18.63). The total length at first sexual maturity was estimated at 27.3 cm for males and 27.1 cm for females. The macroscopic characteristics of the gonads indicated four maturation stages. Histological studies of gonads of H. affinis showed seven phases of oocyte development and four phases of spermatocyte development. The mean absolute fecundity was 9092 vitelogenic oocytes. Spawning occurred during the months of March to July. The microscopic descriptions of the stages of gonad maturation indicate that the study area is an important spawning ground of H. affinis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Center of Bioscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M M Carvalho
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Center of Bioscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - N B Silva
- Department of Morphology, Center of Bioscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M E Yamamoto
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Center of Bioscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - S Chellappa
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Center of Bioscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sevivas N, Serra SC, Portugal R, Teixeira FG, Carvalho MM, Silva N, Espregueira-Mendes J, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Animal model for chronic massive rotator cuff tear: behavioural and histologic analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:608-18. [PMID: 25416674 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT) are usually chronic lesions that present associated degenerative changes of the myotendinous unit that have been implicated in limitations for surgical repair. In order to develop effective therapies, it is important to establish animal models that mimic the hallmarks of the injury itself. Therefore, in the present work, we aimed to (1) optimize a rodent animal model of MRCT that closely reproduces the fatty infiltration of the cuff muscles seen in humans and (2) describe the effects of unilateral or bilateral lesion in terms of histology and behaviour. METHODS Massive tear was defined as two rotator cuff tendons-supraspinatus and infraspinatus-section. Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: bilateral lesion (five animals), right-sided unilateral lesion (five animals), left-sided unilateral lesion (five animals) and control (six animals). Behaviour was analyzed with open field and staircase test, 16 weeks after lesion. After that, animals were killed, and the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were processed. RESULTS Histologic analysis revealed adipocytes, fatty infiltration and atrophy in the injured side with a greater consistency of these degenerative changes in the bilateral lesion group. Behaviour analysis revealed a significant functional impairment of the fine motor control of the forepaw analyzed in staircase test where the number of eaten pellets was significantly higher in sham animals (sham = 7 ± 5.0; left unilateral = 2.6 ± 3.0; right unilateral = 0 ± 0; and bilateral = 0 ± 0, p < 0.05). A trend to reach a lower level of steps, in more injured animals, was also observed (sham animals = 3 ± 1.6 > left unilateral = 2 ± 2.1 > right unilateral = 0.8 ± 1.3 > bilateral = 0.8 ± 1.1). CONCLUSIONS The present study has been able to establish an animal model that disclosed the hallmarks of MRCT. This can now be used as a valuable, cost-effective, pre-clinical instrument to assist in the development of advanced tissue engineered strategies. Moreover, this animal model overcomes some of the limitations of those that have been reported so far and thus represents a more reliable source for the assessment of future therapeutic strategies with potential clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sevivas
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins WR, Carvalho MM, Mota MR, Cipriano GFB, Mendes FAS, Diniz LR, Junior GC, Carregaro RL, Durigan JLQ. Diacutaneous fibrolysis versus passive stretching after articular immobilization: Muscle recovery and extracellular matrix remodelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.13172/2053-0781-1-2-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Rodrigues AJ, Leão P, Pêgo JM, Cardona D, Carvalho MM, Oliveira M, Costa BM, Carvalho AF, Morgado P, Araújo D, Palha JA, Almeida OFX, Sousa N. Mechanisms of initiation and reversal of drug-seeking behavior induced by prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1295-305. [PMID: 21968930 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress and exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) during early life render individuals vulnerable to brain disorders by inducing structural and chemical alterations in specific neural substrates. Here we show that adult rats that had been exposed to in utero GCs (iuGC) display increased preference for opiates and ethanol, and are more responsive to the psychostimulatory actions of morphine. These animals presented prominent changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a key component of the mesolimbic reward circuitry; specifically, cell numbers and dopamine (DA) levels were significantly reduced, whereas DA receptor 2 (Drd2) mRNA expression levels were markedly upregulated in the NAcc. Interestingly, repeated morphine exposure significantly downregulated Drd2 expression in iuGC-exposed animals, in parallel with increased DNA methylation of the Drd2 gene. Administration of a therapeutic dose of L-dopa reverted the hypodopaminergic state in the NAcc of iuGC animals, normalized Drd2 expression and prevented morphine-induced hypermethylation of the Drd2 promoter. In addition, L-dopa treatment promoted dendritic and synaptic plasticity in the NAcc and, importantly, reversed drug-seeking behavior. These results reveal a new mechanism through which drug-seeking behaviors may emerge and suggest that a brief and simple pharmacological intervention can restrain these behaviors in vulnerable individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peixoto MR, Monego ET, Jardim PC, Carvalho MM, Sousa AL, Oliveira JS, Balestra Neto O. Diet and medication in the treatment of hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2001; 76:463-72. [PMID: 11449292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of diet and medication, either isolated or associated, on serum levels of uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia. METHODS We studied patients from the Hypertension Unit of the University of Goias who had hyperuricemia (men > or =8.5 mg/dL and women > or =7.5 mg/dL). We divided the patients into three groups: G1 (low purine diet), G2 (low purine diet + medication), and G3 (medication only). Patients received allopurinol, 150 mg/day titrated up to 300 mg/dL when necessary. Patients were evaluated with regards to their lifestyles (diet, smoking, physical, activity, alcohol consumption), uric acid, blood pressure, use of medication, body mass index, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Follow-up took place in weeks 0 (M1), 6 (M2), 12 (M3) during the intervention and in week 36 (M4) after the study was completed. RESULTS Fifty-five patients participated in the study, 31 women, mean age 54.4+/-10.6 years, body mass index 28.6+/-3.9 kg/m2. A similar reduction (p<0.001) in uric acid levels occurred in the three intervention groups. In week 36 (M4), after 24 weeks without intervention, a tendency toward elevation of uricemia was noted in G2 and G3, and a continuous drop in uricemia was noted in G1. No significant modifications were observed in the other variables analyzed. CONCLUSION Considering the cost x benefit relationship, a diet low in purine should be the 1st therapeutic option for controlling hyperuricemia in patients with similar characteristic to the ones presented in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Peixoto
- Faculdades de Medicina Enfermagem e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Queiroz-Telles F, Silva N, Carvalho MM, Alcântara AP, da Matta D, Barberino MG, Bartczak S, Colombo AL. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in aids patients. Braz J Infect Dis 2001; 5:60-6. [PMID: 11493410 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702001000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was a non-comparative multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of itraconazole oral solution 200 mg/day (100 mg twice a day in the fasting state) for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients. We included 50 patients who were treated and followed for up to 3 weeks after ending therapy in the analysis. Mycological cures at the end of therapy occurred in 20/50 patients (40%), but colonization by Candida sp. was recorded in 42/50 (84%) by the end of follow-up. A high rate of clinical response was observed in 46/50 (92%), and the response was sustained for up to 21 days after stopping therapy in 24/46 patients (52%). Clinical relapses were documented among 22 patients, but all causative fungal organisms associated with a relapse were susceptible to itraconazole. There were many patients with persistence or recurrence of Candida, but without mucositis. Relapse of Candida mucositis was significantly related to low levels of CD(4) lymphocytes exhibited by symptomatic patients. The drug was well tolerated by all but 1 patient. We conclude that itraconazole oral solution (100 mg bid for 7-14 days) is a well tolerated and effective treatment for suppressing the symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients. Patients with severe immunosuppression may relapse and require frequent cycles of treatment or longterm suppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Queiroz-Telles
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Negreiros AN, Carvalho MM, Xavier Filho J, Blanco-Labra A, Shewry PR, Richardson M. The complete amino acid sequence of the major Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of Prosopsis juliflora. Phytochemistry 1991; 30:2829-33. [PMID: 1367792 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)98207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The major inhibitor of trypsin in seeds of Prosopsis juliflora was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, ion-exchange column chromatography on DEAE- and CM-Sepharose and preparative reverse phase HPLC on a Vydac C-18 column. The protein inhibited trypsin in the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, but had only weak activity against chymotrypsin and did not inhibit human salivary or porcine pancreatic alpha-amylases. SDS-PAGE indicated that the inhibitor has a Mr of ca 20,000, and IEF-PAGE showed that the pI is 8.8. The complete amino acid sequence was determined by automatic degradation, and by DABITC/PITC microsequence analysis of peptides obtained from enzyme digestions of the reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein with trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, the Glu-specific protease from S. aureus and the Lys-specific protease from Lysobacter enzymogenes. The inhibitor consisted of two polypeptide chains, of 137 residues (alpha chain) and 38 residues (beta chain) linked together by a single disulphide bond. The amino acid sequence of the protein exhibited homology with a number of Kunitz proteinase inhibitors from other legume seeds, the bifunctional subtilisin/alpha-amylase inhibitors from cereals and the taste-modifying protein miraculin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Negreiros
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|