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Teodoru M, Negrea MO, Cozgarea A, Cozma D, Boicean A. Enhancing Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Risk Stratification Using Machine Learning: The Role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1191. [PMID: 38592029 PMCID: PMC10931603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant public health concern that requires efficient risk estimation to optimize patient care and resource allocation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to show the correlation of NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and PESI (pulmonary embolism severity index)/sPESI (simplified PESI) in determining the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. (2) Methods: A total of 160 patients admitted at the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu from 2019 to 2022 were included and their hospital records were analyzed. (3) Results: Elevated NLR values were significantly correlated with increased in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, elevated NLR was associated with PESI and sPESI scores and their categories, as well as the individual components of these parameters, namely increasing age, hypotension, hypoxemia, and altered mental status. We leveraged the advantages of machine learning algorithms to integrate elevated NLR into PE risk stratification. Utilizing two-step cluster analysis and CART (classification and regression trees), several distinct patient subgroups emerged with varying in-hospital mortality rates based on combinations of previously validated score categories or their defining elements and elevated NLR, WBC (white blood cell) count, or the presence COVID-19 infection. (4) Conclusion: The findings suggest that integrating these parameters in risk stratification can aid in improving predictive accuracy of estimating the in-hospital mortality of PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minodora Teodoru
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.T.); (A.B.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.T.); (A.B.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Andreea Cozgarea
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 300310 Timisoara, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragoș Cozma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 300310 Timisoara, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timișoara, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Boicean
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.T.); (A.B.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
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Negrea MO, Negrea GO, Săndulescu G, Neamtu B, Costea RM, Teodoru M, Cipăian CR, Solomon A, Popa ML, Domnariu CD. Assessing Obesogenic School Environments in Sibiu County, Romania: Adapting the ISCOLE School Environment Questionnaire. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1746. [PMID: 38002837 PMCID: PMC10670591 DOI: 10.3390/children10111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the school environment on childhood weight status has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study aimed to adapt and validate the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) School and Environment questionnaire in order to assess the potential obesogenic impact of school environments in Sibiu County, Romania. The ISCOLE questionnaire was chosen for its rigorous methodology. It was derived from a comprehensive study conducted across 12 countries which aimed to capture multifaceted influences on childhood weight while emphasizing educational settings in the collection of data. To guide the translation and adaptation of the questionnaire, a multidisciplinary committee was assembled which comprised experts in teaching and school administration to ensure target responder relevance, experts in clinical research to ensure methodological robustness, experts in language adaptation to preserve the original intent of the survey, and experts in public health to steer the interpretation of the results, with potential policy implications. The data were analyzed by distinguishing between urban and rural settings, and a two-step cluster analysis was implemented to identify potential intervention targets. To assess the validity of the adapted tool, the questionnaire's construct validity and internal consistency were explored. A response rate of 71.2% of the approached schools in Sibiu County was achieved. Of the 84 responding school representatives, 37 (44%) were from a rural setting. The rural schools had significantly more limited access to gymnasiums, secured lockers, showers, and bicycle racks, and exhibited more serious problems regarding the inadequate disposal of garbage in the school vicinity. A two-step cluster analysis revealed distinct school categories, providing opportunities for public policy interventions. One of these primarily concerned rural schools with limited infrastructure but with proactive practices and policies which were termed "unable but willing"; on the opposing spectrum, the category "able but unwilling" mainly comprised urban schools which had available facilities but lacked local proactive initiatives. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted measures to bridge these discrepancies by investing in infrastructure in rural schools and promoting active school practices and policies in urban settings. The assessment of obesogenic school environments in Sibiu County provides a pilot model for broader applications due to the diverse school landscape and supportive local authorities. The results, which were achieved using low-cost methods, can guide future educational policies, health promotion initiatives, and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (C.R.C.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Săndulescu
- “Gheorghe Lazăr” National College, 1–3 Gheorghe Lazăr Str., 550165 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Neamtu
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (C.R.C.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Raluca Maria Costea
- Department of Clinical Research, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Minodora Teodoru
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (C.R.C.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Călin Remus Cipăian
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (C.R.C.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adelaida Solomon
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (C.R.C.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mirela Livia Popa
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (C.R.C.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Carmen Daniela Domnariu
- Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
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Solomon A, Negrea MO, Cipăian CR, Boicean A, Mihaila R, Rezi C, Cristinescu BA, Berghea-Neamtu CS, Popa ML, Teodoru M, Stoia O, Neamtu B. Interactions between Metabolic Syndrome, MASLD, and Arterial Stiffening: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2696. [PMID: 37830733 PMCID: PMC10572783 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has emerged as a prominent global cause of chronic liver disease and is increasingly recognized as associated with atherosclerotic vascular illness, consolidating its position along traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals with MASLD exhibit a combination of metabolic syndrome risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and increased arterial stiffness, hinting at shared pathogenesis. In this study, we aim to explore liver involvement and arterial stiffness within metabolic syndrome. We enrolled 75 patients (30 male and 45 female) with either liver steatosis on conventional ultrasound, altered liver function tests, or the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors after excluding liver pathology other than MASLD. Clinical evaluation, laboratory measurements, abdominal and carotid ultrasounds, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE, Fibroscan), and assessment with the Arteriograph (Tensiomed) were performed. The 26 patients diagnosed with MetS had significantly higher liver involvement as quantified via the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB4), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) category, and VCTE measurements, as well as Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores which use a combination of clinical and laboratory parameters together with results obtained from VCTE to reflect the probability of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients with MetS also exhibited more pronounced vascular involvement as quantified via arterial stiffness measurements and CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness). We applied a two-step clustering algorithm to enhance our analysis, which gave us pertinent insight into the interplay between metabolic syndrome elements and typologies of hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness degrees. Notably, of the three obtained clusters, the cluster showing increased levels of hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness also exhibited the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its constituting components. The results have significant clinical implications, advocating for a comprehensive diagnostic approach when MetS or MASLD is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Solomon
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Călin Remus Cipăian
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adrian Boicean
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Romeo Mihaila
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Cristina Rezi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
| | | | | | - Mirela Livia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Minodora Teodoru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Oana Stoia
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bogdan Neamtu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
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Negrea MO, Neamtu B, Costea R, Teodoru M, Domnariu C. IGF-1 Levels are Dependent on Age, but Not Weight Status in Children. Maedica (Bucur) 2023; 18:395-398. [PMID: 38023764 PMCID: PMC10674113 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.3.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The intersecting pathways involved in linear growth, glucose, and lipid metabolism may play a key part in the imbalances leading to the dysmetabolic changes observed in obese children, and later adults. The growth-hormone/insulin growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) axis is a prime example in this regard and IGF-1 levels have been shown to correlate with insulin resistance. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a relationship between circulating IGF levels and weight status in children as an independent relationship, regardless of insulin sensitivity. Materials and method: We retrospectively collected data from patients aged 5-12 years referred to the Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu between January 2010 and May 2023, for which IGF-1 levels were documented. We excluded patients with pathologies or medication which could have influenced weight status, glucose and lipid metabolism, or growth hormone secretion, and those with short stature or a growth velocity of under 5 cm a year. Anthropometric measurements were retrieved and BMI Z-score was calculated. Results: Our study included 66 patients (32 females and 34 males) with a mean age of 100,09 months (SD: 24,754 months). Initial bivariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation between BMI Z-score and IGF-1 values. However, adjusting for age indicated that there was in fact no significant relationship between these two parameters. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels did however vary significantly with patient age. Conclusions: Levels of IGF-1 showed an age-dependent variation which should be accounted for in data analysis. Our study found no correlation between weight status and IGF-1 levels when adjusting for age-dependent variation. Further studies may shed light on the possible role of IGF-1 in discerning between obese children with or without increased insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2-4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bogdan Neamtu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
- Research and Telemedicine Center for Neurological Diseases in Children, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Raluca Costea
- Research and Telemedicine Center for Neurological Diseases in Children, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Minodora Teodoru
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2-4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Carmen Domnariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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Solomon A, Cipăian CR, Negrea MO, Boicean A, Mihaila R, Beca C, Popa ML, Grama SM, Teodoru M, Neamtu B. Hepatic Involvement across the Metabolic Syndrome Spectrum: Non-Invasive Assessment and Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5657. [PMID: 37685725 PMCID: PMC10488813 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inextricably linked conditions, both of which are experiencing an upward trend in prevalence, thereby exerting a substantial clinical and economic burden. The presence of MetS should prompt the search for metabolic-associated liver disease. Liver fibrosis is the main predictor of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Non-invasive tests (NIT) such as the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB4), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), hepatic steatosis index (HIS), transient elastography (TE), and combined scores (AGILE3+, AGILE4) facilitate the detection of liver fibrosis or steatosis. Our study enrolled 217 patients with suspected MASLD, 109 of whom were diagnosed with MetS. We implemented clinical and biological evaluations complemented by transient elastography (TE) to discern the most robust predictors for liver disease manifestation patterns. Patients with MetS had significantly higher values of FIB4, APRI, HSI, liver stiffness, and steatosis parameters measured by TE, as well as AGILE3+ and AGILE4 scores. Machine-learning algorithms enhanced our evaluation. A two-step cluster algorithm yielded three clusters with reliable model quality. Cluster 1 contained patients without significant fibrosis or steatosis, while clusters 2 and 3 showed a higher prevalence of significant liver fibrosis or at least moderate steatosis as measured by TE. A decision tree algorithm identified age, BMI, liver enzyme levels, and metabolic syndrome characteristics as significant factors in predicting cluster membership with an overall accuracy of 89.4%. Combining NITs improves the accuracy of detecting patterns of liver involvement in patients with suspected MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Solomon
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Călin Remus Cipăian
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Adrian Boicean
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Romeo Mihaila
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Corina Beca
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mirela Livia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Sebastian Mihai Grama
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
| | - Minodora Teodoru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Neamtu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (M.L.P.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.); (B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
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Neamtu B, Barbu A, Negrea MO, Berghea-Neamțu CȘ, Popescu D, Zăhan M, Mireșan V. Carrageenan-Based Compounds as Wound Healing Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169117. [PMID: 36012381 PMCID: PMC9409225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The following review is focused on carrageenan, a heteroglycan-based substance that is a very significant wound healing biomaterial. Every biomaterial has advantages and weaknesses of its own, but these drawbacks are typically outweighed by combining the material in various ways with other substances. Carrageenans' key benefits include their water solubility, which enables them to keep the wound and periwound damp and absorb the wound exudate. They have low cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant qualities, do not stick to the wound bed, and hence do not cause pain when removed from the wounded region. When combined with other materials, they can aid in hemostasis. This review emphasizes the advantages of using carrageenan for wound healing, including the use of several mixes that improve its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Neamtu
- Pediatric Research Department, Pediatric Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550025 Sibiu, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (A.B.); Tel.: +40-773-994-375 (B.N.); +40-748-063-335 (A.B.)
| | - Andreea Barbu
- Pediatric Research Department, Pediatric Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (A.B.); Tel.: +40-773-994-375 (B.N.); +40-748-063-335 (A.B.)
| | | | - Cristian Ștefan Berghea-Neamțu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Dragoș Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Marius Zăhan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vioara Mireșan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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