1
|
Malinowska K, Kowalski A, Merecz-Sadowska A, Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H. PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression Levels as a Potential Biomarker of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Head and Neck Cancers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052033. [PMID: 36902820 PMCID: PMC10004389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an etiological factor of various chronic diseases contributing to more than 50% of worldwide deaths. In this study, we focus on the immunosuppressive role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) in inflammatory-related diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis and head and neck cancers. The study included 304 participants. Of this number, 162 patients had chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 40 patients had head and neck cancer (HNC) and there were 102 healthy subjects. The expression level of the PD-1 and PD-L1 genes in the tissues of the study groups was measured by qPCR and Western blot methods. The associations between the age of the patients and the extent of disease and genes' expression were evaluated. The study showed a significantly higher mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the tissues of both the CRSwNP and HNC patient groups compared to the healthy group. The severity of CRSwNP significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. Similarly, the age of the NHC patients influenced PD-L1 expression. In addition, a significantly higher level of PD-L1 protein was noticed also for both the CRSwNP and HNC patient groups. The increased expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 may be a potential biomarker of inflammatory-related diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis and head and neck cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Kowalski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malinowska K, Merecz-Sadowska A, Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Miłoński J, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H. PD-1 and PDL-1 gene expression in nasal polyp tissue from patients with asthma exacerbated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs correlates with the severity of the disease. Otolaryngol Pol 2023; 77:1-5. [PMID: 36804777 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical syndrome that includes asthma, nasal polyps and hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is referred to as airway disease exacerbated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients usually have the most severe form of nasal polyps. Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps share a common inflammatory profile, involving type 2 helper T lymphocytes. T-cell activity can be inhibited via the programmed death receptor, PD-1, leading to modulation of the immune response. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of genes encoding PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in nasal polyp tissue in patients with asthma exacerbated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to correlate the results with clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material used for the study consisted of 54 tissue sections of nasal polyps. In the specimens, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 genes was determined at the mRNA level by qPCR. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the results of the study. RESULTS The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 genes in the tissue of polyps was statistically significantly higher than in the nasal mucosa of patients in the control group. In addition, there was a correlation between the expression of both genes at the mRNA level and the severity of nasal polyps in the paranasal sinuses analyzed from computed tomography images of the paranasal sinuses and assessed using the Kennedy scale. CONCLUSIONS Determining the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 genes may provide a marker for the severity of polypoid lesions. In addition, learning more about the PD-1/PD-L signaling pathway and how it can be modulated may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malinowska
- Zakład Alergologii i Rehabilitacji Oddechowej, II Katedra Otolaryngologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Zakład Alergologii i Rehabilitacji Oddechowej, II Katedra Otolaryngologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
| | - Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Zakład Alergologii i Rehabilitacji Oddechowej, II Katedra Otolaryngologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
| | - Jarosław Miłoński
- Klinika Otolaryngologii, Onkologii Laryngologicznej, Audiologii i Foniatrii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
| | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Zakład Alergologii i Rehabilitacji Oddechowej II Katedry Otolaryngologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Klinika Otolaryngologii, Onkologii Laryngologicznej, Audiologii i Foniatrii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Merecz-Sadowska A, Zajdel R, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Malinowska K. Serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis correlate with clinical severity. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:33. [PMID: 35752781 PMCID: PMC9233770 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by epithelial inflammation and tissue eosinophilic infiltration. IL-5, POSTN, and IL-33 are important factors that act as chemoattractants for eosinophils, and a tissue-remodeling protein positively correlated with eosinophils in blood and mediators of eosinophilic infiltration. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of IL-5, POSTN and IL-33, at the gene and protein levels, in eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and to correlate this expression with clinical severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 40 CRSwNP patients and 53 CRSsNP patients and 40 control subjects. The expression of IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 mRNA was determined in sinonasal mucosal samples and in nasal polyp tissue by real-time PCR. Protein levels in the serum of CRSwNP patients were measured by ELISA. Computed tomography was evaluated according to Lund-Mackay scores, and visual analog scale scores were assessed. RESULTS NP tissue demonstrated significantly higher IL-5 and POSTN mRNA expression than the sinonasal tissue in the CRSsNP and CRSwNP groups. CRS groups demonstrated elevated IL-33 mRNA expression in comparison to controls irrespective of the presence of NP. No correlation was found between IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 mRNA expression and disease severity. CRSwNP group demonstrated significantly higher serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 protein levels than controls, and this corresponds to disease severity. CONCLUSION Serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 levels may be important markers for classification of eosinophilic CRSwNP patients, along with disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zjawiony W, Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Kowalski A, Nowak-Zduńczyk A, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Olszewski J, Malinowska K. The use of combined pharmacotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) involves acute unexplained hearing loss, nearly always one-sided of 30dB or greater over at least three contiguous audiometric frequencies. The aetiology of SSNHL is mostly unknown. According to the literature, the causes include vascular, microbial and autoimmune problems. There is still no agreed standard treatment. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the results of combined pharmacotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with idiopathic sudden deafness.
Material/Methods: The study was carried out on 40 patients with SSNHL. The patients were divided into two groups: group I – 24 patients treated with the combined pharmacotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy and group II – 16 patients treated only pharmacologically. The patients from Group 1 were treated in the Centre of Hyperbaric Therapy CREATOR Ltd. in Lodz, Poland. Each patient underwent 15 sessions in a hyperbaric chamber. In all patients, the percentage of hearing loss for the selected frequencies was assessed before and after the therapy according to Sabine and Fowler.
Results: The group of 40 patie nts aged from 33 to 77 years (mean 52.4) included 21 females and 19 males. Group I consisted of 24 patients, 11 females and 13 males, group II consisted of 16 patients, 10 females, and 6 males. After therapy, the mean hearing level in all patients improved by 27.14%, in Group I – by 34.34%, in Group II – by 16.3%.
Conclusions: Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with steroid therapy improves prognosis and shows good results in sudden hearing loss treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zjawiony
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, IInd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, IInd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kowalski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, IInd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, IInd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jurek Olszewski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, IInd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Nowosielska-Grygiel J, Kikowski Ł, Olszewski J, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H. [Cryosurgery in the treatment of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis]. Wiad Lek 2018; 71:1135-1140. [PMID: 30267489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Introduction: Pharmacological treatment of both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis is not always effective. The aim: Assessment of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with allergic and non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis using cryoablation procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Material and methods: The study involved 60 patients, including 28 women and 32 men, aged 17-76 years (the average age 39) with rhinitis. All participants were assigned into two groups: I group - 18 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis; II group - 42 patients with chronic non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis. The research methodology included: anamnesis, otolaryngological physical examination, rhinomanometer test, performed before and 3 months after the procedure. The cryoablation of nasal turbinates was performed under local anesthesia,with a 1% xylocaine solution using the Cryo-S device from CryoFlex Poland. RESULTS Results: After the cryoablation treatment, in both groups the statistically significant improvement was observed both in the subjective assessment of symptoms of nasal obstruction and in the mean rhinomanometry of air flows through the nasal passages during inspiration and exhalation. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Cryosurgical treatment is not the first-line treatment for the treatment of allergic and non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis, it does not remove the causes of the disease. However, it may be an effective method of treatment for some patients and a supplement to existing treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Zakład Alergologii I Rehabilitacji Oddechowej Ii Katedry Otolaryngologii Um W Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Ośrodek Profilaktyki I Rehabilitacji Creator Sp. Z O.O., Łódź, Polska
| | - Joanna Nowosielska-Grygiel
- Klinika Otolaryngologii, Onkologii Laryngologicznej, Audiologii I Foniatrii II Katedry Otolaryngologii UM w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska
| | - Łukasz Kikowski
- Ośrodek Profilaktyki I Rehabilitacji Creator Sp. Z O.O., Łódź, Polska
| | - Jerzy Olszewski
- Klinika Otolaryngologii, Onkologii Laryngologicznej, Audiologii I Foniatrii II Katedry Otolaryngologii UM w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska
| | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Zakład Alergologii I Rehabilitacji Oddechowej Ii Katedry Otolaryngologii Um W Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Klinika Otolaryngologii, Onkologii Laryngologicznej, Audiologii I Foniatrii II Katedry Otolaryngologii UM w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska
| |
Collapse
|