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Min KY, Kim DK, Jo MG, Choi MY, Lee D, Park JW, Park YJ, Chung Y, Kim YM, Park YM, Kim HS, Choi WS. IL-27-induced PD-L1 highSca-1 + innate lymphoid cells suppress contact hypersensitivity in an IL-10-dependent manner. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:616-629. [PMID: 38424193 PMCID: PMC10984996 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and various inflammatory responses. ILCs are typically classified into three subsets, as is the case for T-cells. Recent studies have reported that IL-10-producing type 2 ILCs (ILC210s) have an immunoregulatory function dependent on IL-10. However, the surface markers of ILC210s and the role of ILC210s in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) are largely unknown. Our study revealed that splenic ILC210s are extensively included in PD-L1highSca-1+ ILCs and that IL-27 amplifies the development of PD-L1highSca-1+ ILCs and ILC210s. Adoptive transfer of PD-L1highSca-1+ ILCs suppressed oxazolone-induced CHS in an IL-10-dependent manner Taken together, our results demonstrate that ILC210s are critical for the control of CHS and suggest that ILC210s can be used as target cells for the treatment of CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science and Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science and Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
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Jo MG, Lee MW, Ahn S, Kang TW, Song KD, Cha DI, Min JH, Rhim H. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in a recent cohort at a tertiary cancer center: incidence and factors associated with major complications and unexpected hospitalization events. Ultrasonography 2023; 42:41-53. [PMID: 36353791 PMCID: PMC9816693 DOI: 10.14366/usg.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the incidence of and factors associated with major complications, delayed discharge, and emergency room (ER) visits or readmission after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) <3 cm in a recent cohort at a tertiary cancer center. METHODS A total of 188 patients with treatment-naïve single HCCs <3 cm who underwent RFA between January 2018 and April 2021 were included in the analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with major complications, delayed discharge, and ER visits or readmission. Local tumor progression (LTP) and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Major complications occurred in 3.2% (6/188) of the patients. The longest diameter of the ablation zone was significantly larger in patients with major complications (P=0.023). Delayed discharge occurred in 5.8% (9/188) of the patients, for which albumin-bilirubin grade 3 was identified as an important determinant. No variables other than major complications were significantly associated with ER visits or readmission, which occurred in 7.0% (13/188) of the patients. Major complications, delayed discharge, and ER visits or readmission were not substantially related to the post-treatment outcomes of LTP and overall survival. CONCLUSION This study confirmed RFA as a highly safe procedure for single HCCs <3 cm, despite the rapidly changing RFA techniques in the most recent cohort. A large ablation zone and poor liver function were predictors of major complications and delayed discharge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Geun Jo
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence to: Min Woo Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel. +82-2-3410-2518 Fax. +82-2-3410-2559 E-mail:
| | - Soohyun Ahn
- Department of Mathematics, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Doo Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ik Cha
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Min
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunchul Rhim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JE, Choi MY, Min KY, Jo MG, Kim YM, Kim HS, Choi WS. Drug repositioning of anti-microbial agent nifuratel to treat mast cell-mediated allergic responses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231202349. [PMID: 37706235 PMCID: PMC10503296 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our objective was to assess the effects and mechanisms of nifuratel on IgE-mediated mast cell (MC) degranulation and anaphylaxis in both in vitro and in vivo settings.Methods: The anti-allergic activity of nifuratel was evaluated in mast cell cultures and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model. The effects of nifuratel on signaling pathways stimulated by antigen in mast cells were measured by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, in vitro protein tyrosine kinase assay, and other molecular biological methods.Results: Nifuratel reversibly inhibited antigen-induced degranulation of MCs (IC50, approximately 0.34 μM for RBL-2H3 cells; approximately 0.94 μM for BMMCs) and suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (IC50, approximately 0.74 μM) and TNF-α (IC50, approximately 0.48 μM). Mechanism studies showed that nifuratel inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk by antigen via the inhibition of recruitment of cytosolic Syk to the ɣ subunit of FcεRI, and decreased the activation of Syk downstream signaling proteins LAT, Akt, and MAPKs. Finally, nifuratel dose-dependently suppressed the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice (ED50, approximately 22 mg/kg).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that nifuratel inhibits pathways essential for the activation of mast cells to suppress anaphylaxis, thereby indicating that the anti-microbial drug, nifuratel, could be a potential drug candidate for IgE-mediated allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science and Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Choi MY, Min KY, Jo MG, Kim JM, Kim HS, Kim YM. AT9283, 1-Cyclopropyl-3-(3-(5-(Morpholinomethyl)-1H-Benzo[d]Imidazole-2-yl)-1H-Pyrazol-4-yl) Urea, Inhibits Syk to Suppress Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Response. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:520-528. [PMID: 36305292 PMCID: PMC9622312 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are an effector cell that plays a pivotal role in type I hypersensitive immune responses. Mast cells exist in connective tissues, such as skin and mucosal tissue, and contain granules which contain bioactive substances such as histamine and heparin in cells. The granules of mast cells are secreted by antigen stimulation to cause the type I allergic hypersensitivity. In addition, stimulated by antigen, mast cells synthesize and secrete various eicosanoids and cytokines. While AT9283 is known to have anticancer effects, the therapeutic effect of AT9283 on allergic disorders is completely unknown. In this study, it was found that AT9283 reversibly inhibited antigen-IgE binding-induced degranulation in mast cells (IC50, approx. 0.58 μM) and suppressed the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (IC50, approx. 0.09 μM) and TNF-α (IC50, approx. 0.19 μM). For a mechanism of mast cell inhibition, while not inhibiting Syk phosphorylation, AT9283 suppressed the activation of LAT, a downstream substrate protein of Syk, in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, AT9283 also inhibited the activation of PLCγ1 and Akt, downstream signaling molecules of Syk/LAT, and MAP kinases such as JNK, Erk1/2, and P38. In an in vitro protein tyrosine kinase assay, AT9283 directly inhibited Syk activity. Next, AT9283 dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), an IgE-mediated allergic acute response, in mice (ED50, approx. 34 mg/kg, p.o.). These findings suggest that AT9283 has potential to use as a new drug for alleviating the symptoms of IgE-mediated allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Kim
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Min Kim
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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Min KY, Koo J, Noh G, Lee D, Jo MG, Lee JE, Kang M, Hyun SY, Choi WS, Kim HS. CD1d hiPD-L1 hiCD27 + Regulatory Natural Killer Subset Suppresses Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:752888. [PMID: 35069528 PMCID: PMC8766675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector and regulatory functions of various leukocytes in allergic diseases have been well reported. Although the role of conventional natural killer (NK) cells has been established, information on its regulatory phenotype and function are very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the phenotype and inhibitory functions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-producing regulatory NK (NKreg) subset in mice with MC903-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). Interestingly, the population of TGF-β-producing NK cells in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) was decreased in AD patients than in healthy subjects. The number of TGF-β+ NK subsets was decreased in the spleen or cervical lymph node (cLN), but increased in ear tissues of mice with AD induced by MC903 than those of normal mice. We further observed that TGF-β+ NK subsets were largely included in CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK cell subset. We also found that numbers of ILC2s and TH2 cells were significantly decreased by adoptive transfer of CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK subsets. Notably, the ratio of splenic Treg per TH2 was increased by the adoptive transfer of CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK cells in mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the TGF-β-producing CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK subset has a previously unrecognized role in suppressing TH2 immunity and ILC2 activation in AD mice, suggesting that the function of TGF-β-producing NK subset is closely associated with the severity of AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Jimo Koo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Geunwoong Noh
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Center Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Minseong Kang
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeun Hyun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Min KY, Lee MB, Hong SH, Lee D, Jo MG, Lee JE, Choi MY, You JS, Kim YM, Park YM, Kim HS, Choi WS. Entinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, increases the population of IL-10+ regulatory B cells to suppress contact hypersensitivity. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34488930 PMCID: PMC8560462 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10+ regulatory B (Breg) cells play a vital role in regulating the immune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, colitis, and contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Several sti-mulants such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CD40 ligand, and IL-21 spur the activation and maturation of IL-10+ Breg cells, while the epigenetic mechanism for the IL-10 expression remains largely unknown. It is well accepted that the histone acetylation/deacetylation is an important mechanism that regulates the expression of IL-10. We found that entinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, stimulated the induction of IL-10+ Breg cells by LPS in vitro and the formation of IL-10+ Breg cells to suppress CHS in vivo. We further demonstrated that entinostat inhibited HDAC1 from binding to the proximal region of the IL-10 expression promoter in splenic B cells, followed by an increase in the binding of NF-κB p65, eventually enhancing the expression of IL-10 in Breg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Min Bum Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Yeong Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science and Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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Lee D, Park YH, Lee JE, Kim HS, Min KY, Jo MG, Kim HS, Choi WS, Kim YM. Dasatinib Inhibits Lyn and Fyn Src-Family Kinases in Mast Cells to Suppress Type I Hypersensitivity in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:456-464. [PMID: 32268657 PMCID: PMC7457176 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are systemically distributed and secrete several allergic mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes to cause type I hypersensitivity. Dasatinib is a type of anti-cancer agent and it has also been reported to inhibit human basophils. However, dasatinib has not been reported for its inhibitory effects on MCs or type I hypersensitivity in mice. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of dasatinib on MCs and MC-mediated allergic response in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, dasatinib inhibited the degranulation of MCs by antigen stimulation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50, ~34 nM for RBL-2H3 cells; ~52 nM for BMMCs) without any cytotoxicity. It also suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TNF-α by antigen stimulation. Furthermore, dasatinib inhibited MC-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice (ED50, ~29 mg/kg). Notably, dasatinib significantly suppressed the degranulation of MCs in the ear tissue. As the mechanism of its effect, dasatinib inhibited the activation of Syk and Syk-mediated downstream signaling proteins, LAT, PLCγ1, and three typical MAP kinases (Erk1/2, JNK, and p38), which are essential for the activation of MCs. Interestingly, in vitro tyrosine kinase assay, dasatinib directly inhibited the activities of Lyn and Fyn, the upstream tyrosine kinases of Syk in MCs. Taken together, dasatinib suppresses MCs and PCA in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of Lyn and Fyn Src-family kinases. Therefore, we suggest the possibility of repositioning the anti-cancer drug dasatinib as a treatment for various MC-mediated type I hypersensitive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 6419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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Kalimuthu K, Kim JM, Subburaman C, Kwon WY, Hwang SH, Jeong S, Jo MG, Kim HJ, Park KS. Characterization of Rajath Bhasma and Evaluation of Its Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos and Its Antimicrobial Activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:920-925. [PMID: 32238767 PMCID: PMC9728409 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In India, nanotechnology has been used in therapeutic applications for several millennia. One example of a traditional nanomedicine is Rajath Bhasma (als°Called calcined silver ash), which is used as an antimicrobial and for the treatment of various ailments and conditions such as memory loss, eye diseases, and dehydration. In this study, we aimed t°Characterize the physical composition and morphology of Rajath Bhasma and its suitability for use as a non-toxic antimicrobial agent. First, Rajath Bhasma was physically characterized via i) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze the surface functional groups, ii) scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy to observe the morphology and elemental composition, and iii) X-ray diffraction to determine the crystalline phases. Thereafter, functional characterization was performed through toxicity screening using zebrafish embryos and through antimicrobial activity assessment against gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Rajath Bhasma was found to harbor alkene, hydroxyl, aldehyde, and amide functional groups originating from biological components on its surface. The main component of Rajath Bhasma is silver, with particle size of 170-210 nm, and existing in the form of spherical aggregates with pure crystalline silver structures. Furthermore, Rajath Bhasma did not exert toxic effects on zebrafish embryos at concentrations below 5 μg/ml and exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The present results indicate that Rajath Bhasma is a potentially effective antimicrobial agent without toxicity when used at concentrations below 5 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalishwaralal Kalimuthu
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Woo Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehan Jeong
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-3742 Fax: +82-2-450-3742 E-mail: ;
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Park YH, Kim DK, Kim HS, Lee D, Lee MB, Min KY, Jo MG, Lee JE, Kim YM, Choi WS. WZ3146 inhibits mast cell Lyn and Fyn to reduce IgE-mediated allergic responses in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114763. [PMID: 31526816 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play an important role as effector cells that cause allergic responses in allergic diseases. For these reasons, MC is considered an attractive therapeutic target for allergic disease treatment. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of WZ3146, N-[3-[5-chloro-2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enamide, and the mechanisms of its actions on the MC activation and IgE-mediated allergic response by using three types of MCs such as rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells, mouse bone marrow mast cells (BMMCs), and human Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 (LAD2) cells. WZ3146 inhibited antigen-stimulated degranulation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50, ~ 0.35 μM for RBL-2H3 cells; ~ 0.39 μM for BMMCs; ~ 0.41 for LAD2 cells). WZ3146 also suppressed the production of histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, which mediate various allergic responses, in a dose-dependent manner. As the mechanism of WZ3146 to inhibit MCs, it inhibited the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and the downstream signaling proteins of Syk such as linker for activation of T cell (LAT) and phospholipase (PL) Cγ1 in the signaling pathway of FcεRI. In addition, WZ3146 inhibited the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, WZ3146 did not inhibit degranulation of MCs by thapsigargin or ionomycin, which increase calcium concentration in cytosol. Notably, WZ3146 inhibited the activity of Lyn and Fyn, but not Syk. In an following animal experiment, WZ3146 inhibited IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in a dose-dependent manner (ED50, ~ 20 mg/kg). Taken together, in this study we show that the pyrimidine derivative, WZ3146, inhibits the IgE-mediated allergic response by inhibiting Lyn and Fyn Src-family kinases, which are initially activated by antigen stimulation in MCs. Therefore, we propose that WZ3146 could be used as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Bum Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
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