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Kadjo YMAE, Adja AM, Guindo-Coulibaly N, Zoh DD, Traoré DF, Assouho KF, Sadia-Kacou MAC, Kpan MDS, Yapi A, Chandre F. Insecticide Resistance and Metabolic Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from Two Agrosystems (Vegetable and Cotton Crops) in Côte d'Ivoire. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:475-485. [PMID: 37615509 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes vectors mosquitoes poses a real challenge for arboviral-borne disease control. In Côte d'Ivoire, data are available on phenotypic resistance and the presence of kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti. Therefore, information on metabolic resistance in Aedes populations is very scarce. Here, we assessed the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti in periurban and rural areas of Côte d'Ivoire, and we investigated the role of detoxification enzymes as possible resistance mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Aedes mosquito eggs were collected between June 2019 to April 2021 in two agricultural sites. Adults of Ae. aegypti were tested using World Health Organization tube assays, with seven insecticides belonging to pyrethroids, organochlorines, carbamates, and organophosphates classes. We determined the knockdown times (KdT50, KdT95) and resistance ratios of pyrethroids in natural populations. The synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was used to investigate the role of enzymes in resistance. Biochemical assays were performed to detect potential increased activities in mixed-function oxidase levels, nonspecific esterases (NSEs), and glutathione S-transferases. Results: The results showed that Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to five insecticides with mortality of 46% and 89% for 0.75% permethrin, 68% and 92% for 0.05% deltamethrin, 57% and 89% for lambda-cyhalothrin, 41% and 47% for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 82% and 91% for chlorpyrifos-methyl in Songon-Agban and Kaforo, respectively. Susceptibility to carbamates was observed in our study sites. After exposure to PBO, the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to pyrethroids and DDT was partially restored in Songon-Agban. Whereas in Kaforo, none increase of the mortality rates of Ae. aegypti for these four insecticides was observed after exposure to PBO. Increased activity of NSE (α-esterases) was found in Songon-Agban compared with the reference susceptible strain. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable information to support decisions for vector control strategies in Cote d'Ivoire. Also, we highlight the need for the monitoring of insecticide resistance management in Aedes vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapo Marie-Ange Edwige Kadjo
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de la Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Akré M Adja
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de la Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Dounin Danielle Zoh
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de la Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Konan Fabrice Assouho
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | - Ahoua Yapi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Kpan MDS, Adja AM, Guindo-Coulibaly N, Assouho KF, Kouadio AMN, Azongnibo KRM, Zoh DD, Zahouli BZJ, Remoue F, Fournet F. Spatial Heterogeneity and Seasonal Distribution of Aedes ( Stegomyia) aegypti (L) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:769-776. [PMID: 34252330 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the urban areas of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire have faced recurrent outbreaks of Aedes-borne arboviruses, the seasonal dynamics of local populations of the key vector Aedes aegypti remained still underexplored for an effective vector control. The current study thus assessed the seasonal dynamics and the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti in three neighborhoods of Abidjan city. Aedes eggs were collected using ovitraps in three different neighborhoods (Anoumambo, Bromakoté, and Petit-Bassam) during the four climatic seasons of Abidjan. Aedes egg samples were immersed into distilled water, and emerged larvae were reared until the adult stage for species morphological identification. Spatial autocorrelation was measured with the Moran's Index, and areas with high egg abundance were identified. In total, 3837 eggs were collected providing 1882 adult mosquitoes in the 3 neighborhoods. All the specimens belonged to only one Aedes species, Ae. aegypti. The average of 15.89 eggs per ovitrap, 13.67 eggs per ovitrap, and 19.87 eggs per ovitrap were obtained in Anoumambo, Bromakoté, and Petit-Bassam, respectively, with no statistical difference between the three sites. A higher abundance of Ae. aegypti was observed during the long rainy season and the short dry season. The Moran analysis showed a clustered distribution of Ae. aegypti eggs during the long rainy season in the three sites and a random spatial distribution during the short dry season. Ovitraps with high number of eggs were aggregated in the peripheral part (near to the lagoon) of Anoumambo and Petit-Bassam in central Bromakoté and extending along the railway during the long rainy season. This study revealed a heterogeneous potential risk of transmission of arbovirus according to neighborhood. It provided data to better understand Ae. aegypti ecology to select appropriate periods and places for Aedes vector control actions and surveillance of arboviruses in Abidjan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintokapieu Didier Stéphane Kpan
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Akré Maurice Adja
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Konan Fabrice Assouho
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Affoué Mireille Nadia Kouadio
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Konan Rodolphe Mardoché Azongnibo
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut de Géographie Tropicale (IGT), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Dounin Danielle Zoh
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bi Zahouli Julien Zahouli
- Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Franck Remoue
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.,MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Fournet
- Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS), Montpellier, France
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Guindo-Coulibaly N, Adja AM, Coulibaly JT, Kpan MDS, Adou KA, Zoh DD. Expansion of Aedes africanus (Diptera: Culicidae), a sylvatic vector of arboviruses, into an urban environment of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. J Vector Ecol 2019; 44:248-255. [PMID: 31729805 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, an outbreak of yellow fever occurred in Abidjan. The entomological investigations confirm that Abidjan is at risk of yellow fever with a suspicion of the National Park of Banco (NPB) forest as a likely area of re-emergence. This study aims to assess the dispersion of sylvatic vectors of arboviruses from the NPB forest to the surrounding areas (Andokoi and Sagbé). The sampling was done in the rainy season using the WHO layer-traps technique. Among the six species of Aedes sampled, Aedes aegypti and Aedes africanus were the potential vectors of arboviruses. Both species were collected in Sagbé but only Ae. aegypti in Andokoi. Only Ae. aegypti were present 400 and 800 m from NPB forest, but at 200 m, it showed respective proportions of 75.5% and 87.5% in Sagbé and Andokoi. In the NPB forest, however, Ae. africanus has been the predominant species. The study showed the presence of Ae. aegypti in Andokoi and Sagbé. However, Ae. africanus was found in the NPB forest and in the 200 m radius in Sagbé. The establishment of an entomological surveillance program in all areas would therefore be essential for the prevention of arboviruses outbreaks in Abidjan.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guindo-Coulibaly
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - A M Adja
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), 01 BP 1500, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - J T Coulibaly
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
- Département Environnement et Santé, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M D S Kpan
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), 01 BP 1500, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - K A Adou
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), 01 BP 1500, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut de Géographie Tropicale, Unité de Formation et de Recherches des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, UFHB
| | - D D Zoh
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), 01 BP 1500, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
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