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Zehra M, Usmani Y, Shafiq J, Khan A, Zafar M, Raza Mirza M, Shah SR, Al-Harrasi A, Hasan SM, Farooqui A, Ahmed A. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial potential of lithium complex against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0193023. [PMID: 37861330 PMCID: PMC10715101 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01930-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Multi-drug resistance (MDR) by virtue of evolving resistance and virulence mechanisms among A. baumannii is a global concern which is responsible for lethal hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutics against it. Metal complexes are compact structures with diverse mechanisms that the pathogens cannot evade easily which make them a strong drug candidate. In this study, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of lithium complex {[Li(phen)2 sal]} against biofilm-forming MDR A. baumannii. The lithium complex displayed strong antimicrobial activity and reduced the pre-formed mature biofilm which is key barrier for antimicrobial action. Moreover, it employs oxidative stress as one of its mode of actions and causes cellular rupturing. Lithium complex was non-toxic and was significantly effective to overcome pneumonia in mice model. These results highlight the untapped potential of metal complexes that can be explored and utilized for combating notorious A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moatter Zehra
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yamina Usmani
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jazib Shafiq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, Oman
| | - Muneeza Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Raza Shah
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, Oman
| | - Syed Mehmood Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Translational Medicine Program, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Raza A, Zehra M, Ramzan M, Siddiqui AJ, Akbar A, Ahmed A, Musharraf SG. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Gentamicin-Induced Tolerant Colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106436. [PMID: 36965642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibiotic resistance development in pathogenic bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae seriously threatens humankind. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction of bacteria with antibiotic agents and how it acquires resistance at the molecular level. The current study describes metabolomics analysis of K. pneumoniae sensitive strains and its gentamicin-tolerant (resistant) strains. METHODS K. pneumoniae strains were treated at five different concentrations of gentamicin, increasing from a low dose (16.2 µg/mL) to the highest dose (250 µg/mL) at three incubation time periods (24h, 48h, and 72h). Colonies obtained at various concentrations and time intervals were subjected to metabolomic analysis using GC-MS. RESULTS A drastic change was observed in the morphology of K. pneumoniae colonies with the increasing gentamicin concentration. Moreover, K. pneumoniae strains grown at the highest concentration (250 µg/mL) were found tolerant to 1 mg/mL gentamicin (4-folds) and considered resistant strains. A total of 459 metabolites were identified. A sequential down/up-regulation in 4, 3, and 4 metabolites were observed in association with the increasing gentamicin concentration at 24h, 48h, and 72h, respectively. While with the comparative analysis of resistant and sensitive strains, a total of seven down- and sixteen up-regulated metabolites were observed. The concentration of some fatty acids and sugars have been found to increase while, a few metabolites like inosine, tyrosine, 1-propionylproline, and 2-hydroxyacetic acid have been found down-regulated in resistant samples. CONCLUSION These regulator metabolites might be associated with resistance development in K. pneumoniae against gentamicin and might be helpful in the rapid detection of gentamicin-resistant clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Moatter Zehra
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Azra Akbar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Atta L, Khalil R, Khan KM, Zehra M, Saleem F, Nur-e-Alam M, Ul-Haq Z. Virtual Screening, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Streptococcus mutans Mediated Biofilm Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041455. [PMID: 35209243 PMCID: PMC8876203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries, a global oral health concern, is a biofilm-mediated disease. Streptococcus mutans, the most prevalent oral microbiota, produces extracellular enzymes, including glycosyltransferases responsible for sucrose polymerization. In bacterial communities, the biofilm matrix confers resistance to host immune responses and antibiotics. Thus, in cases of chronic dental caries, inhibiting bacterial biofilm assembly should prevent demineralization of tooth enamel, thereby preventing tooth decay. A high throughput screening was performed in the present study to identify small molecule inhibitors of S. mutans glycosyltransferases. Multiple pharmacophore models were developed, validated with multiple datasets, and used for virtual screening against large chemical databases. Over 3000 drug-like hits were obtained that were analyzed to explore their binding mode. Finally, six compounds that showed good binding affinities were further analyzed for ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. The obtained in silico hits were evaluated for in vitro biofilm formation. The compounds displayed excellent antibiofilm activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.26–250 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Atta
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moatter Zehra
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammad Nur-e-Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-21-99261672
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Zehra M, Banerjee S, Sharma S, Kumar S. Influence of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strains on Biomass and Alkaloid Productivity in Hairy Root Lines of Hyoscyamus muticus and H. albus *. Planta Med 1999; 65:60-3. [PMID: 17260237 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Using leaf explants of IN VITRO grown HYOSCYAMUS ALBUS and H. MUTICUS plantlets, hairy roots were induced following inoculation with AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES strains A (4) and LBA-9402. The transformed roots, appearing after 14 - 17 days incubation on hormone-free MS medium containing 1 g/L cephalexin, were excised and maintained in the same medium. Ten randomly selected hairy root lines from each bacterial treatment of the two plant systems were compared for growth and alkaloid production in half-strength, hormone-free MS medium on 25 (th) day of culture. A. RHIZOGENES strain - A (4) induced hairy root lines of both H. ALBUS and H. MUTICUS were comparatively faster growing than those induced by strain LBA-9402. In contrast to earlier reports, some of the hairy root lines of H. ALBUS induced by A. RHIZOGENES strain A (4) were as fast growing as the hairy root lines of H. MUTICUS. The atropine yields of A (4) induced lines of H. ALBUS were significantly higher (3.5 fold) than the LBA-9402 induced lines. No such relationship between the bacterial strain and alkaloid productivity could, however, be obtained in case of hairy root lines of H. MUTICUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zehra
- 1VGV;Genetics Resources and Biotechnology Division, CIMAP, Lucknow, India
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Banerjee S, Zehra M, Gupta MM, Kumar S. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Artemisia annua: production of transgenic plants. Planta Med 1997; 63:467-9. [PMID: 17252369 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic hairy roots were induced in the leaves of Artemisia annua by treatment with the LBA 9402 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The axenic hairy root cultures were found to produce the sesquiterpenes artemisinic acid and arteannuin B. The hairy root cultures were observed to spontaneously regenerate into plantlets on solid hormone-free MS medium. The regenerated plants had phenotypic characteristics typical to the transformed plants. Among the plants of the age of one month in culture, the transgenic plant was bigger (2.643 g/plant) than the normal (0.856 g/plant). Both these kinds of in vitro plants carried sesquiterpenes-artemisinic acid and arteannuin B.
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