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Ibrahim M, Munir S, Ahmed S, Chughtai AH, Ahmad W, Khan J, Murtey MD, Ijaz H, Ojha SC. Gliclazide in Binary and Ternary Systems Improves Physicochemical Properties, Bioactivity, and Antioxidant Activity. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:2100092. [PMID: 36466089 PMCID: PMC9718633 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The poor solubility of the antidiabetic drug gliclazide (Glc) is due to its hydrophobic nature. This research is aimed at improving Glc's solubility and drug release profile, as well as at investigating additional benefits such as bioactivity and antioxidant activity, by forming binary complexes with HPβCD at different w/w ratios (1 : 1, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 4, and 1 : 9) and ternary complexes with HPβCD and Tryp at 1 : 1 : 1, 1 : 1 : 0.27, 1 : 2.5 : 0.27, 1 : 3.6 : 3.6, 1 : 4 : 1, and 1 : 9 : 1, respectively. Complexes were prepared by the physical mixing (PM) and solvent evaporation (SE) methods. The prepared inclusion complexes were meticulously characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. To verify our findings, the inclusion complexes were evaluated by equilibrium solubility, in vitro drug release profile, kinetic models, and antidiabetic and antioxidant activities in animal models. Our results demonstrated that the solubility and drug release profile were found to be enhanced through binary as well as ternary complexes. Notably, ternary complexes with a ratio of 1 : 9 : 1 showed the highest solubility and drug release profile compared to all other preparations. Data on antioxidant activity indicated that the ternary complex had the higher total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity than the binary complex and Glc alone, in contrast to the diabetic group. In vivo antidiabetic activity data revealed a high percentage reduction in the blood glucose level by ternary complexes (49-52%) compared to the binary complexes (45-46%; p ≤ 0.05). HPβCD and Tryp provide a new platform for overcoming the challenges associated with poorly soluble Glc by providing greater complexing and solubilizing capabilities and imparting ancillary benefits to improve the drug's antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
| | | | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
| | - Jallat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mogana Das Murtey
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hira Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Pak–Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000 Sichuan, China
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Murtey MD, Seeni A. The phytochemical analysis and pharmacological potentials of husk and straw as paddy waste products. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4347-4352. [PMID: 32248531 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice serves as a staple food for one-half of the global population. However, rice production, particularly the rice milling process, results in a substantial amount of paddy waste products (e.g. bran, husk and straw) annually. Because the potentials of bran have been extensively explored in prior studies, the present review focuses exclusively on the phytochemical analysis and pharmacological potentials of husk and straw. This comprehensive review establishes a solid foundation for promoting husk and straw as medicinal substances given their promising pharmacological potentials as bioactive compound sources with therapeutic functions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogana Das Murtey
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences. Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Azman Seeni
- Cluster of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
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Jaafar H, Tuan Sharif SE, Das Murtey M. Pattern of Collagen Fibers and Localization of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 during Breast Cancer Invasion. Tumori Journal 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1660.18194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia, KubangKerian, KelantanDarulNaim, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia, KubangKerian, KelantanDarulNaim, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Das Murtey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia, KubangKerian, KelantanDarulNaim, Malaysia
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Jaafar H, Sharif SET, Murtey MD. Pattern of collagen fibers and localization of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 during breast cancer invasion. Tumori 2014; 100:e204-11. [PMID: 25343559 DOI: 10.1700/1660.18194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Parenchymal cells naturally interact, react and adapt with the environment including stromal components around them in order to maintain tissue architecture and function. However, studies have shown that this spontaneous interaction will become crucial in assisting cancer invasion. The purpose of the study was to analyze the pattern of collagen deposition and localization of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the tumor microenvironment during breast cancer invasion. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A standard transmission electron microscopy procedure was used together with the immunogold technique with a few modifications. RESULTS The ultrastructure of fibroblasts in the vicinity of cancer cells was thick, elongated and spindle shaped with nuclear indentations. Desmoplasia was present near the cancer cells. Collagen fibers were still arranged parallel to the cancer cells and fibroblasts but were less dense than collagen fibers far from cancer cells and fibroblasts. Collagen fibers were less dense in the pericellular region because of proteolytic enzyme activity, which facilitates the invasion of breast cancer cells. In immunogold localization analysis, matrix metalloproteinase 9 had consistent localization throughout cancer cells, fibroblast and stroma. In matrix metalloproteinase 2 localization, gold conjugates were more heavily deposited in cancer cells and fibroblasts than in the stroma. CONCLUSIONS Invasive breast carcinoma is not an independent entity, and its survival depends on the surrounding microenvironment.
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Jaafar H, Abdullah S, Murtey MD, Idris FM. Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in Tumour Cells and Blood Vessels of Breast Cancer and their Association with Angiogenesis and Hormonal Receptors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:3857-62. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Jaafar H, Sharif SET, Murtey MD. Distinctive Features of Advancing Breast Cancer Cells and Interactions with Surrounding Stroma Observed Under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1305-10. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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