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Hamdi A, Yaseen M, Ewes WA, Bhat MA, Ziedan NI, El-Shafey HW, Mohamed AAB, Elnagar MR, Haikal A, Othman DIA, Elgazar AA, Abusabaa AHA, Abdelrahman KS, Soltan OM, Elbadawi MM. Development of new thiazolidine-2,4-dione hybrids as aldose reductase inhibitors endowed with antihyperglycaemic activity: design, synthesis, biological investigations, and in silico insights. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2231170. [PMID: 37470409 PMCID: PMC10361003 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2231170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This research study describes the development of new small molecules based on 2,4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) and their aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activities. The synthesis of 17 new derivatives of 2,4-TZDs hybrids was feasible by incorporating two known bioactive scaffolds, benzothiazole heterocycle, and nitro phenacyl moiety. The most active hybrid (8b) was found to inhibit AR in a non-competitive manner (0.16 µM), as confirmed by kinetic studies and molecular docking simulations. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that compound 8b had a significant hypoglycaemic effect in mice with hyperglycaemia induced by streptozotocin. Fifty milligrams per kilogram dose of 8b produced a marked decrease in blood glucose concentration, and a lower dose of 5 mg/kg demonstrated a noticeable antihyperglycaemic effect. These outcomes suggested that compound 8b may be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Hamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Wafaa A Ewes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha I Ziedan
- Department of physical, mathematical and Engineering science, Faculty of science, Business and Enterprise, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Hamed W El-Shafey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A B Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Haikal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dina I A Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H A Abusabaa
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Kamal S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Gendy AM, Soubh A, Elnagar MR, Hamza E, Ahmed KA, Aglan A, El-Haddad AE, Farag MA, El-Sadek HM. New insights into the role of berberine against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal neurotoxicity: Possible role of BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113721. [PMID: 36907500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (Berb) is a major alkaloid with potential protective effects against multiple neurological disorders. Nevertheless, its positive effect against 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) induced Huntington's disease (HD) modulation has not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the possible action mechanisms of Berb against such neurotoxicity using an in vivo rats model pretreated with Berb (100 mg/kg, p.o.) alongisde 3NP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at the latter 2 weeks to induce HD symptoms. Berb revealed its capacity to partially protect the striatum as mediated via the activation of BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling and amelioration of neuroinflammation status by blocking NF-κB p65 with a concomitant reduction in its downstream cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, its antioxidant potential was evidenced from induction of Nrf2 and GSH levels concurrent with a reduction in MDA level. Furthermore, Berb anti-apoptotic effect was manifested through the induction of pro-survival protein (Bcl-2) and down-regulation of the apoptosis biomarker (caspase-3). Finally, Berb intake ascertained its striatum protective action by improving the motor and histopathological abnormalities with concomitant dopamine restoration. In conclusion, Berb appears to modulate 3NP-induced neurotoxicity by moderating BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling besides its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Gendy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Soubh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11823, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq
| | - Eman Hamza
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Horus University, Damietta, 11765, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aglan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
| | - Alaadin E El-Haddad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hagar M El-Sadek
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
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Kamel MS, Aboelez MO, Elnagar MR, Shokr EK, Selim HMRM, Abdel‐Ghany HE, Drar AM, Belal A, El Hamd MA, Abd El Aleem Ali Ali El‐Remaily M. Green Synthesis Design, Spectroscopic Characterizations, and Biological Activities of Novel Pyrrole Derivatives: An Application to Evaluate Their Toxic Effect on
Cotton Aphids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumen S. Kamel
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag 82524 Egypt
| | - Moustafa O. Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Sohag University Sohag 82524 Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University Cairo 11823 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy The Islamic University Najaf 54001 Iraq
| | - Elders Kh. Shokr
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag 82524 Egypt
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M. Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Maarefa University Diriyah 13713 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Depaetment of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University Egypt
| | | | - Ali M. Drar
- Dpartement of Insecticides Plant Protection Research Institute Agriculture Research Center Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Shaqra University Shaqra 11961 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy South Valley University Qena 83523 Egypt
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Hassan HM, Elnagar MR, Abdelrazik E, Mahdi MR, Hamza E, Elattar EM, ElNashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Al-Qahtani Z, Al-Khater KM, Aldahhan RA, ELdesoqui M. Neuroprotective effect of naringin against cerebellar changes in Alzheimer's disease through modulation of autophagy, oxidative stress and tau expression: An experimental study. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1012422. [PMID: 36312298 PMCID: PMC9615142 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1012422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual cognitive decline. Strong antioxidants that inhibit free radicals, such as polyphenols, reduce the likelihood of developing oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as AD. Naringin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruit shown to be neuroprotective, reduce oxidative damage and minimize histopathological changes caused by ischemic reperfusion, enhance the long-term memory in AD animal models. This work aimed to comprehend the role of naringin in the defense of the cerebellum against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD in rats by investigating the behavioral, neurochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular mechanisms that underpin its possible neuroprotective effects. Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): (i) Control (C) received saline per oral (p.o.), (ii) Naringin(N)-received naringin (100 mg/kg/d) p.o, (iii) AlCl3-recived AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/d) p.o and (iv) AlCl3 + Naringin (AlCl3 + N) received both AlCl3 and naringin p.o for 21 days. Behavioral tests showed an increase in the time to reach the platform in Morris water maze, indicating memory impairment in the AlCl3-treated group, but co-administration of naringin showed significant improvement. The Rotarod test demonstrated a decrease in muscle coordination in the AlCl3-treated group, while it was improved in the AlCl3 + N group. Neurochemical analysis of the hippocampus and cerebellum revealed that AlCl3 significantly increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and decreased levels of reduced glutathione. Administration of naringin ameliorated these neurochemical changes via its antioxidant properties. Cerebellar immunohistochemical expression for microtubule assembly (tau protein) and oxidative stress (iNOS) increased in A1C13-treated group. On the other hand, the expression of the autophagic marker (LC3) in the cerebellum showed a marked decline in AlCl3-treated group. Western blot analysis confirmed the cerebellar immunohistochemical findings. Collectively, these findings suggested that naringin could contribute to the combat of oxidative and autophagic stress in the cerebellum of AlCl3-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M. Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Eman Abdelrazik
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Mahdi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Elattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed ElNashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainah Al-Qahtani
- Neurology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulood Mohammed Al-Khater
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid A. Aldahhan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh ELdesoqui
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Salam HS, Tawfik MM, Elnagar MR, Mohammed HA, Zarka MA, Awad NS. Potential Apoptotic Activities of Hylocereus undatus Peel and Pulp Extracts in MCF-7 and Caco-2 Cancer Cell Lines. Plants 2022; 11:plants11172192. [PMID: 36079573 PMCID: PMC9459728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a huge demand for novel anticancer agents with fewer side effects compared to current therapies. Pitaya, or dragon fruit, is a reservoir of potent anticancer compounds. This research aimed to analyze the phytochemical components of Hylocereus undatus pulp and peel extracts using LC-MS and GC-MS, and to investigate the in vitro effects of both extracts against cancer (breast, MCF-7, and colon, Caco-2) and normal (lung; WI-38 and breast; MCF-10A) cell proliferation using the MTT assay. The apoptosis potential of the anticancer effects was also evaluated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the peel extract were significantly higher than those in the pulp extract. Compared to the flavonoid and phenolic acid standards, the LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of nine compounds, which were represented as 84.32 and 5.29 µg/g of the flavonoids and 686.11 and 148.72 µg/g of the phenolic acids in the peel and pulp extracts, respectively. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin were found at the highest concentration in both plant extracts. Both extracts displayed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cells after 48 h of treatment at IC50 values ranging from 14 to 53 μg/mL with high selective indices against normal WI-38 and MCF-10A cell lines. The increase in apoptosis was revealed by the overexpression of p53, BAX, and caspase-9 and the downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions. The results indicate that H. undatus extracts can be a plant source for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin S. Salam
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (M.R.E.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.R.E.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Zarka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Nabil S. Awad
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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Abdelaal MR, Ibrahim E, Elnagar MR, Soror SH, Haffez H. Augmented Therapeutic Potential of EC-Synthetic Retinoids in Caco-2 Cancer Cells Using an In Vitro Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169442. [PMID: 36012706 PMCID: PMC9409216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer therapies have produced promising clinical responses, but tumor cells rapidly develop resistance to these drugs. It has been previously shown that EC19 and EC23, two EC-synthetic retinoids, have single-agent preclinical anticancer activity in colorectal carcinoma. Here, isobologram analysis revealed that they have synergistic cytotoxicity with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) isoform-selective agonistic retinoids such as AC261066 (RARβ2-selective agonist) and CD437 (RARγ-selective agonist) in Caco-2 cells. This synergism was confirmed by calculating the combination index (lower than 1) and the dose reduction index (higher than 1). Flow cytometry of combinatorial IC50 (the concentration causing 50% cell death) confirmed the cell cycle arrest at the SubG0-G1 phase with potentiated apoptotic and necrotic effects. The reported synergistic anticancer activity can be attributed to their ability to reduce the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multi-drug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70). This adds up to the apoptosis-promoting activity of EC19 and EC23, as shown by the increased Caspase-3/7 activities and DNA fragmentation leading to DNA double-strand breaks. This study sheds the light on the possible use of EC-synthetic retinoids in the rescue of multi-drug resistance in colorectal cancer using Caco-2 as a model and suggests new promising combinations between different synthetic retinoids. The current in vitro results pave the way for future studies on these compounds as possible cures for colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Abdelaal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Esraa Ibrahim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Sameh H. Soror
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1094-970-173
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Abdallah AE, Mabrouk RR, Elnagar MR, Farrag AM, Kalaba MH, Sharaf MH, El-Fakharany EM, Bakhotmah DA, Elkaeed EB, Al Ward MMS. New Series of VEGFR-2 Inhibitors and Apoptosis Enhancers: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:587-606. [PMID: 35281317 PMCID: PMC8904266 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s344750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is still a major world health threat, causing a high rate of mortality. VEGFR-2 inhibitor anticancer agents are of great significance. However, they showed some serious side effects. Purpose To discover new effective and safer anticancer agents, a new series of piperazinylquinoxaline-based derivatives was designed and synthesized on the basis of the pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitor drugs. Methods The new candidates were evaluated against A549 lung cancer cells, HepG-2 hepatoma cells, Caco-2 colon cancer cells, MDA breast cancer cells, and VEGFR-2 kinase. Moreover, cell cycle kinetics and apoptosis rates were studied in HepG-2 cells treated with compound 11, which was the most promising candidate. Results The new derivatives revealed better antitumor results (IC50 from 6.48 to 38.58 µM) against the aforementioned cancer cell lines than sorafenib. Also, the new candidates showed VEGFR-2 inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 0.19 to 0.60 µM compared to 0.08 µM for sorafenib. Compound 11, meanwhile, showed IC50 values equal to 10.61, 9.52, 12.45, 11.52, and 0.19 µM against the cancer cell lines and VEGFR-2, respectively. Moreover, compound 11 raised the apoptosis rate in HepG-2 cells from 5% to 44% and caused 4, 2.3, and 3-fold increases in BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 level, and P53 expression, respectively, compared to control untreated cells. Finally, the new derivatives displayed the correct binding mode into VEGFR-2 kinase pocket, giving interactions with the essential residues. Conclusion This work suggests that compound 11 is a very significant anticancer candidate, and piperazinylquinoxaline is an important scaffold in the development of new potential effective and safer VEGFR-2 inhibitor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah E Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Reda R Mabrouk
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amel Mostafa Farrag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Sharaf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - Dina Abed Bakhotmah
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Mohammed Saleh Al Ward
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
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Gendy A, Elnagar MR, Soubh A, Al-Mokaddem A, El-Haddad A, El-Sayed MK. Morin alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced mischief: In vivo and in silico contribution of Nrf2, TLR4, and NLRP3. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111539. [PMID: 34311537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Morin (MRN), a known natural flavonol, has demonstrated its shielding aptitude against ischemia/reperfusion (I/Re) lesion in various organs. Nonetheless, its potential influence on hepatic I/Re-induced injury modulation has not been fully elucidated. Consequently, the current study strived to investigate the mechanistic maneuvering of MRN against hepatic I/Re. Furthermore, the effects of MRN on Nrf2, TLR4, and NLRP3 proteins were evaluated via molecular docking studies. METHODS For fulfilling this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were allotted into 4 groups; Sham-operated (ShG), hepatic I/Re (30 min/24 h), and 10 days orally pre-treated MRN (50 and 100 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS MRN mechanistic maneuver disclosed its ability to safeguard the hepatocytes partially due to antioxidant aptitude through intensifying the expression/content of Nrf2/HO-1 trajectory accompanied by total antioxidant capacity boosting besides MDA lessening. In addition, MRN anti-inflammatory attribute was affirmed by downsizing the expression/content of TLR4/NF-κB trajectory accompanied by a sequent lessening of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1 content. Moreover, MRN action entangled NLRP3 inhibitory character with subsequent MPO rebating. Furthermore, MRN anti-apoptotic trait verified by diminishing the pro-apoptotic and the executioner markers; Bax and caspase-3 levels, respectively. On the other hand, MRN administration proved its shielding action by improving the histopathological deterioration and lessening the serum ALT and AST levels. Finally, in silico studies exhibited moderate to promising binding affinities of MRN with the selected proteins ranging from -4.23 to -6.09 kcal mol-1. CONCLUSION Higher and lower doses of MRN purveyed plausible defensive mechanisms and abated episodes concomitant with hepatic I/Re mischief in part, by modifying oxidative status and inflammation by the impact on Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/ NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Gendy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Ayman Soubh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Al-Mokaddem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Alaadin El-Haddad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kotb El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11790, Egypt
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Abdelaal MR, Soror SH, Elnagar MR, Haffez H. Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020506. [PMID: 33477997 PMCID: PMC7835894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and Aim: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation and inhibits growth of many cancer cells. However, resistance develops rapidly prompting the urgent need for new synthetic and potent derivatives. EC19 and EC23 are two synthetic retinoids with potent stem cell neuro-differentiation activity. Here, these compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity using an array of different cancer cell lines. (2) Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, AV/PI (annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI)), cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemistry, gene expression analysis, Western blotting, measurement of glutamate and total antioxidant concentrations were recruited. (3) Results: HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 were the most sensitive cell lines; HepG2 (ATRA; 36.2, EC19; 42.2 and EC23; 0.74 µM), Caco-2 (ATRA; 58.0, EC19; 10.8 and EC23; 14.7 µM) and MCF-7 (ATRA; 99.0, EC19; 9.4 and EC23; 5.56 µM). Caco-2 cells were selected for further biochemical investigations. Isobologram analysis revealed the combined synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil with substantial reduction in IC50. All retinoids induced apoptosis but EC19 had higher potency, with significant cell cycle arrest at subG0-G1, -S and G2/M phases, than ATRA and EC23. Moreover, EC19 reduced cellular metastasis in a transwell invasion assay due to overexpression of E-cadherin, retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) and Werner (WRN) genes. (4) Conclusion: The present study suggests that EC-synthetic retinoids, particularly EC19, can be effective, alone or in combinations, for potential anticancer activity to colorectal cancer. Further in vivo studies are recommended to pave the way for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Abdelaal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sameh H. Soror
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1094970173
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10
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Yousef A, Saleh IG, Abd-Allah ARA, Elnagar MR, Akool ES. PEG-SOD attenuates the mitogenic ERK1/2 signaling cascade induced by cyclosporin A in the liver and kidney of albino mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109245. [PMID: 32866465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA) is one of the most common immunosuppressive agents used in organ transplantation. However, its clinical use is often limited by several unwanted effects including nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. By using immunohistochemical and ELISA techniques, it was found that CsA administration causes a rapid activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteases-17 (ADAM-17), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and subsequent ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the liver and kidney of albino mice. Furthermore, this study presents mechanistic relevance of this signaling cascade involving reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated ADAM-17/EGFR/ERK1/2 activation as indicated by a clear reduction in ADAM-17 and EGFR activities as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation when the animals pretreated with Polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) before CsA administration. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CsA has the ability to activate ADAM-17-mediated EGFR/ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the liver and kidney of albino mice in ROS-dependent manner. Finally, these data may support the concept of using antioxidant therapy as a valuable approach for the prevention of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yousef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I G Saleh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel R A Abd-Allah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Aborehab NM, Elnagar MR, Waly NE. Gallic acid potentiates the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin via overexpression of Bax and P53 on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22638. [PMID: 33002289 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment, breast cancer remains the widest spread disease among females with a high mortality rate. We investigated the potential effects of gallic acid (GA) as supportive therapy in the management of breast cancer. Anti-cancer activity with GA alone or in combination with paclitaxel and/or carboplatin was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide. The mechanism underlying the antiproliferative effects was investigated by measuring the expression of the pro-apoptotic marker (Bax), CASP-3, anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), and, tumor suppressor (p53) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell cycle analysis was performed for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. GA, paclitaxel, and carboplatin alone or in combination arrested cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase and induced Pre-G1 apoptosis. RT-PCR showed that the triplet combination significantly raised P53, Bax, and CASP-3 mRNA expression (20.1 ± 1.41, 16.6 ± 0.43, and 20.04 ± 1.61, respectively) in MCF-7 cells when compared to single or combined treatment (p < .0001) while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA levels were decreased in all treated groups compared to untreated cells. Western blot data of tested apoptotic factors were consistent with RT-PCR results. For the first time, we show that a minimum non-toxic concentration of GA increased the efficacy of paclitaxel- and carboplatin-induced MCF-7 apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermien E Waly
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Medical Education, Creighton School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Romero-Leguizamón CR, Elnagar MR, Kristiansen U, Kohlmeier KA. Increasing cellular lifespan with a flow system in organotypic culture of the Laterodorsal Tegmentum (LDT). Sci Rep 2019; 9:1486. [PMID: 30728375 PMCID: PMC6365664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic brain culture is an experimental tool widely used in neuroscience studies. One major drawback of this technique is reduced neuronal survival across time, which is likely exacerbated by the loss of blood flow. We have designed a novel, tube flow system, which is easily incorporated into the commonly-used, standard semi-permeable membrane culture methodology which has significantly enhanced neuronal survival in a brain stem nucleus involved in control of motivated and arousal states: the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT). Our automated system provides nutrients and removes waste in a comparatively aseptic environment, while preserving temperature, and oxygen levels. Using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology, our system was found superior to standard techniques in preserving tissue quality and survival of LDT cells for up to 2 weeks. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time that the LDT can be preserved in organotypic slice culture, and further, our technical improvements of adding a flow system, which likely enhanced perfusion to the slice, were associated with enhanced neuronal survival. Our perfusion system is expected to facilitate organotypic experiments focused on chronic stimulations and multielectrode recordings in the LDT, as well as enhance neuronal survival in slice cultures originating from other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- César R Romero-Leguizamón
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Uffe Kristiansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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13
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Elnagar MR, Walls AB, Helal GK, Hamada FM, Thomsen MS, Jensen AA. Functional characterization of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptor signaling in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in an ERK phosphorylation assay. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Elnagar MR, Walls AB, Helal GK, Hamada FM, Thomsen MS, Jensen AA. Probing the putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex in human and murine cortex and hippocampus: Different degrees of complex formation in healthy and Alzheimer brain tissue. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189513. [PMID: 29261717 PMCID: PMC5738045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of central cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively. In addition to numerous well-established functional interactions between α7 nAChRs and NMDARs, the two receptors have been proposed to form a multimeric complex, and in the present study we have investigated this putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR assembly in human and murine brain tissues. By α-bungarotoxin (BGT) affinity purification, α7 and NMDAR subunits were co-purified from human and murine cortical and hippocampal homogenates, substantiating the notion that the receptors are parts of a multimeric complex in the human and rodent brain. Interestingly, the ratios between GluN1 and α7 levels in BGT pull-downs from cortical homogenates from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains were significantly lower than those in pull-downs from non-AD controls, indicating a reduced degree of α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex formation in the diseased tissue. A similar difference in GluN1/α7 ratios was observed between pull-downs from cortical homogenates from adult 3xTg-AD and age-matched wild type (WT) mice, whereas the GluN1/α7 ratios determined in pull-downs from young 3xTg-AD and age-matched WT mice did not differ significantly. The observation that pretreatment with oligomeric amyloid-β1–42 reduced GluN1/α7 ratios in BGT pull-downs from human cortical homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner provided a plausible molecular mechanism for this observed reduction. In conclusion, while it will be important to further challenge the existence of the putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex in future studies applying other methodologies than biochemical assays and to investigate the functional implications of this complex for cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, this work supports the formation of the complex and presents new insights into its regulation in healthy and diseased brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anne Byriel Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gouda K. Helal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid M. Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Morten Skøtt Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- * E-mail: (AAJ); (MST)
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- * E-mail: (AAJ); (MST)
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