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Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S, Farajli Abbasi M, Ghasemi M, Bayat G, Davoodian N, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Poormoosavi SM, Rafizadeh M, Maleki M, Shirzad-Aski H, Kargar Jahromi H, Dadkhah M, Khalvati B, Safari T, Behmanesh MA, Khoshnam SE, Houshmand G, Talaei SA. Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:40. [PMID: 36514128 PMCID: PMC9746144 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia" and "analgesia" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.415814.d0000 0004 0612 272XThe National Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research, Floor 13th, Complex A, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Eyvanak Blvd., Shahrake Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bayat
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Davoodian
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Melika Rafizadeh
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- grid.449129.30000 0004 0611 9408Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski
- grid.411747.00000 0004 0418 0096Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- grid.444764.10000 0004 0612 0898Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- grid.411426.40000 0004 0611 7226Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Tahereh Safari
- grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, PhD, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Behmanesh
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Houshmand
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Naderi R, Pardakhty A, Abbasi MF, Ranjbar M, Iranpour M. Preparation and evaluation of crocin loaded in nanoniosomes and their effects on ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rat kidney. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23525. [PMID: 34876613 PMCID: PMC8651637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a powerful antioxidant compound, crocin can partially protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The encapsulation of components in niosomes (non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle) as nano-sized carrier systems has been proposed as they improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs. Herein, the encapsulation of crocin in nano-niosomes and the effects of crocin-loaded nano-niosomes on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced damages were evaluated. Nano-niosomes containing crocin were formulated by a modified heating method and were characterized for their physicochemical characteristics. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal artery for 30 min followed by 1 or 24 h of reperfusion. Rats received an intra-arterial injection of nano-niosome-loaded crocin at the outset of reperfusion. Blood samples were taken after reperfusion to measure urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The right kidney was removed for histological examination. The results showed that crocin-contain nano-niosomes have appropriate size and morphology, acceptable encapsulation efficiency, and a proper release pattern of crocin. I/R enhanced creatinine (Cr), urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels and reduced SOD activity and histological damages in the renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Naderi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 76175-493, 76169-11319, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 76175-493, 76169-11319, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 76175-493, 76169-11319, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S, Mirabzadeh Ardakani E, Sadighi J, Aldavood SJ, Farajli Abbasi M, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Ghasemi A, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Hatami Z, Nikravanfard N, Shamsi Gooshki E. Guideline for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals in Iran. Lab Anim (NY) 2021; 50:303-305. [PMID: 34621075 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-021-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh
- Comparative Medicine Group, Preclinical Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Jila Sadighi
- Department of Health Promotion, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javid Aldavood
- Professor Emeritus, Small Animal Internal Medicine Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England
| | - Zahra Hatami
- National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Nikravanfard
- National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Raeisi Estabragh MA, Pardakhty A, Ahmadzadeh S, Dabiri S, Malekpour Afshar R, Farajli Abbasi M. Successful Application of Alpha Lipoic Acid Niosomal Formulation in Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:541-549. [PMID: 35935040 PMCID: PMC9348526 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Free radicals such as hydroxyl and peroxide are contributing factors to neuronal destruction in cerebral ischemia. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is one of the potent known antioxidants. Preparation of ALA niosomes allows IV injection and can increase bioavailability and penetration into the central nervous system (CNS).
Methods: Film hydration method was used to prepare different niosomes composed of Span®, Tween®, and cholesterol at different molar ratio. ALA and niosome-forming compounds were dissolved in chloroform, before removing the organic solvent by rotary evaporator. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, control group, intravenous (IV) injection of empty niosomes plus intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ALA solution, and finally, IV injection of ALA niosomes. Rats were subjected to deep anesthesia before inducing cerebral ischemia, then, their internal common carotid arteries were clamped for 15 min and reperfusion was done for 30 min. Niosomal ALA was injected intravenously just before declamping.
Results: Mean volume diameter of the prepared niosomes was between 4.36 ± 0.82 and 19.95 ± 1.21 μm in different formulations. Encapsulation efficiency percent (EE%) of ALA in the selected formulation, Span60/Tween60/cholesterol (35:35:30 molar ratio), was 94.5 ± 0.2, and 59.27 ± 5.61% of ALA was released after 4h. In the niosomal group, the rate of reduction in complications of cerebral ischemia such as histopathologic changes and acute damage (from score 3 to 1) in CNS was higher than other groups.
Conclusion: The obtained results show that niosomes can be used as effective drug delivery systems for ALA in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Malekpour Afshar
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Faridi A, Afgar A, Mousavi SM, Nasibi S, Mohammadi MA, Farajli Abbasi M, Fasihi Harandi M. Intestinal Expression of miR-130b, miR-410b, and miR-98a in Experimental Canine Echinococcosis by Stem-Loop RT-qPCR. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:507. [PMID: 33005638 PMCID: PMC7480022 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic cestode dwelling in the small intestine of canid definitive hosts. Intermediate hosts are a wide range of domestic and wild ungulates. Human infection with the larval stage causes cystic echinococcosis. Understanding the nature and extent of molecular mechanisms involved in host–parasite interactions helps to answer some very basic questions in the biology of cestode parasites with significant implications in the management and control of cystic echinococcosis. Little is known on the miRNAs expression in the intestinal tissues of dogs infected with E. granulosus. In the present study, expression of a selected profile of miRNAs was evaluated in experimental canine echinococcosis. MiRNAs were extracted from 20 different parts of small intestinal tract of two sibling 3-months-old mix-breed dogs. Complementary DNA was specifically synthesized using an optimized stem-loop system. Intestinal expression of four miRNAs (cfa-let7g, cfa-miR-98, cfamiR-410, cfa-miR-130b) was evaluated using RT-qPCR. The results of the study indicate a significant difference between test and control dogs in cfamiR-130b, cfa-miR-98, and cfa-miR-410 (P ≤ 0.05); however, there was no significant difference for cfa-let7g. The most upregulated miRNAs were cfamiR-130b and cfa-miR-98. An increasing trend for cfa-let7g and a declining trend for cfa-miR-98, cfa-miR-410, and cfamiR-130b were found toward the distal segments of the small intestine. Our study revealed that cfa-miR-98, cfa-miR-410, and cfamiR-130b are involved in the definitive host response in canine echinococcosis. The study provides new information on the molecular basis of interactions between E. granulosus and dogs in terms of miRNA expression and showed that E. granulosus infection could increase the expression of some pro-inflammatory miRNAs at the cellular level in the definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Faridi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Afgar
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohammadi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Farajli Abbasi M, Molaei MM, Kheirandish R, Mostafavi A. Chemical disbudding of goat kids with subcutaneous administration of synthetic eugenol: Histopathology and morphometry. Vet Res Forum 2018; 9:225-230. [PMID: 30357100 PMCID: PMC6198155 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.32084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous administration of synthetic eugenol (EG) for disbudding of goat kids, as a new chemical method. Thirty apparently healthy Raieni (Cashmere) goat kids (five-day-old) were divided randomly into six groups (n = 5). In the pathology (P) groups (P3, P8 and P60 according to the sample collection day after injection) an amount of 0.10 mL of EG was subcutaneously administrated in both horn buds. In the disbudding 1 and 2 (DB1, DB2) groups, 0.10 mL of EG, and in the control (C) group 0.10 mL normal saline was subcutaneously injected in the right horn buds, respectively. Eugenol injection in DB2 group was done in twelve-day-old goat kids. The left horn buds of DB1, DB2 and C groups were considered as control of horn outgrowing. The horn buds, kidneys, liver, lung, brain and heart, tissue specimens were collected from P3 and P8 groups, and bud skin samples were collected from P60 group. The results showed that the EG was able to stop the horn growth in the first week of goat life. There was no significant difference between left and right horn size in the C group. Histopathological study revealed complete necrosis of bud tissue in dermal and epidermal layers, in P3 animals. Healing and re-epithelialization were seen in the samples taken from P8 group. Subcutaneous injection of the synthetic EG can be considered as a new method for goat kids disbudding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Molaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran;
| | - Reza Kheirandish
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran;
| | - Ali Mostafavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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Farajli Abbasi M, Shojaei B, Azari O. Congenital lumbar vertebrae agenesis in a lamb. Vet Res Forum 2017; 8:361-363. [PMID: 29326797 PMCID: PMC5756258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Congenital agenesis of lumbar vertebrae was diagnosed in a day-old female lamb based on radiology and clinical examinations. There was no neurological deficit in hindlimb and forelimb associated with standing disability. Radiography of the abdominal region revealed absence of lumbar vertebrae. Necropsy confirmed clinical and radiographic results. No other anomaly or agenesis was seen macroscopically in the abdominal and thoracic regions as well as vertebral column. Partial absence of vertebral column has been reported in human and different animal species, as an independent occurrence or associated with other organs anomalies. The latter has been designated as caudal regression syndrome. Vertebral agenesis may arise from irregularity in the differentiation of somites to the sclerotome or sclerotome to the vertebral primordium. Most of the previously reported cases of agenesis were related to the lumbosacral region, lonely or along with other visceral absences. This case was the first report of congenital agenesis of lumbar vertebrae in a lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Post Graduate Student of Veterinary Surgery, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran;
| | - Bahador Shojaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; ,Correspondence: Bahador Shojaei. DVM, PhD, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Omid Azari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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Azari O, Kheirandish R, Azizi S, Farajli Abbasi M, Ghahramani Gareh Chaman S, Bidi M. Protective Effects of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and E Alone or in Combination against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat. Iran J Pathol 2015; 10:272-280. [PMID: 26351497 PMCID: PMC4539741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations, following a transient drop in total or regional blood flow to the kidney. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of different antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, hydrocortisone and combination of these agents against experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHOD Thirty male rats were divided into six groups. Group Sham, Group I/R: (45 min of ischemia followed by 1h of reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit C: (50 mg/kg Vit C, IV, immediately after reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit E: (20 mg/kg Vit E, IM, 15 min before reperfusion), Group I/R+Hydrocortisone: (50 mg/kg, IV, immediately after reperfusion), and Group Combination: Ischemia-reperfusion plus combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone. After the experiments, the left kidney was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination. RESULT Severe injuries such as necrosis of tubules, atrophy of glomerulus, and hemorrhage were observed in group I/R. Histological scores indicating tissue injury significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to the group I/R. The renal tissue in group treatment was preserved in comparison with the group I/R. Comparison between the treatment groups showed that group combination was more effective and group vit E was less effective in protecting of renal tissue against I/R injuries. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated simultaneous administration of combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone before reperfusion of blood flow to the ischemic tissue could show a synergy against deleterious effects of I/R injuries in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azari
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar Univercity of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Kheirandish
- Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Bidi
- Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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