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Hameed TK, Al Dubayee MS, Masuadi EM, Al-Anzi FG, Al Asmary NA. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness in a cohort of Saudi doctors under training: A cross sectional study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:695-699. [PMID: 34690649 PMCID: PMC8498694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies have highlighted an increasing prevalence of depression and sleep problems among physicians during their residency training in the medical field. The study aims to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleepiness among the residents of different medical specialties in the two regions of KSA and describe the factors that potentially cause depression and sleepiness. Methods A survey was distributed to the residents of King Abdulaziz Medical City in the Riyadh province, and to the residents of King Fahad Specialist Hospital Buraidah and Maternity and Children's Hospital Buraidah in the Qassim province. The Patients' Health Questionnaire-2 was used to determine the prevalence of depression and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to measure sleepiness. Results One hundred and eighty-one residents completed the survey. While depressive symptoms were prevalent among 93% of the residents, 49% of the residents reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Depressive symptoms were more common in the residents of King Abdulaziz Medical City, with the prevalence being 94.5%. There was a significant association between depressive symptoms and excessive sleepiness (p = 0.046). Conclusion Depressive symptoms and excessive sleepiness are highly prevalent in postgraduate trainees. Residents with depression were found to be sleepier during their work. Given the negative effect on patient safety, the high prevalence of both depressive symptoms and sleepiness is alarming. There is an urgent need to improve residents' wellness through well-structured well-being programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir K Hameed
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Mohammed S Al Dubayee
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Emad M Masuadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | - Nejoud A Al Asmary
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, KSA
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Alswat KA, Nasr A, Al Dubayee MS, Talaat IM, Alsulaimani AA, Mohamed IAA, Allam G. The Potential Role of PTPN-22 C1858T Gene Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes in Saudi Population. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:521-533. [PMID: 29611765 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1458109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations have reported an association between protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type-22 (PTPN-22) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in some populations and not in others. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of PTPN-22 C1858T polymorphism with T1D in Saudi children. METHODS A cohort of 372 type 1 diabetic children and 372 diabetes-free subjects was enrolled in the current investigation. The PTPN-22 C1858T polymorphism was identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS Our data showed that the frequency of CT and TT genotypes of PTPN-22 C1858T was higher in T1D children (17.7% and 4.3%, respectively) compared to healthy controls (4.8% and 1.6%, respectively), and both genotypes were statistically associated with T1D patients (OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 2.55-7.58, p < 0.001; and OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.23-8.28, p = 0.017, respectively). Moreover, the 1858T allele was significantly associated with T1D patients compared to the C allele (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.59-6.88, p < 0.001). In addition, the T allele was significantly associated with elevated levels of HbA1c, anti-GAD, and anti-insulin antibodies (p < 0.001) and a lower concentration of C-peptide (p < 0.001) in T1D children. CONCLUSION The data presented here suggests that the T allele of PTPN-22 C1858T polymorphism might be a risk factor for T1D development in Saudi children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Alswat
- a Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia.,b Diabetic Center , Prince Mansour Military Community Hospital , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Amre Nasr
- c King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,d King Abdullah International Medical Research Center KAIMRC , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al Dubayee
- c King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,d King Abdullah International Medical Research Center KAIMRC , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,e King Abdulaziz Medical City , Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman M Talaat
- f Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Adnan A Alsulaimani
- b Diabetic Center , Prince Mansour Military Community Hospital , Taif , Saudi Arabia.,g Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad A A Mohamed
- h Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Sharkia , Egypt.,i Department of Microbiology and Immunology , College of Medicine, Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Allam
- i Department of Microbiology and Immunology , College of Medicine, Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia.,j Immunology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
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Al Dubayee MS, Alayed H, Almansour R, Alqaoud N, Alnamlah R, Obeid D, Alshahrani A, Zahra MM, Nasr A, Al-Bawab A, Aljada A. Differential Expression of Human Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Phenotype Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Metformin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 30356719 PMCID: PMC6189318 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been demonstrated to be in a pro-inflammatory state in obesity and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), characterization of circulating PBMC phenotypes in the obese and T2DM and the effect of Metformin on these phenotypes in humans is still ill-defined and remains to be determined. Methods: Thirty normal healthy adult volunteers of normal weight, 30 obese subjects, 20 obese newly diagnosed diabetics and 30 obese diabetics on Metformin were recruited for the study. Fasting blood samples were collected and PBMC were isolated from whole blood. Polarization markers (CD86, IL-6, TNFα, iNOS, CD36, CD11c, CD169, CD206, CD163, CD68, CD11b, CD16, and CD14) were measured by RT-qPCR. Gene expression fold changes were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCT method for RT-qPCR. Results: Obesity and T2DM are associated an increased CD68 marker in PBMC. mRNA expression of CD11b, CD11c, CD169, and CD163 were significantly reduced in PBMC from T2DM subjects whereas CD11c was significantly inhibited in PBMC from obese subjects. On the other hand, macrophage M1-like phenotype was observed in T2DM circulation as demonstrated by increased mRNA expression of CD16, IL-6, iNOS, TNFα, and CD36. There were no significant changes in CD14 and CD86 in the obese and T2DM when compared to the lean subjects. Metformin treatment in T2DM reverted CD11c, CD169, IL-6, iNOS, TNFα, and CD36 to levels comparable to lean subjects. CD206 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in PBMC of T2DM while Metformin treatment inhibited CD206 expression levels. Conclusions: These data support the notion that PBMC in circulation in T2DM express different pattern of phenotypic markers than the patterns typically present in M1 and M2 like cells. These phenotypic markers could be representative of metabolically activated macrophages (MMe)-like cells. Metformin, on the other hand, reduces MMe-like cells in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alayed
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Almansour
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alqaoud
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alnamlah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Obeid
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Zahra
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amre Nasr
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al-Bawab
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Aljada
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Abstract
Objectives: To estimate age at menarche and to assess trends in menarcheal age among Saudi women. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among healthy prepubertal female school children and adolescents from September 2006 to July 2012 in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Study participants were invited from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Tanner stage, height, weight, body mass index, and socioeconomic parameters including parent’s level of education were collected. Age at menarche was compared with maternal age at menarche. Results: The study included 265 girls and mothers. Mean±standard deviation (SD) age at menarche for girls was 13.08 ± 1.1 years, and their distribution category across the ≤10 years was 4 (1.5%), 11-14 years was 239 (90.2%), and ≥15 years was 22 (8.3%) girls. Anthropometric measurements, mother’s level of education, and family income were not statistically significant determining factors associated with age at menarche. Mean ± SD age at menarche for mothers was 13.67 ± 1.4 years, and their distribution category across the ≤10 years was 7 (2.6%), 11-14 years was 172 (64.9%), and ≥15 years was 86 (32.5%). Girls attained menarche at younger age compared with their mothers (p<0.0001). A downward secular trend in age of menarche was observed (Cuzick test for trend = 0.049). Conclusion: Saudi girls attain menarcheal age earlier than their mothers, reflecting a downward secular trend in menarcheal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Al Alwan
- Educational Affairs, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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