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Alfhaid F, Alzahrani MK, Aljulifi MZ, Alrohaimi Y, Alawlah MN, AlMutairi FLM, Alkahtani SMH, Almousa MA, Alrashidi SN. Prevalence and Perception of HPV Vaccination Among Health Science Students in Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S695-S698. [PMID: 38595505 PMCID: PMC11000862 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_946_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was carried out to assess the prevalence and perception of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in health science students in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at different health science colleges of Majmaah University on female students. The knowledge of the participants regarding HPV was assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The history of vaccination of these female participants was also enquired. Results More than three-fifth of the participants had heard about HPV. Of these, 83 participants, 59 (71.1%), were aware that it is a disease of women and how to diagnose it. Most participants (86.7%) knew that it can cause cervical cancer, while only 57.8% knew it could be asymptomatic. There were 18% of such participants who thought that HPV and human immunodeficiency virus are the same and that there is no vaccine for the prevention of HPV. Only 14.5% (n = 12) were vaccinated against HPV. Conclusion A clear gap between knowledge and practice of HPV vaccination was observed, and health education should be planned to educate health professionals to avoid misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alfhaid
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Khater Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zaid Aljulifi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alrohaimi
- Department of Paediatric, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Nasser Alawlah
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sara Mohammad H. Alkahtani
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Al-Qassim Cluster, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Shaik RA, Vijaykrishnan B, Tanweer MK, Aljulifi MZ, Alzahrani MA, Alharbi MB, Ahmed MM. Conjunctival vessel morphology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings of a case-control study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:118-125. [PMID: 38235863 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that may lead to vision loss. Retinal problems are more likely to occur as the illness advances. Micro- and macro-vascular angiopathy is both linked to diabetes mellitus. Examining the impact of diabetes on blood vessels is one approach to understanding the disease's outward symptoms. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the morphology and breadth of conjunctival vessels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to establish a correlation between these alterations and clinical retinal changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, KIMS, Koppal, Karnataka. The study included diabetic patients who voluntarily participated and were assessed at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department (OPD). The general and ophthalmic history was taken for both cases and control. The best corrected visual acuity was estimated. Each subject, including cases and controls, had a general and ophthalmic history recorded. The anterior segment was evaluated with a slit lamp. After completing the clinical examination, the subjects underwent a conjunctival vessel imaging study using the slit lamp. The imaging included the study of conjunctival vessel morphology using ImageNet. RESULTS Both the test and control groups are comparable in terms of age and gender. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was shown to correlate with the conjunctival width range. Mild diabetic retinopathy is characterized by a conjunctival width of 30-34 microns (mean: 34.9), moderate diabetic retinopathy by 35-39 microns (mean: 37.3), severe diabetic retinopathy by 40-44 microns (mean: 42.4), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy by 50-54 microns (mean: 45.6). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus patients have larger conjunctival arteries as the disease becomes more severe. Dilated and tortuous conjunctival arteries are visible indicators that correlate with worsening diabetic retinopathy. This could be used for screening to ensure timely referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
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Shaik RA, Holyachi SK, Ahmad MS, Miraj M, Alzahrani M, Ahmad RK, Almehmadi BA, Aljulifi MZ, Alzahrani MA, Alharbi MB, Ahmed MM. Clinico-demographic and survival profile of people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1084210. [PMID: 37064669 PMCID: PMC10098347 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the demographic, clinical, and survival profile of people living with HIV. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients enrolled at a single antiretroviral therapy center in North Karnataka. A total of 11,099 were recruited from April 2007 to January 2020, out of which 3,676 were excluded and the final 7,423 entries were subjected to analysis. The outcome of interest was the time to death in months of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The clinical and demographic characteristics were examined as potential risk factors for survival analysis. To investigate the factors that influence the mortality of patients using ART, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed. Hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values were presented to show the significance. The log-rank test was used to determine the significance of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results Out of 7,423 HIV-positive people, majority were female (51.4%), heterosexual typology (89.2%), and in the age group 31-45 years (45.5%). The risk of death in male patients was 1.24 times higher (95% CI: 1.14-1.35) than female patients. Patients with age >45 were 1.67 times more likely to die than patients ≤30 (95% CI: 1.50-1.91). In the multivariable analysis, the hazards of mortality increased by 3.11 times (95% CI: 2.09-2.79) in patients with baseline CD4 count ≤50 as compared to those who had baseline CD4 count >200. The risk of death in patients who were diagnosed with TB was 1.30 times more (95% CI: 1.19-1.42) than in those who did not have TB. The survival probabilities at 3 and 90 months were more in female patients (93%, 70%) compared with male patients (89, 54%), respectively. Conclusion This study proved that age, sex, baseline CD4 count, and tuberculosis (TB) status act as risk factors for mortality among people with HIV. Prevention strategies, control measures, and program planning should be done based on the sociodemographic determinants of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahamed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharan K. Holyachi
- Department of Community Medicine, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, Koppal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad S. Ahmad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Miraj
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alzahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritu Kumar Ahmad
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Science, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A. Almehmadi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zaid Aljulifi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari A. Alzahrani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Muzammil Ahmed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
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Aljulifi MZ, Mahzari M, Alkhalifa L, Hassan E, Alshahrani AM, Alotay AA. The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:71-77. [PMID: 33818147 PMCID: PMC8020650 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited. OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM. DESIGN Cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population included adolescents and adults with T1DM who were screened for CD between 2010 and 2019. The study variables included age, sex, age at diagnosis of T1DM, age of positive celiac screening, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and other autoimmune diseases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of celiac disease in adolescents and adults with T1DM. SAMPLE SIZE 539 patients. RESULTS The prevalence of positive celiac test results was 11.5% (n=62). A small proportion (n=5, 8%) of the positive CD group was diagnosed with T1DM after they tested positive with the celiac screening test. Ten (16%) were diagnosed with T1DM and CD in the same year. The rest of the sample had a positive screening test after being diagnosed with T1DM. There was no statistically significant difference between the CD positive and negative groups for HbA1C, DKA frequency, microvascular complications of diabetes or thyroid disorder. For histopathological confirmation of CD, only 37% (n=23) of the group with a positive screening test underwent endoscopy. In this group, 43% (n=10) had normal endoscopic biopsy findings, 21.7% (n=5) had partial villous atrophy and 34.7% (n=8) had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of screening for CD in T1DM patients. CD prevalence is high in patients with T1DM, despite the high likelihood of underdiagnosis. Additional studies of different age groups and the use of different study methods are required. In addition, a unified national strategy to diagnose CD in T1DM patients is highly advisable. LIMITATIONS Retrospective, single-center, few confirmations of CD by intestinal biopsy. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zaid Aljulifi
- From the Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moeber Mahzari
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the College of of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Alkhalifa
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the College of of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esra Hassan
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the College of of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulwahed Abdulaziz Alotay
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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