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Venkataraman G, Shabala S, Véry AA, Hariharan GN, Somasundaram S, Pulipati S, Sellamuthu G, Harikrishnan M, Kumari K, Shabala L, Zhou M, Chen ZH. To exclude or to accumulate? Revealing the role of the sodium HKT1;5 transporter in plant adaptive responses to varying soil salinity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 169:333-342. [PMID: 34837866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arid/semi-arid and coastal agricultural areas of the world are especially vulnerable to climate change-driven soil salinity. Salinity tolerance in plants is a complex trait, with salinity negatively affecting crop yield. Plants adopt a range of mechanisms to combat salinity, with many transporter genes being implicated in Na+-partitioning processes. Within these, the high-affinity K+ (HKT) family of transporters play a critical role in K+ and Na+ homeostasis in plants. Among HKT transporters, Type I transporters are Na+-specific. While Arabidopsis has only one Na + -specific HKT (AtHKT1;1), cereal crops have a multiplicity of Type I and II HKT transporters. AtHKT1; 1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) and HKT1; 5 (cereal crops) 'exclude' Na+ from the xylem into xylem parenchyma in the root, reducing shoot Na+ and hence, confer sodium tolerance. However, more recent data from Arabidopsis and crop species show that AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles have a strong genetic association with 'shoot sodium accumulation' and concomitant salt tolerance. The review tries to resolve these two seemingly contradictory effects of AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 operation (shoot exclusion vs shoot accumulation), both conferring salinity tolerance and suggests that contrasting phenotypes are attributable to either hyper-functional or weak AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles/haplotypes and are under strong selection by soil salinity levels. It also suggests that opposite balancing mechanisms involving xylem ion loading in these contrasting phenotypes exist that require transporters such as SOS1 and CCC. While HKT1; 5 is a crucial but not sole determinant of salinity tolerance, investigation of the adaptive benefit(s) conferred by naturally occurring intermediate HKT1;5 alleles will be important under a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Gopalasamudram Neelakantan Hariharan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Suji Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600124, India
| | - Shalini Pulipati
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India; Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Kamycka 129, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Mohan Harikrishnan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Ayyan SM, Harikrishnan M, Rohan KV. Trimeresurus malabaricus bites: Need of species-specific management for snakebites. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2020; 13:167. [PMID: 33013098 PMCID: PMC7472820 DOI: 10.4103/jets.jets_3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Anu AP, N. X. ES, Harikrishnan M. Warmest Sea Surface Temperature Event in the South Eastern Arabian Sea over the Decade using Satellite and INS Sagardhwani Observations. DEFENCE SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.69.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
South Eastern Arabian Sea is well known for its prolonged and warmer sea surface temperature (>30 °C) events generally known as Arabian Sea mini warm pool occurring during the pre-monsoon periods (March-May). To study the intensity and spatial extent of the warm pool, ten years (2007-2016) of satellite-derived weekly averaged SST and in-situ data measured from INS Sagardhwani are used. The analysis is done based on the precondition ‘sea surface temperature > 30 °C’ and lasts more than a week. These analysis demonstrate the existence of a strong inter-annual variability. It is also identified that the sea surface temperature in the year 2016 is the hottest over the decade with maximum spatial coverage and prolonged period of occurrence. These anomalous events are also explained in terms of variabilities of the atmospheric water vapour and wind at the sea surface.
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Ananth M, Rajesh R, Amjith R, A L A, Valamparampil MJ, Harikrishnan M, Resmi MS, Sreekanth KB, Sara V, Sethulekshmi S, Prasannakumar V, Deepthi SK, Jemin AJ, Krishna DS, Anish TS, Insija IS, Nujum ZT. Contamination of Household Open Wells in an Urban Area of Trivandrum, Kerala State, India: A Spatial Analysis of Health Risk Using Geographic Information System. Environ Health Insights 2018; 12:1178630218806892. [PMID: 30369786 PMCID: PMC6201171 DOI: 10.1177/1178630218806892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the sanitary condition and water quality of household wells and to depict it spatially using Geographic Information System (GIS) in an urban area of Trivandrum, Kerala state, India. STUDY DESIGN A community-based cross-sectional census-type study. METHODS Study was conducted in an urban area of Trivandrum. All households (n = 449) residing in a 1.05 km2 area were enrolled in the study. Structured questionnaire and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) device were used for data collection. Water samples taken were analyzed in an accredited laboratory. RESULTS Most of the wells were in an intermediate-high contamination risk state, with more than 77% of wells having a septic tank within 7.5 m radius. Coliform contamination was prevalent in 73% of wells, and the groundwater was predominantly acidic with a mean of 5.4, rendering it unfit for drinking. The well chlorination and cleaning practices were inadequate, which were significantly associated with coliform contamination apart from a closely located septic tank. However, water purification practices like boiling were practiced widely in the area. CONCLUSION Despite the presence of wells with high risk of contamination and inadequate chlorination practices, the apparent rarity of Water-borne diseases in the area may be attributed to the widespread boiling and water purification practices at the consumption level by the households. GIS technology proves useful in picking environmental determinants like polluting sources near the well and to plan control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Ananth
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Reghunath Rajesh
- Inter University Centre for Geo-spatial
Information Science and Technology (IUCGIST), University of Kerala,
Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rajeevan Amjith
- Directorate of Health Services,
Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Achu A L
- Inter University Centre for Geo-spatial
Information Science and Technology (IUCGIST), University of Kerala,
Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Achu A L, Inter University Centre for
Geo-spatial Information Science and Technology (IUCGIST), University of Kerala,
Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
| | - Mathew J Valamparampil
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M Harikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M S Resmi
- Directorate of Health Services,
Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K B Sreekanth
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Varghese Sara
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Kollam, India
| | - S Sethulekshmi
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - V Prasannakumar
- Inter University Centre for Geo-spatial
Information Science and Technology (IUCGIST), University of Kerala,
Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S K Deepthi
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Aby Jose Jemin
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - D S Krishna
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T S Anish
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ilyas Selene Insija
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Zinia T Nujum
- Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College Hospital, Kollam, India
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Santu KS, Nandan SB, Cleetus RI, Harikrishnan M. Reassessing the species status of Pseudodiaptomus malayalus Wellershaus, 1969 and P. binghami Sewell, 1912 (Calanoida: Pseudodiaptomidae) from India based on morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:885-896. [PMID: 28988502 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1376054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudodiaptomus binghami Sewell, 1912 was first described from the Rangoon River (now Yangon River) estuary, Myanmar. Pseudodiaptomus malayalus Wellershaus, 1969 previously known as P. binghami malayalus, is a typical brackish-water calanoid copepod from Cochin Estuary, Kerala. Morphological examination of P. malayalus and P. binghami collected from Cochin Estuary and the Nambur canal in Andhra Pradesh revealed crucial differences between the two congeners. Female specimens of P. malayalus exhibited marked differences from those described by Wellershaus. They are (1) the number of terminal spines on P5, (2) ornamentation of GS, (3) ornamentation of Ur1-4, (4) length ratio of the Ur and CR segments and (5) length:width ratio of the CR setae. Furthermore, significant and discrete morphological differences were observed between the two Indian species in their P5 and urosome. But the male specimens of P. malayalus did not show any major differences from the original description. In addition, distance matrix data revealed 22% interspecific divergence values which in turn confirmed the status of P. malayalus and P. binghami as two distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Santu
- a Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , India
| | - S Bijoy Nandan
- a Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , India
| | - Retina I Cleetus
- a Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , India
| | - M Harikrishnan
- b School of Industrial Fisheries , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , India
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Radhika R, Bijoy Nandan S, Harikrishnan M. Morphological and molecular identification of marine copepod Dioithona rigida Giesbrecht, 1896 (Crustacea:Cyclopoida) based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences, from Lakshadweep sea, India. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:872-879. [PMID: 27549575 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1202941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphological identification of the marine cyclopoid copepod Dioithona rigida in combination with sequencing a 645 bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (mtCOI) gene, collected from offshore waters of Kavarathi Island, Lakshadweep Sea, is presented in this study. Kiefer in 1935 classified Dioithona as a separate genus from Oithona. The main distinguishing characters observed in the collected samples, such as the presence of well-developed P5 with 2 setae, 5 segmented urosome, 12 segmented antennule, compact dagger-like setae on the inner margin of proximal segment of exopod ramus in P1-P4 and engorged portion of P1-bearing a spine, confirmed their morphology to D. rigida. A comparison of setal formulae of the exopod and endopod of D. rigida with those recorded previously by various authors are also presented here. Maximum likelihood Tree analysis exhibited the clustering of D. rigida sequences into a single clade (accession numbers KP972540.1-KR528588.1), which in contrast was 37-42% divergent from other Oithona species. Further intra-specific divergence values of 0-2% also confirmed the genetic identity of D. rigida species. Paracyclopina nana was selected as an out group displayed a diverged array. The present results distinctly differentiated D. rigida from other Oithona species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhika
- a Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - S Bijoy Nandan
- a Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - M Harikrishnan
- b School of Industrial Fisheries , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin , Kerala , India
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Gangar M, Harikrishnan M, Goyal S, Mungalpara MN, Nair VA. A highly efficient and enantioselective synthesis of EEHP and EMHP: intermediates of PPAR agonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jose D, Nidhin B, Anil Kumar KP, Pradeep PJ, Harikrishnan M. A molecular approach towards the taxonomy of fresh water prawns Macrobrachium striatum and M. equidens (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) using mitochondrial markers. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2585-93. [PMID: 26119113 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1041114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genus Macrobrachium includes freshwater prawns which inhabit most diverse habitats ranging from low saline areas to inland hill streams and impounded water bodies. Being morphologically conserved, this genus has been exposed to severe disputes related to their taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny. Macrobrachium striatum and M. equidens represent two morphologically related congeneric species within this genus. Earlier, M. striatum was considered as a striped form of M. equidens. Though these species are now well-described morphologically and differentiated into two species, no molecular level investigation has been carried out in support of their speciation. We report a study on M. striatum and M. equidens with emphasis to their molecular data through mitochondrial markers (16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I). Results obtained from developed molecular markers of the two species revealed considerable genetic differentiation between them. Phylogram generated using Minimum evolution and Neighbour joining analyses differentiated M. striatum and M. equidens as two independent species. Genetic distance data showed high interspecific divergence (ranging from 3.9% to 17.0% for 16S rRNA sequences and 13.8% to 21.0% for COI sequences) between M. striatum and M. equidens confirming the findings of phylogram. Hence, it could be delineated that M. striatum and M. equidens represent two distinct species within genus Macrobrachium with emphasis to their morphology and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Jose
- a CUSAT, School of Industrial Fisheries , Fine Arts Avenue , Kochi , Kerala , India and
| | - B Nidhin
- a CUSAT, School of Industrial Fisheries , Fine Arts Avenue , Kochi , Kerala , India and
| | - K P Anil Kumar
- a CUSAT, School of Industrial Fisheries , Fine Arts Avenue , Kochi , Kerala , India and
| | - P J Pradeep
- b Department of Anatomy and Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - M Harikrishnan
- a CUSAT, School of Industrial Fisheries , Fine Arts Avenue , Kochi , Kerala , India and
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Jose D, Rozario JV, Benjamin D, Harikrishnan M. Morphological and molecular description for Glyphocrangon investigatoris Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 emphasizing its phylogenetic relationship. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:2053-7. [PMID: 25431817 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.982554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genus Glyphocrangon, the only representative of Family Glyphocrangonidae, comprises about 89 species. According to previous records, this species is known to inhabit a depth range of 145-410 fathoms in Bay of Bengal. A thorough scrutiny of literature revealed a detailed morphological description of G. investigatoris and little molecular database. As part of an exploratory research survey conducted in Bay of Bengal, specimens of this species were collected from trawl catches off Paradeep, Orissa. In our present study, an attempt was made to develop its DNA barcode based on mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) and to establish its phylogenetic relationship with other species of genus Glyphocrangon. The developed mtCOI sequences of G. investigatoris exhibited its genetic identity favoring its morphological description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Jose
- a School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) , Cochin , India
| | - Jenson V Rozario
- a School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) , Cochin , India
| | - Diana Benjamin
- a School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) , Cochin , India
| | - M Harikrishnan
- a School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) , Cochin , India
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Ganesan G, Sankararamasubramanian HM, Harikrishnan M, Ganpudi A, Ashwin G, Parida A. A MYB transcription factor from the grey mangrove is induced by stress and confers NaCl tolerance in tobacco. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:4549-61. [PMID: 22904269 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factor genes play important roles in developmental and various other processes in plants. In this study, functional characterization of AmMYB1, a single-repeat MYB transcription factor isolated from the salt-tolerant mangrove tree Avicennia marina is reported. AmMYB1 cDNA was 1046 bp in length with an open reading frame of 783 bp, encoding 260 amino acids. The corresponding gene had two introns and three exons and was present as a single copy in A. marina. The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarities to MYB proteins reported in other plants, including the conserved MYB binding domain. RNA gel blot analysis showed that the AmMYB1 transcript expression was more pronounced in green photosynthetic tissue and was strongly induced by stresses such as salt (500 mM), light (500 µE m(-2) s(-1)), and the exogenous application of ABA (100 µM). An analysis of the upstream sequence of AmMYB1 gene revealed the presence of regulatory elements identical to those present in the promoters of stress inducible genes. The promoter was responsive to NaCl and could enhance reporter gene expression in planta. An in vitro DNA binding assay using the promoter region (TGGTTAG) of the AtRD22 gene and a transactivation assay in yeast cells suggest the possibility of AmMYB1 protein regulating the expression of other genes during salt stress. Transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing the AmMYB1 transcription factor showed better tolerance to NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ganesan
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Biotechnology, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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Prasad G, Ali A, Harikrishnan M, Raghavan R. Population dynamics of an endemic and threatened Yellow Catfish Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther) from Periyar River, southern Western Ghats, India. J Threat Taxa 2012. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o2590.2333-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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