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James JE, Lamping E, Santhanam J, Milne TJ, Abd Razak MF, Zakaria L, Cannon RD. A 23 bp cyp51A Promoter Deletion Associated With Voriconazole Resistance in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Neocosmospora keratoplastica. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:272. [PMID: 32296397 PMCID: PMC7136401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, resistance to azole antifungals is often linked to mutations in CYP51A, a gene that encodes the azole antifungal drug target lanosterol 14α-demethylase. The aim of this study was to investigate whether similar changes could be associated with azole resistance in a Malaysian Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) isolate collection. Most (11 of 15) clinical FSSC isolates were Neocosmospora keratoplastica and the majority (6 of 10) of environmental isolates were Neocosmospora suttoniana strains. All 25 FSSC isolates had high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for itraconazole and posaconazole, low MICs for amphotericin B, and various (1 to >32 mg/l) voriconazole susceptibilities. There was a tight association between a 23 bp CYP51A promoter deletion and high (>32 mg/l) voriconazole MICs; of 19 FSSC strains sequenced, nine isolates had voriconazole MICs > 32 mg/l, and they all contained the 23 bp CYP51A promoter deletion, although it was absent in the ten remaining isolates with low (≤12 mg/l) voriconazole MICs. Surprisingly, this association between voriconazole resistance and the 23 bp CYP51A promoter deletion held true across species boundaries. It was randomly distributed within and across species boundaries and both types of FSSC isolates were found among environmental and clinical isolates. Three randomly selected N. keratoplastica isolates with low (≤8 mg/l) voriconazole MICs had significantly lower (1.3–7.5 times) CYP51A mRNA expression levels than three randomly selected N. keratoplastica isolates with high (>32 mg/l) voriconazole MICs. CYP51A expression levels, however, were equally strongly induced (~6,500-fold) by voriconazole in two representative strains reaching levels, after 80 min of induction, that were comparable to those of CYP51B. Our results suggest that FSSC isolates with high voriconazole MICs have a 23 bp CYP51A promoter deletion that provides a potentially useful marker for voriconazole resistance in FSSC isolates. Early detection of possible voriconazole resistance is critical for choosing the correct treatment option for patients with invasive fusariosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Elvin James
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Erwin Lamping
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jacinta Santhanam
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Trudy Jane Milne
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohd Fuat Abd Razak
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Latiffah Zakaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Richard David Cannon
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ding CH, Situ SF, Steven A, Razak MFA. The Pitfall of Utilizing a Commercial Biochemical Yeast Identification Kit to Detect Candida auris. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2019; 49:546-549. [PMID: 31471347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic yeast responsible for nosocomial infections with high mortality, on a global scale. A 65-year-old woman with hypovolemic shock and severe metabolic acidosis was intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Shortly after admission, she developed ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, which necessitated treatment with high-dose ampicillin-sulbactam. Two weeks later, a yeast was cultured from her blood. It formed pale pink colonies on CHROMagar Candida medium and produced predominantly oval budding yeast cells with the occasional rudimentary pseudohyphae on cornmeal agar. ID 32 C identified the yeast as Candida sake However, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the 28S rRNA gene identified the yeast as C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hun Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Siti Fazilah Situ
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Kuching, Sarawak
| | - Anderson Steven
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Kuching, Sarawak
| | - Mohd Fuat Abd Razak
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Razak MFA. Mutagenic Potential of Medicinal Polyherbal Preparations. JBM 2019; 07:10-19. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2019.711002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Tap RM, Ho Betty LS, Ramli NY, Suppiah J, Hashim R, Sabaratnam P, Ginsapu SJ, Gowbei A, Razak MFA, Sipiczki M, Ahmad N. First isolation of Candida wangnamkhiaoensis from the blood of immunocompromised paediatric patient. Mycoses 2016; 59:734-741. [PMID: 27427490 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida wangnamkhiaoensis is a species clustered under the Hyphopichia clade has not ever been isolated from any clinical specimens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. wangnamkhiaoensis associated with fungaemia in immunocompromised paediatric patient. The isolate was assigned a strain name as UZ1679/14, in which the identification was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction-sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of the rRNA gene. Antifungal susceptibility pattern showed that the isolate was sensitive to anidulafungin, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole. The patient clinically improved after the antifungal treatment with caspofungin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Mohd Tap
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Sue Ho Betty
- Haematology-Oncology Unit, Paediatric Department, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nur Yasmin Ramli
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeyanthi Suppiah
- Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Parameswari Sabaratnam
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephanie Jane Ginsapu
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Annabel Gowbei
- Microbiology Unit, Pathology Department, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fuat Abd Razak
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Matthias Sipiczki
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tap RM, Ramli NY, Sabaratnam P, Hashim R, Bakri ARA, Bee LB, Ginsapu SJ, Ahmad R, Razak MFA, Ahmad N. First Two Cases of Fungal Infections Associated with Multi-drug Resistant Yeast, Fereydounia khargensis. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:531-7. [PMID: 27010640 PMCID: PMC4937094 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The number of new fungal pathogens is increasing due to growing population of immunocompromised patients and advanced identification techniques. Fereydounia khargensis is a yeast and was first described in 2014 from environmental samples. As far as we know, this is the first report of human infections associated with F. khargensis.
The yeasts were isolated from blood of a HIV-positive patient and pleural fluid of chronic renal failure patient. Amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions confirmed the identity of the isolates. Both isolates showed multi-drug resistance to antifungal agents tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Mohd Tap
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Yasmin Ramli
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Parameswari Sabaratnam
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Rafezzan Ahmed Bakri
- Microbiology Unit, Pathology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 88200, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lim Bee Bee
- Microbiology Unit, Pathology Department, Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital, 84000, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Stephanie Jane Ginsapu
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Ahmad
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, 50588, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fuat Abd Razak
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abd Razak MF, Sabaratnam P, Issa R. Potential Pathogens among Fungi Identified as Nonsporulating Molds from Blood Cultures. JBM 2015; 03:39-44. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2015.310005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mohd Tap R, Sabaratnam P, Mohd Salleh MA, Abd Razak MF, Ahmad N. Characterization of Prototheca wickerhamii Isolated from Disseminated Algaemia of Kidney Transplant Patient from Malaysia. Mycopathologia 2011; 173:173-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Razak MFA, Aidoo KE, Candlish AGG. Mixed herbs drugs: inhibitory effect on growth of the endogenous mycoflora and aflatoxin production. Mycopathologia 2008; 167:273-86. [PMID: 18991016 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty commercial mixed herbal drugs were examined for mycological profile. Aspergillus species were the predominant fungi found in the drugs. Other fungi harboured in the drugs with less frequency were Paecilomyces species, Eurotium species, Monascus species, Acremonium species, Penicillium species, Cladosporium species, Scopulariopsis species, Phialophora species and Fonseceae species. Fungal count was between 1.0 log(10) CFU and 2.4 log(10) CFU per gram of sample. When the drugs were incubated in 85% humidity at 25 degrees C, fungal colonies grew on only two of the drugs. The mixed herbal drugs were extracted with water and the extracts were used to grow Aspergillus parasiticus. All extracts reduced aflatoxin B(1) and aflatoxin G(1) production by 62-97%. All but two of the extracts reduced aflatoxin B(2) and aflatoxin G(2) production by 39-95%. It can be concluded that the commercial powdered mixed herbal drugs contained low number of endogenous fungi, and these drugs are inhibitory to the growth of its endogenous fungi and aflatoxins production by aflatoxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fuat Abd Razak
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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