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Belaid M, Javorovic J, Pastorin G, Vllasaliu D. Development of an in vitro co-culture model using Caco-2 and J774A.1 cells to mimic intestinal inflammation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114243. [PMID: 38432601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models that mimic the pathophysiology in vivo are important tools to study mechanisms of disease and assess the pharmacology and toxicity of drugs. In this work, we report the development of a novel model of intestinal inflammation. This model is based on the co-culture of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and murine J774A.1 macrophages. The model is shown to mimic the intestinal barrier in both healthy and inflamed state. In the healthy state, without external stimulation, Caco-2 and J774A.1 cells were co-cultured in one system without affecting the barrier integrity of intestinal epithelial cells and without inducing release of cytokines from macrophages. To mimic the inflamed intestine, Caco-2 cells were primed with an optimised cytokine cocktail (TNF-⍺, IFN-γ and IL-1β) and J774A.1 cells were pre-exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ for 24 h before combining the two cell lines into co-culture. In these conditions, a significant disruption of the epithelial barrier and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-⍺ and IL-6) levels released from macrophages were detected. The data also show that inflammation in the co-culture model was temporary and reversible upon the removal of the inflammatory stimulus. This new in vitro model could be a valuable tool for investigating the safety and efficacy of drugs in the context of intestinal inflammation and provides advantages over other reported co-culture models of intestinal inflammation in terms of cost and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jana Javorovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Muso-Cachumba JJ, Feng S, Belaid M, Zhang Y, de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui C, Vllasaliu D. Polymersomes for protein drug delivery across intestinal mucosa. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123613. [PMID: 37977286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The oral administration is the route preferred by patients due to its multiple advantages. In the case of biopharmaceuticals, due to their low stability and absorption in the intestine, these molecules must be administered by injectable routes. To circumvent these problems, several strategies have been studied, among which the use of nanosystems, such as polymersomes, can be highlighted. In this work the potential of poloxamer 401 polymersomes as a system for oral delivery of antibodies was evaluated. IgG-FITC-loaded poloxamer 401 polymerosomes were initially used to assess whether it improves intestinal epithelial permeation in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Subsequently, epithelial/macrophage co-culture model was used to evaluate the ability of poloxamer 401 polymersomes containing adalimumab to reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels. The data showed that polymersome-encapsulated IgG increased the transport across intestinal Caco-2 monolayers 2.7-fold compared to the antibody in solution. Also, when comparing the groups of blank polymersomes with polymersomes containing adalimumab, decreases of 1.5-, 5.5-, and 2.4-fold in TNF-α concentrations were observed for the polymersomes containing 1.5, 3.75, and 15 µg/mL of adalimumab, respectively. This could indicate a possibility for the oral administration of biopharmaceuticals which would revolutionize many conditions that require the systemic administration such as in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Javier Muso-Cachumba
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sa Feng
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mona Belaid
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Yunyue Zhang
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Zhang Y, Belaid M, Luo X, Daci A, Limani R, Mantaj J, Zilbauer M, Nayak K, Vllasaliu D. Probing milk extracellular vesicles for intestinal delivery of RNA therapies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:406. [PMID: 37924132 PMCID: PMC10623793 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral delivery remains unattainable for nucleic acid therapies. Many nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been investigated for this, but most suffer from poor gut stability, poor mucus diffusion and/or inefficient epithelial uptake. Extracellular vesicles from bovine milk (mEVs) possess desirable characteristics for oral delivery of nucleic acid therapies since they both survive digestion and traverse the intestinal mucosa. RESULTS Using novel tools, we comprehensively examine the intestinal delivery of mEVs, probing whether they could be used as, or inform the design of, nanoparticles for oral nucleic acid therapies. We show that mEVs efficiently translocate across the Caco-2 intestinal model, which is not compromised by treatment with simulated intestinal fluids. For the first time, we also demonstrate transport of mEVs in novel 3D 'apical-out' and monolayer-based human intestinal epithelial organoids (IEOs). Importantly, mEVs loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH) gene silencing in macrophages. Using inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as an example application, we show that administration of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) siRNA-loaded mEVs reduced inflammation in a IBD rat model. CONCLUSIONS Together, this work demonstrates that mEVs could either act as natural and safe systems for oral delivery or nucleic acid therapies, or inform the design of synthetic systems for such application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Armond Daci
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rinë Limani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Komal Nayak
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Matheri AN, Belaid M, Njenga CK, Ngila JC. Water and wastewater digital surveillance for monitoring and early detection of the COVID-19 hotspot: industry 4.0. Int J Environ Sci Technol (Tehran) 2023; 20:1095-1112. [PMID: 35154335 PMCID: PMC8818842 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-03982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are a high number of COVID-19 cases per capita in the world that goes undetected including clinical diseases compatible with COVID-19. While the presence of the COVID-19 in untreated drinking water is possible, it is yet to be detected in the drinking-water supplies. COVID-19 viral fragments have been found in excrete, this call for wastewater monitoring and analysis (wastewater surveillance) of the potential health risk. This raises concern about the potential of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission via the water systems. The economic limits on the medical screening for the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 worldwide are turning to wastewater-based epidemiology as great potential tools for assessing and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveillance and tracking of the pathogens in the wastewater are key to the early warning system and public health strategy monitoring of the COVID-19. Currently, RT-qPCR assays is been developed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA specimen clinical testing and detection in the water system. Convectional wastewater treatment methods and disinfection are expected to eradicate the SAR-CoV-2. Chlorine, UV radiation, ozone, chloramine is been used to inactivate and disinfect the water treatment system against the SARS-CoV-2. Water management and design of the water infrastructure require major changes to accommodate climate change, water cycle, reimaging of digitalization, infrastructure and privacy protection. The water digital revolution, biosensors and nanoscale, contact tracing, knowledge management can accelerate with disruption of the COVID-19 outbreak (water-health-digital nexus).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Matheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. Belaid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C. K. Njenga
- United Nation Environmental Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J. C. Ngila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lian MQ, Chng WH, Liang J, Yeo HQ, Lee CK, Belaid M, Tollemeto M, Wacker MG, Czarny B, Pastorin G. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: Recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12283. [PMID: 36519808 PMCID: PMC9753580 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and transport of various biological cargos, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, interest in plant-derived EVs has increased tremendously, as they serve as a scalable and sustainable alternative to EVs derived from mammalian sources. In vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that these plant-derived vesicles (PDVs) possess intrinsic therapeutic activities that can potentially treat diseases and improve human health. In addition, PDVs can also act as efficient and biocompatible drug carriers. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, there are still several challenges and knowledge gaps that have to be addressed for the successful translation of PDVs into clinical applications, especially in view of the lack of standardised protocols for material handling and PDV isolation from various plant sources. This review provides the readers with a quick overview of the current understanding and research on PDVs, critically analysing the current challenges and highlighting the immense potential of PDVs as a novel class of therapeutics to treat human diseases. It is expected that this work will guide scientists to address the knowledge gaps currently associated with PDVs and promote new advances in plant-based therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Heng Chng
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jeremy Liang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hui Qing Yeo
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Choon Keong Lee
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matteo Tollemeto
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Nkosi N, Muzenda E, Gorimbo J, Belaid M. Developments in waste tyre thermochemical conversion processes: gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11844-11871. [PMID: 35423733 PMCID: PMC8696848 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuels, particularly crude oil, have proven to be a source of energy to households, transportation and power industries over the past decades. This natural reserve is diminishing at an alarming rate with crude oil having reserves to last the earth for the next half a century. As a result, researchers are constantly seeking remedial technologies to close this gap. Thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis, gasification and liquefaction (PGL) offer an alternative solution to mitigating the world's high reliance on crude oil. These processes can be employed to provide energy, fuel and high-end value-added products. This paper aims to highlight all the research and development advancements and trends that have been made over the past three decades while employing waste tyres and other feedstock. In addition, the prominent countries and their associated researchers who have made novel discoveries in the field of thermochemical conversion are extensively discussed. The research findings show that significant research outputs such as the utilization of vast types of feed materials, the reaction mechanisms, the factors affecting the processes, and the application of the different end-products for thermochemical processes are well documented in the literature. Also, the collected data showed that significant advancements have been achieved in developing PGL technologies. The following conclusions were drawn: (i) PGL technologies show a generally increasing percentage interest from 1990 to 2020, (ii) many authors have identified the end-products obtained from waste feedstocks, such as; waste tyres, biomass, plastics, food waste, microalgae and animal manure to yield promising application benefits, (iii) China has shown the greatest interest in investing into waste to energy initiatives and has demonstrated the vast applications of waste derived products and, (iv) employing waste tyres as a feedstock has shown potential for producing high-end value products in their crude form or refined form. Some of the shortcomings identified during the study are the modest interest shown by most African regions as well as the lack of regulatory frameworks developed by certain countries. Fossil fuels, particularly crude oil, have proven to be a source of energy to households, transportation and power industries over the past decades.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nkosi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - E Muzenda
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana
| | - J Gorimbo
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), University of South Africa's College of Science, Engineering and Technology Cnr Pioneer and Christian De Wet Roads, Private Bag X6 Florida 1710 South Africa
| | - M Belaid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
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Fares M, Touhami M, Belaid M, Bruyas H. Surface characteristics analysis of nitrocarburized (Tenifer) and carbonitrided industrial steel AISI 02 types. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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