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Zandi M, Hosseini P, Soltani S, Rasooli A, Moghadami M, Nasimzadeh S, Behnezhad F. The role of lipids in the pathophysiology of coronavirus infections. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:278-285. [PMID: 34719219 PMCID: PMC8561023 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses, which have been known to cause diseases in animals since the 1930s, utilize cellular components during their replication cycle. Lipids play important roles in viral infection, as coronaviruses target cellular lipids and lipid metabolism to modify their host cells to become an optimal environment for viral replication. Therefore, lipids can be considered as potential targets for the development of antiviral agents. This review provides an overview of the roles of cellular lipids in different stages of the life cycle of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Rasooli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Moghadami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sepideh Nasimzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farzane Behnezhad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maali A, Maroufi F, Sadeghi F, Atashi A, Kouchaki R, Moghadami M, Azad M. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: trends in molecular biology, from genetics to epigenetics. Epigenomics 2021; 13:631-647. [PMID: 33823614 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, based on autologous cells' reprogramming to the embryonic state, is a new approach in regenerative medicine. Current advances in iPSC technology have opened up new avenues for multiple applications, from basic research to clinical therapy. Thus, conducting iPSC trials have attracted increasing attention and requires an extensive understanding of the molecular basis of iPSCs. Since iPSC reprogramming is based on the methods inducing the expression of specific genes involved in pluripotency states, it can be concluded that iPSC reprogramming is strongly influenced by epigenetics. In this study, we reviewed the molecular basis of reprogramming, including the reprogramming factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, NANOG, ESRRB, LIN28 as well as their regulatory networks), applied vectors (retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, Sendaiviral vectors, episomal plasmids, piggyBac, simple vectors, etc.) and epigenetic modifications (miRNAs, histones and DNA methylation states) to provide a comprehensive guide for reprogramming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maali
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Faezeh Maroufi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cells & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Kouchaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mona Moghadami
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Moradi Z, Maali A, Shad JS, Farasat A, Kouchaki R, Moghadami M, Ahmadi MH, Azad M. Updates on Novel Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents: Clinical and Molecular Approach. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 36:26-36. [PMID: 32174689 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an important hormone responsible for the stimulation of hematopoiesis which is impaired in a variety of diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, cancer chemotherapy, and the use of some anti-HIV drugs. Difficulties in the purification of endogenous EPO due to problems such as technical limitations, heterogeneity of target cells, inadequate amount and immunogenicity of the resultant product, had limited the entry of endogenous EPO in the clinical applications. The integration of medical biotechnology and hematology has introduced novel procedures for the production of human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO), and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). To investigate and produce rHuEPO, the first step is to recognize the molecular biology and functional pathways, structure, metabolism, and basic physiology of EPO. In this review, all clinical indications, side effects, challenges and notable points regarding EPO, rHuEPO, and other ESAs have also been addressed along with its molecular characterization, such as the modifications needed to optimize their rHuEPO biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moradi
- 1Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- 2Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,3Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Javad Sadeghi Shad
- 2Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- 5Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Kouchaki
- 6Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mona Moghadami
- 2Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,3Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- 6Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Ghassabi F, Hashempour T, Moghadami M, Davarpanah MA, Kalani M, Chatrabnous N, Halaji M, Shahraki HR, Hadi N. Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of septicemia in HIV and non-HIV patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals, Shiraz, South of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:115-121. [PMID: 28980931 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.9.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the bacteriological etiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of sepsis in HIV infected and HIV uninfected patients, and related risk factors to introduce an appropriate therapy. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to January of 2015 enrolling patients with sepsis associated with or without HIV infection admitted to Shiraz teaching hospitals, South of Iran. Blood and urine cultures were performed and standard microbiological methods were followed for isolation and identification of the bacteria. HIV antibody testing and CD4+ lymphocyte count were done for HIV-infected patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI recommendations. Totally, 140 patients with sepsis including 30 HIV-positive, and 110 HIV-negative were enrolled. Our finding showed 26.7% and 20% blood and urine culture positivity in HIV-positive and 20.9% and 14.5% positivity in HIV-negative patients. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) each with frequency of 25% were detected as the most prevalent isolates in samples of HIV patients. In contrast, the main etiology for sepsis in HIV-negative patients was CoNS (47.8%), followed by Escherichia coli (17.4%). The median of CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load in HIV patients were estimated 10.15 cells/mm3 and 68019.48 copies/mL, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that the main cause of sepsis in the studied hospitals was nosocomial pathogens. These findings highlighted the importance of infection control policies for preventing the emergence and spread of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ghassabi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - T Hashempour
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Moghadami
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M A Davarpanah
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Kalani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Chatrabnous
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Halaji
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H R Shahraki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Honarvar B, Odoomi N, Rezaei A, Haghighi HB, Karimi M, Hosseini A, Mazarei S, Panahi M, Jamshidi F, Moghadami M, Lankarani KB. Pulmonary tuberculosis in migratory nomadic populations: the missing link in Iran's National Tuberculosis Programme. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 18:272-6. [PMID: 24670560 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in migratory nomadic populations in Fars Province, southern Iran. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. RESULTS In this study, 5506 (82.8%) of a total nomad population of 6650 from 1337 tents were screened for PTB. The mean age was 27.4 ± 18.2 years (range 1-109). Based on clinical symptoms, 141/5506 (2.6%) were identified as TB suspects. One male and three female adult new smear-positive PTB cases were detected, giving an incidence rate of 0.7/1000 population compared to 0.08/1000 in the general population of the region, and 28.4/1000 TB suspects. The median time to onset of symptoms in detected cases was 82.5 days. Tribal stigma against female TB patients was one of the main barriers to appropriate health-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of smear-positive PTB among migratory nomads is approximately nine-fold higher than in the general population. Active screening of TB in migratory nomads should be integrated into Iran's national TB control programme. The issue of destigmatisation, particularly among female TB patients, should also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Honarvar
- Community and Preventive Medicine, Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Odoomi
- Health Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Rezaei
- Health Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H B Haghighi
- Farashband Health Network, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Karimi
- Eghlid Health Network, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Hosseini
- Farashband Health Network, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Mazarei
- Farashband Health Network, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Panahi
- Eghlid Health Network, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Jamshidi
- Shiraz Health Network, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Moghadami
- Internal Medicine, HIV/AIDS Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K B Lankarani
- Community and Preventive Medicine, Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rajabi H, Monsef H, Moghadami M, Zare M, Armandei A. Design, development and demonstration of an improved bird washing machine. Ecotoxicology 2014; 23:960-965. [PMID: 24729024 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since oil was first extracted, pollution of the seas and oceans or adjacent coasts has been an obstacle for the oil industry and environmental activists. The major concern is oil discharge into the water which may lead to birds' affliction or death, besides putting marine life in jeopardy. This paper presents the first description of the design and implementation of a new bird washing machine that can be utilized for cleaning of oil-coated birds with the minimum of stress. The machine is equipped with a pneumatic system comprised of 19 moving nozzles which evenly cover the bird's body and is designed to be used in contaminated environments where a vast number of birds are affected. Experimental trials show an improvement in operation efficiency compared to other methods in a reduction in washing time, energy consumption and a decrease in fatality rate of washed birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rajabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahrar Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Rasht, Iran,
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Agholi M, Hatam G, Moghadami M, Heidarian H, Aliabadi E. Infectious cholecystitis due to enteric coccidian parasites. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Medhati M, Moghadami M, Hadizadeh E. Review of association between awareness and wearing of helmet. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sefidbakht S, Rasekhi AR, Kamali K, Borhani Haghighi A, Salooti A, Meshksar A, Abbasi HR, Moghadami M, Nabavizadeh SA. Methanol poisoning: acute MR and CT findings in nine patients. Neuroradiology 2007; 49:427-35. [PMID: 17294234 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-007-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methanol poisoning is an uncommon but potent central nervous system toxin. We describe here the CT and MR findings in nine patients following an outbreak of methanol poisoning. METHODS Five patients with a typical clinical presentation and elevated anion and osmolar gaps underwent conventional brain MRI with a 1.5-T Gyroscan Interna scanner. In addition nonenhanced CT was performed in another three patients with more severe toxicity. RESULTS Bilateral hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic necrosis of the putamina, diffuse white matter necrosis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were among the radiological findings. Various patterns of enhancement of basal ganglial lesions were found including no enhancement, strong enhancement and rim enhancement. CONCLUSION A good knowledge of the radiological findings in methanol poisoning seems to be necessary for radiologists. The present study is unique in that it enables us to include in a single report most of the radiological findings that have been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sefidbakht
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/GOAL: Previous studies have shown that leptin plays a major role in the amount of food consumption. Recently, leptin and its receptors have been found in the human gastric mucosa. The aim of this study was to seek any possible correlation between serum leptin level and subtypes and pathological findings in functional dyspepsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, we randomly select 44 patients as dysmotility-like and ulcer-like dyspepsia (according to ROME II criteria) in two equivalent groups and compared them with 22 healthy volunteers control group who matched the patients in relation to age, sex and body mass index. From each patient, a fasting blood sample for leptin level and two antral biopsies for evaluating the intensity of gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection were provided and compared with the control group. RESULTS Compared to the control group, serum leptin level was significantly higher in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia (P < 0.05). Leptin level were also significantly correlated with the presence of gastritis and H. pylori infection (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Leptin may have a role in the pathogenesis of the dysmotility variety of non-ulcer dyspepsia through mechanisms other than H. pylori infection. Further studies based on gastric leptin immunohistochemistry may need correlation between symptoms of functional dyspepsia and gastric leptin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Lankarani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Centre, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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