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Natu VS, Rosenke M, Wu H, Querdasi FR, Kular H, Lopez-Alvarez N, Grotheer M, Berman S, Mezer AA, Grill-Spector K. Infants' cortex undergoes microstructural growth coupled with myelination during development. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1191. [PMID: 34650227 PMCID: PMC8516989 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cortical tissue during infancy is critical for the emergence of typical brain functions in cortex. However, how cortical microstructure develops during infancy remains unknown. We measured the longitudinal development of cortex from birth to six months of age using multimodal quantitative imaging of cortical microstructure. Here we show that infants' cortex undergoes profound microstructural tissue growth during the first six months of human life. Comparison of postnatal to prenatal transcriptomic gene expression data demonstrates that myelination and synaptic processes are dominant contributors to this postnatal microstructural tissue growth. Using visual cortex as a model system, we find hierarchical microstructural growth: higher-level visual areas have less mature tissue at birth than earlier visual areas but grow at faster rates. This overturns the prominent view that visual areas that are most mature at birth develop fastest. Together, in vivo, longitudinal, and quantitative measurements, which we validated with ex vivo transcriptomic data, shed light on the rate, sequence, and biological mechanisms of developing cortical systems during early infancy. Importantly, our findings propose a hypothesis that cortical myelination is a key factor in cortical development during early infancy, which has important implications for diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders and delays in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi S. Natu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Mona Rosenke
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Francesca R. Querdasi
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Holly Kular
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nancy Lopez-Alvarez
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Mareike Grotheer
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, 35039 Germany ,grid.513205.0Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior – CMBB, Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Marburg, 35039 Germany
| | - Shai Berman
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | - Aviv A. Mezer
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Rosenke M, van Hoof R, van den Hurk J, Grill-Spector K, Goebel R. A Probabilistic Functional Atlas of Human Occipito-Temporal Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:603-619. [PMID: 32968767 PMCID: PMC7727347 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human visual cortex contains many retinotopic and category-specific regions. These brain regions have been the focus of a large body of functional magnetic resonance imaging research, significantly expanding our understanding of visual processing. As studying these regions requires accurate localization of their cortical location, researchers perform functional localizer scans to identify these regions in each individual. However, it is not always possible to conduct these localizer scans. Here, we developed and validated a functional region of interest (ROI) atlas of early visual and category-selective regions in human ventral and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. Results show that for the majority of functionally defined ROIs, cortex-based alignment results in lower between-subject variability compared to nonlinear volumetric alignment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 1) the atlas accurately predicts the location of an independent dataset of ventral temporal cortex ROIs and other atlases of place selectivity, motion selectivity, and retinotopy. Next, 2) we show that the majority of voxel within our atlas is responding mostly to the labeled category in a left-out subject cross-validation, demonstrating the utility of this atlas. The functional atlas is publicly available (download.brainvoyager.com/data/visfAtlas.zip) and can help identify the location of these regions in healthy subjects as well as populations (e.g., blind people, infants) in which functional localizers cannot be run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rosenke
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rick van Hoof
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Job van den Hurk
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 EV, The Netherlands
- Scannexus MRI Center, Maastricht, 6229 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 CA, USA
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 EV, The Netherlands
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Rosenke M, Davidenko N, Grill-Spector K, Weiner KS. Combined Neural Tuning in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex Resolves the Perceptual Ambiguity of Morphed 2D Images. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4882-4898. [PMID: 32372098 PMCID: PMC7391265 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have an amazing ability to categorize objects in the world around us. Nevertheless, how cortical regions in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC), which is critical for categorization, support this behavioral ability, is largely unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between neural responses and behavioral performance during the categorization of morphed silhouettes of faces and hands, which are animate categories processed in cortically adjacent regions in VTC. Our results reveal that the combination of neural responses from VTC face- and body-selective regions more accurately explains behavioral categorization than neural responses from either region alone. Furthermore, we built a model that predicts a person's behavioral performance using estimated parameters of brain-behavior relationships from a different group of people. Moreover, we show that this brain-behavior model generalizes to adjacent face- and body-selective regions in lateral occipitotemporal cortex. Thus, while face- and body-selective regions are located within functionally distinct domain-specific networks, cortically adjacent regions from both networks likely integrate neural responses to resolve competing and perceptually ambiguous information from both categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rosenke
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas Davidenko
- Psychology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Psychology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Rosenke M, Davidenko N, Grill-Spector K, Weiner K. Differential responses across body- and face-selective cortex predict visual categorization behavior. J Vis 2018. [DOI: 10.1167/18.10.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rosenke
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nicolas Davidenko
- Center for Statistical Analysis in the Social Sciences, Cowell College,University of California Santa Cruz
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CAStanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Kevin Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Rosenke M, Weiner KS, Barnett MA, Zilles K, Amunts K, Goebel R, Grill-Spector K. A cross-validated cytoarchitectonic atlas of the human ventral visual stream. Neuroimage 2018; 170:257-270. [PMID: 28213120 PMCID: PMC5559348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ventral visual stream consists of several areas that are considered processing stages essential for perception and recognition. A fundamental microanatomical feature differentiating areas is cytoarchitecture, which refers to the distribution, size, and density of cells across cortical layers. Because cytoarchitectonic structure is measured in 20-micron-thick histological slices of postmortem tissue, it is difficult to assess (a) how anatomically consistent these areas are across brains and (b) how they relate to brain parcellations obtained with prevalent neuroimaging methods, acquired at the millimeter and centimeter scale. Therefore, the goal of this study was to (a) generate a cross-validated cytoarchitectonic atlas of the human ventral visual stream on a whole brain template that is commonly used in neuroimaging studies and (b) to compare this atlas to a recently published retinotopic parcellation of visual cortex (Wang et al., 2014). To achieve this goal, we generated an atlas of eight cytoarchitectonic areas: four areas in the occipital lobe (hOc1-hOc4v) and four in the fusiform gyrus (FG1-FG4), then we tested how the different alignment techniques affect the accuracy of the resulting atlas. Results show that both cortex-based alignment (CBA) and nonlinear volumetric alignment (NVA) generate an atlas with better cross-validation performance than affine volumetric alignment (AVA). Additionally, CBA outperformed NVA in 6/8 of the cytoarchitectonic areas. Finally, the comparison of the cytoarchitectonic atlas to a retinotopic atlas shows a clear correspondence between cytoarchitectonic and retinotopic areas in the ventral visual stream. The successful performance of CBA suggests a coupling between cytoarchitectonic areas and macroanatomical landmarks in the human ventral visual stream, and furthermore, that this coupling can be utilized for generating an accurate group atlas. In addition, the coupling between cytoarchitecture and retinotopy highlights the potential use of this atlas in understanding how anatomical features contribute to brain function. We make this cytoarchitectonic atlas freely available in both BrainVoyager and FreeSurfer formats (http://vpnl.stanford.edu/vcAtlas). The availability of this atlas will enable future studies to link cytoarchitectonic organization to other parcellations of the human ventral visual stream with potential to advance the understanding of this pathway in typical and atypical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rosenke
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Barnett
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), and JARA Brain, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA-BRAIN, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), and JARA Brain, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
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Krause F, Benjamins C, Lührs M, Eck J, Noirhomme Q, Rosenke M, Brunheim S, Sorger B, Goebel R. Real-time fMRI-based self-regulation of brain activation across different visual feedback presentations. Brain-Computer Interfaces 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2017.1307096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krause
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Benjamins
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lührs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Eck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin Noirhomme
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mona Rosenke
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sascha Brunheim
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bettina Sorger
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging and Neuromodeling, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rosenke M, Weiner K, Frost M, Barnett M, Zilles K, Amunts K, Goebel R, Grill-Spector K. Macroanatomical alignment improves the intersubject consistency of cytoarchitectonic regions in the human ventral stream. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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