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Kiechl S, Pechlaner R, Willeit P, Notdurfter M, Paulweber B, Willeit K, Werner P, Ruckenstuhl C, Iglseder B, Weger S, Mairhofer B, Gartner M, Kedenko L, Chmelikova M, Stekovic S, Stuppner H, Oberhollenzer F, Kroemer G, Mayr M, Eisenberg T, Tilg H, Madeo F, Willeit J. Higher spermidine intake is linked to lower mortality: a prospective population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:371-380. [PMID: 29955838 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spermidine administration is linked to increased survival in several animal models. Objective The aim of this study was to test the potential association between spermidine content in diet and mortality in humans. Design This prospective community-based cohort study included 829 participants aged 45-84 y, 49.9% of whom were male. Diet was assessed by repeated dietitian-administered validated food-frequency questionnaires (2540 assessments) in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. During follow-up between 1995 and 2015, 341 deaths occurred. Results All-cause mortality (deaths per 1000 person-years) decreased across thirds of increasing spermidine intake from 40.5 (95% CI: 36.1, 44.7) to 23.7 (95% CI: 20.0, 27.0) and 15.1 (95% CI: 12.6, 17.8), corresponding to an age-, sex- and caloric intake-adjusted 20-y cumulative mortality incidence of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.51), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.45), and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.41), respectively. The age-, sex- and caloric ratio-adjusted HR for all-cause death per 1-SD higher spermidine intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.83; P < 0.001). Further adjustment for lifestyle factors, established predictors of mortality, and other dietary features yielded an HR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.86; P < 0.001). The association was consistent in subgroups, robust against unmeasured confounding, and independently validated in the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) Study (age-, sex-, and caloric ratio-adjusted HR per 1-SD higher spermidine intake: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.95; P = 0.019). The difference in mortality risk between the top and bottom third of spermidine intakes was similar to that associated with a 5.7-y (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1 y) younger age. Conclusion Our findings lend epidemiologic support to the concept that nutrition rich in spermidine is linked to increased survival in humans. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03378843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kiechl
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Acute Neurology and Stroke, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Christoph Ruckenstuhl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Siegfried Weger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | | | - Markus Gartner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | - Ludmilla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Chmelikova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Slaven Stekovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Departments of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Chmelikova M, Pacal L, Spinarova L, Vasku A. Association of polymorphisms in the endocannabinoid system genes with myocardial infarction and plasma cholesterol levels. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 159:535-9. [PMID: 25270105 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2014.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected symptoms of chronic heart failure (myocardial infarction, plasma cholesterol level) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FAAH and CNR1 genes. METHODS A case - control study involving 155 patients with chronic heart failure and 169 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. We detected SNPs 385 C/A (rs324420) in the FAAH and 1359 G/A (rs1049353) in the CNR1 genes using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls as well as between patients with and without myocardial infarction. RESULTS No significant differences in genotype or allelic frequencies between patients and controls were found (P > 0.05). Carriers of the FAAH A allele had a 2.37-fold increase in the risk of myocardial infarction (odds ratio 2.37, 95% confidence interval 1.36-6.93, P = 0.01). Homozygous carriers of genotype AA of CNR1 SNP 1359 had significantly higher plasma cholesterol levels than carriers of GG and GA genotypes in patients (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest a role for allele A of the FAAH 385 variant as a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Genotype AA of CNR1 1359 variant probably affects plasma cholesterol levels. Pharmacological intervention in this system could modify the therapeutic approach to certain cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chmelikova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Pacal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Spinarova
- Department of Cardioangiology, St. Anne´s University Hospital in Brno
| | - Anna Vasku
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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