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Abbasi SAA, Noor T, Mylavarapu M, Sahotra M, Bashir HA, Bhat RR, Jindal U, Amin U, V A, Siddiqui HF. Double Trouble Co-Infections: Understanding the Correlation Between COVID-19 and HIV Viruses. Cureus 2023; 15:e38678. [PMID: 37288215 PMCID: PMC10243673 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mounted a substantial threat to public health worldwide. It initially emerged as a mere outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and quickly engulfed the entire world, evolving into a global pandemic, consuming millions of lives and leaving a catastrophic effect on our lives in ways unimaginable. The entire healthcare system was significantly impacted and HIV healthcare was not spared. In this article, we reviewed the effect of HIV on COVID-19 disease and the ramifications of the recent COVID-19 pandemic over HIV management strategies. Our review highlights that contrary to the instinctive belief that HIV should render patients susceptible to COVID-19 infection, the studies depicted mixed results, although comorbidities and other confounders greatly affected the results. Few studies showed a higher rate of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 among HIV patients; however, the use of antiretroviral therapy had no consequential effect. COVID-19 vaccination was deemed safe among HIV patients in general. The recent pandemic can destabilize the HIV epidemic control as it hugely impacted access to care and preventive services and led to a marked reduction in HIV testing. The collision of these two disastrous pandemics warrants the need to materialize rigorous epidemiological measures and health policies, but most importantly, brisk research in prevention strategies to mitigate the combined burden of the two viruses and to battle similar future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarika Noor
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Ludhiana, IND
| | | | - Monika Sahotra
- Department of Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, UKR
| | - Hunmble A Bashir
- Forensic Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rakshita Ramesh Bhat
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, IND
- Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, IND
| | - Urmi Jindal
- Department of Medicine, Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
| | - Uzma Amin
- Pathology, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Anushree V
- Department of Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Humza F Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
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