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Kim KA, Kang DM, Ko YJ, Ra MJ, Jung SM, Yu JN, Ahn MJ, Kim KH. Chaenomelin, a New Phenolic Glycoside, and Anti- Helicobacter pylori Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Salix chaenomeloides. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:701. [PMID: 38475547 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, commonly known as pussy willow, is a deciduous shrub and tree belonging to the Salicaceae family. The genus Salix spp. has been known as a healing herb for the treatment of fever, inflammation, and pain relief. The current study aimed to investigate the potential bioactive natural products from S. chaenomeloides leaves and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori. A phytochemical investigation of the ethanol (EtOH) extract of S. chaenomeloides leaves led to the isolation of 13 phenolic compounds (1-13) from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, which showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori strain 51. The chemical structure of a new phenolic glycoside, chaenomelin (1), was established by a detailed analysis of 1D and 2D (1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC)) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-ESIMS), and chemical reactions. The other known compounds were identified as 5-O-trans-p-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (2), tremulacin (3), citrusin C (4), benzyl 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxybenzoate (5), tremuloidin (6), 1-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy-2-phenol (7), arbutin cinnamate (8), tremulacinol (9), catechol (10), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11), kaempferol 3-rutinoside (12), and narcissin (13), based on the comparison of their NMR spectra with the reported data and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against H. pylori strain 51. Among the isolates, 1-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy-2-phenol (7) and arbutin cinnamate (8) exhibited antibacterial activity against H. pylori strain 51, with inhibitions of 31.4% and 33.9%, respectively, at a final concentration of 100 μM. These results were comparable to that of quercetin (38.4% inhibition), which served as a positive control. Generally, these findings highlight the potential of the active compounds 7 and 8 as antibacterial agents against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Jung
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Jeong SY, Yu HS, Ra MJ, Jung SM, Yu JN, Kim JC, Kim KH. Phytochemical Investigation of Equisetum arvense and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Potential in TNFα/INFγ-Stimulated Keratinocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1478. [PMID: 37895949 PMCID: PMC10609812 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae), widely known as 'horsetail', is a perennial plant found extensively across Asia. Extracts of E. arvense have been used in traditional medicine, particularly for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds in E. arvense ethanolic extract and their anti-inflammatory properties. Subsequently, we isolated and identified nine secondary metabolites, including kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), icariside B2 (2), (Z)-3-hexenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl caffeic acid (5), clemastanin B (6), 4-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (7), (7S,8S)-threo-7,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (9). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds (1-9) were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS data, NMR spectra, and ECD data. Next, the anti-inflammatory effects of the isolates were evaluated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α/interferon (IFN)γ-induced HaCaT, a human keratinocyte cell line. Among the isolates, compound 3 showed the highest inhibitory effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, followed by compounds 6 and 8. Correspondingly, the preceding isolates inhibited TNFα/IFNγ-induced activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, and nuclear factor-κB. Collectively, E. arvense could be employed for the development of prophylactic or therapeutic agents for improving dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.R.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sang-Mi Jung
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.R.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
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Jang YS, Lee DE, Hong JH, Kim KA, Kim B, Cho YR, Ra MJ, Jung SM, Yu JN, An S, Kim KH. Phytochemical Investigation of Marker Compounds from Indigenous Korean Salix Species and Their Antimicrobial Effects. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:104. [PMID: 36616234 PMCID: PMC9824127 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salix species, including willow trees, are distributed in the temperate regions of Asian countries, including South Korea. Willow trees are used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. Due to the medicinal properties of willow trees, pharmacological studies of other Salix spp. have gained attention; however, only a few studies have investigated the phytochemicals of these species. As part of our ongoing natural product research to identify bioactive phytochemicals and elucidate their chemical structures from natural resources, we investigated the marker compounds from indigenous Korean Salix species, namely, Salix triandra, S. chaenomeloides, S. gracilistyla, S. koriyanagi, S. koreensis, S. pseudolasiogyne, S. caprea, and S. rorida. The ethanolic extract of each Salix sp. was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry-based analysis, and marker compounds of each Salix sp. were isolated. The chemical structures of the marker compounds (1−8), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2-O-acetylsalicin (2), 1-O-p-coumaroyl glucoside (3), picein (4), isograndidentatin B (5), 2′-O-acetylsalicortin (6), dihydromyricetin (7), and salicin (8) were elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a G6545B Q-TOF MS system with a dual electrospray ionization source. The identified marker compounds 1−8 were examined for their antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Dihydromyricetin (7) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, inducing 32.4% inhibition at a final concentration of 125 μg/mL with an MIC50 value of 250 μg/mL. Overall, this study isolated the marker compounds of S. triandra, S. chaenomeloides, S. gracilistyla, S. koriyanagi, S. koreensis, S. pseudolasiogyne, S. caprea, and S. rorida and identified the anti-Staphylococcus aureus bacterial compound dihydromyricetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seo Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Rang Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Jung
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil An
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Lee DE, Park EC, Ra MJ, Jung SM, Yu JN, Um SH, Kim KH. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Salicortin from the Twigs of Weeping Willow (Salix pseudolasiogyne) in 3T3-L1 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206954. [PMID: 36296558 PMCID: PMC9609119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salix pseudolasiogyne (Salicaceae), the “weeping willow,” has been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat pain and fever due to its high concentrations of salicylic acid and salicin. The present study investigated bioactive compounds from S. pseudolasiogyne twigs to discover bioactive natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol (EtOH) extract of S. pseudolasiogyne twigs followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis led to the isolation of two salicin derivatives, salicortinol and salicortin, the structures of which were determined by interpretation of their NMR spectra and data from the LC/MS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of salicortinol isolated from S. pseudolasiogyne. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 cells. Both salicortinol and salicortin were found to significantly inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In particular, salicortin exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. Furthermore, salicortin inhibited the expression of lipogenic and adipogenic transcription factors, including FASN, FABP4, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ, without inducing cytotoxicity. These results suggest that salicortin could be a potential therapeutic compound for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Da Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eon Chung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Jung
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Biomedical Institute Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.U.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-299-6123 (S.H.U.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.U.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-299-6123 (S.H.U.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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Cho BY, Park MR, Lee JH, Ra MJ, Han KC, Kang IJ, Lee OH. Standardized Cirsium setidens Nakai Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Adipogenesis and Regulates Lipid Metabolisms in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Mice Fed High-Fat Diets. J Med Food 2017; 20:763-776. [PMID: 28686516 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirsium setidens Nakai, a wild perennial herb, grows mainly in Gangwon province, Korea, and has been reported to contain bioactive ingredients with various medicinal activities, including the treatment of edema, bleeding, and hemoptysis. However, the potential antiobesity effects of C. setidens Nakai have not been fully investigated. This study evaluated the antiobesity effect of standardized C. setidens Nakai ethanolic extract (CNE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in obese C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. CNE suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of lipolytic genes. The antiadipogenic and antilipogenic effects of CNE appear to be mediated by the inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) expressions. Moreover, CNE stimulated fatty acid oxidation in an AMPK-dependent manner. CNE-treated groups of C57BL/6J mice showed reduced body weights and adipose tissue weight and improved serum lipid profiles through the downregulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) and the upregulation of adiponectin and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) in obese C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. These results suggest that CNE may have an antiobesity effect on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo and present the possibility of developing a treatment for obesity with nontoxic natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Yeon Cho
- 1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryeong Park
- 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Lee
- 1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- 3 Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb , Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Il-Jun Kang
- 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- 1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Cho BY, Lee JH, Ra MJ, Kim SY, Kang IJ, Han KC, Lee OH. Analysis of Pectolinarin Content and Antioxidant activity in Cirsium setidens Nakai by Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2016.31.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lee SJ, Kim JC, Kim MJ, Kitaoka M, Park CS, Lee SY, Ra MJ, Moon TW, Robyt JF, Park KH. Transglycosylation of naringin by Bacillus stearothermophilusMaltogenic amylase to give glycosylated naringin. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:3669-3674. [PMID: 10552702 DOI: 10.1021/jf990034u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Naringin, a bitter compound in citrus fruits, was transglycosylated by Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase reaction with maltotriose to give a series of mono-, di-, and triglycosylnaringins. Glycosylation products of naringin were observed by TLC and HPLC. The major glycosylation product was purified by using a Sephadex LH-20 column. The sturcture was determined by using MALDI-TOF MS, methylation analysis, and (1)H and (13)C NMR. The major transglycosylation product was maltosylnaringin, in which the maltose unit was attached by an alpha-1-->6 glycosidic linkage to the D-glucose moiety of naringin. This product was 250 times more soluble in water and 10 times less bitter than naringin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Research Center for New Bio-Materials in Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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