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Subudhi AW, Bourdillon N, Bucher J, Davis C, Elliott JE, Eutermoster M, Evero O, Fan JL, Houten SJV, Julian CG, Kark J, Kark S, Kayser B, Kern JP, Kim SE, Lathan C, Laurie SS, Lovering AT, Paterson R, Polaner DM, Ryan BJ, Spira JL, Tsao JW, Wachsmuth NB, Roach RC. AltitudeOmics: the integrative physiology of human acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia and its retention upon reascent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92191. [PMID: 24658407 PMCID: PMC3962396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of human responses to hypoxia is important for the health of millions of people worldwide who visit, live, or work in the hypoxic environment encountered at high altitudes. In spite of dozens of studies over the last 100 years, the basic mechanisms controlling acclimatization to hypoxia remain largely unknown. The AltitudeOmics project aimed to bridge this gap. Our goals were 1) to describe a phenotype for successful acclimatization and assess its retention and 2) use these findings as a foundation for companion mechanistic studies. Our approach was to characterize acclimatization by measuring changes in arterial oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration [Hb], acute mountain sickness (AMS), cognitive function, and exercise performance in 21 subjects as they acclimatized to 5260 m over 16 days. We then focused on the retention of acclimatization by having subjects reascend to 5260 m after either 7 (n = 14) or 21 (n = 7) days at 1525 m. At 16 days at 5260 m we observed: 1) increases in arterial oxygenation and [Hb] (compared to acute hypoxia: PaO2 rose 9±4 mmHg to 45±4 while PaCO2 dropped a further 6±3 mmHg to 21±3, and [Hb] rose 1.8±0.7 g/dL to 16±2 g/dL; 2) no AMS; 3) improved cognitive function; and 4) improved exercise performance by 8±8% (all changes p<0.01). Upon reascent, we observed retention of arterial oxygenation but not [Hb], protection from AMS, retention of exercise performance, less retention of cognitive function; and noted that some of these effects lasted for 21 days. Taken together, these findings reveal new information about retention of acclimatization, and can be used as a physiological foundation to explore the molecular mechanisms of acclimatization and its retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Subudhi
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jenna Bucher
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher Davis
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Elliott
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Morgan Eutermoster
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Oghenero Evero
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jui-Lin Fan
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lemanic Doctoral School of Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Jameson-Van Houten
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Colleen G. Julian
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kark
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sherri Kark
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia P. Kern
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - See Eun Kim
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Corinna Lathan
- AnthroTronix, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Laurie
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Lovering
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ryan Paterson
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David M. Polaner
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James L. Spira
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD, Pacific Islands Health Care System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Jack W. Tsao
- Wounded, Ill & Injured Directorate (M9), United States Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nadine B. Wachsmuth
- Department of Sports Medicine/Sports Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robert C. Roach
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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