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Luigi R, Stefania S, Francesca I, Federica R, Fiore BD, Annalisa S, Francesco DG, Eugenio M, Mandorino M, Adriana M, Eleonora S, Carmela DC, Lucia N, Enrica R, Michele M, Maria Teresa M, Raffaele DP. HPV and Covid-19 Era: effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions on HPV transmission. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:735-743. [PMID: 37533358 PMCID: PMC10614711 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2239052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the commonest viral cause of sexually transmitted infections. The impact of social distance measures due to Covid-19 pandemic on HPV spread is unknown. Therefore, this study has analyzed the seven-year trend of HPV prevalence in all patients tested for HPV DNA at the Microbiology and Virology Unit at Bari Policlinico. Moreover, the HPV prevalence in 2020 has been compared with the previous year ones in order to evaluate the consequences of lockdown and social distancing measures on transmission risks. From 2013 to 2020, we retrospectively analyzed 64 anal swabs, 418 biopsies, 5925 cervical-vaginal swabs, 512 cervical swabs, 104 gland swabs, 154 oral swabs, 21 seminal fluids and 503 urethral swabs. HPV DNA detection was initially performed using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently multiplex real-time PCR assay. All statistical tests were carried out by the open-source environment R 4.0.3 (R Core Team). The data were analyzed according to yearly positivity rates, temporal trend and prevalence of HPV genotypes (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-18, high risk and low risk) by age category and sex. The number of patients increased steadily from 2016 to 2019 and then decreased in 2020. There were significant differences in prevalence between females and males for HPV-6 (6.16% in females Vs 30.80% in males), HPV-11 (0.82% Vs 7.16%) and HPV-16 (7.77% Vs 5.01%). The prevalence of HPV-6 and HPV-11 significantly increased in 2020 compared to 2013-2019 (15.72% Vs 8.52 and 3.18% Vs 1.44%). On the contrary, the overall prevalence of HPV DNA remained constant in 2020 (52.84% Vs 48.44%). Over time, the prevalence of HPV DNA (Coefficient=-0.020, p-value = 0.036) and particularly high-risk genotypes (Coefficient=-0.030, p-value = 0.005) decreased in females, while low-risk genotypes (Coefficient = 0.141, p-value= < 0.001) and the prevalence of HPV DNA increased in males (Coefficient = 0.068, p-value = 0.008). During the pandemic, the number of screened patients declined, although HPV prevalence compared to 2013-2019 remained constant or increased as in the case of low-risk genotypes. It can be assumed that the reduction of the screening coverage favored the emerging of the more symptomatic low-risk infections. In conclusion, nonpharmaceutical interventions due to Covid-19 pandemic did not reduce the risk of HPV infection but it likely caused a decrease in access to health services resulting in an increased risk of undiagnosed HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronga Luigi
- Microbiology and Virology, UOC, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Stolfa Stefania
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Indraccolo Francesca
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Romanelli Federica
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Bavaro Davide Fiore
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Saracino Annalisa
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Di Gennaro Francesco
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Milano Eugenio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandorino
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Mosca Adriana
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Sparapano Eleonora
- Microbiology and Virology, UOC, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - De Carlo Carmela
- Microbiology and Virology, UOC, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Nisi Lucia
- Microbiology and Virology, UOC, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Ranieri Enrica
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Mastria Michele
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Montagna Maria Teresa
- Hygiene Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Del Prete Raffaele
- Microbiology Section, Medicine Interdisciplinary Department, Medicine School, Bari “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
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Angela A, Raffaele DP, Federica R, Adriana M, Luigi S, Luigi R. Multi-year prevalence and macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples from a southern Italian hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:893-895. [PMID: 33078220 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of azithromycin for the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium infections has led to resistance to macrolides. From July 2014 to July 2020, 7150 samples were analysed for the detection of sexually transmitted infections at the Policlinico of Bari. A total of 67/7150 samples (0.93%) were positive for MG DNA and 47 samples were analysed for the evaluation of six azithromycin resistance-associated mutations. In 5/47 samples, the A2058G mutation was detected (10.63%). Although the cases of positive MG samples and mutations are low in our reality, diagnostic tests to detect azithromycin resistant-associated genes may provide a convenient way to monitor resistance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasciano Angela
- Dip DIM, Università degli Studi, Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Del Prete Raffaele
- Dip DIM, Università degli Studi, Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy.,UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Romanelli Federica
- Dip DIM, Università degli Studi, Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Mosca Adriana
- Dip DIM, Università degli Studi, Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy.,UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Santacroce Luigi
- Dip DIM, Università degli Studi, Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy.,UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ronga Luigi
- UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare, 4, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Filip A, Clichici S, Daicoviciu D, Adriana M, Postescu ID, Perde-Schrepler M, Olteanu D. Photochemoprevention of cutaneous neoplasia through natural products. Exp Oncol 2009; 31:9-15. [PMID: 19300410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are the most common types of human tumors, representing 30% of the new cases of malignancies diagnosed each year. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun is a major cause of non-melanoma skin cancer in humans. The prevention and mainly the photochemoprevention with natural products represent a simple but very effective strategy in the management of cutaneous neoplasia. Here we review the progress in the research of new and existing agents developed to protect the skin exposed to UV. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on their photosuppression mechanism in humans as well as in animal models, and efficiency in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca 400023, Romania.
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