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Bentahir M, Barry MD, Koulemou K, Gala JL. Providing On-Site Laboratory and Biosafety Just-In-Time Training Inside a Box-Based Laboratory during the West Africa Ebola Outbreak: Supporting Better Preparedness for Future Health Emergencies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191811566. [PMID: 36141839 PMCID: PMC9517019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Biological Light Fieldable Laboratory for Emergencies (B-LiFE) is a box-based modular laboratory with the capacity to quickly deploy on-site in cases of uncontrolled spread of infectious disease. During the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola outbreak, this tent laboratory provided diagnostic support to the N'Zerekore Ebola Treatment Center (ETC), Guinea, for three months. One of the objectives of B-LiFE deployment was to contribute, as much as possible, to national capacity building by training local scientists. Two Guinean biologists were selected according to their basic biological knowledge and laboratory skills among 50 candidate trainees, and were integrated into the team through "just-in-time training" (JiTT), which helped the biologists acquire knowledge and laboratory skills beyond their expertise. The JiTT program was conducted according to standard laboratory procedures, in line with international biosafety guidelines adapted to field conditions. Supervised acquisition of field-laboratory practices mainly focused on biochemical testing and Ebola viral load quantification using routine PCR-based detection, including the Biofire FilmArray® system (BFA), a novel, as yet non-validated, automated assay for diagnostic testing of Ebola virus disease at the time of B-LiFE deployment. During the JiTT, the two biologists were closely involved in all laboratory activities, including BFA validation and biosafety procedures. Meanwhile, this successful JiTT enhanced the B-LiFE in-field operational capacity and contributed to national capacity building. A post-training evaluation and contacts were organised to assess the evolution and technical skills gained by the two researchers during the B-LiFE mission. At the end of the B-LiFE mission, both biologists were enrolled in follow-on programmes to curb the epidemic spreading in Africa. These results demonstrate that during infectious disease outbreaks or major crises, the JiTT approach can rapidly expand access to critical diagnostic testing and train local staff to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bentahir
- Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54-55, B1.54.01, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mamadou Diouldé Barry
- Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales de Guinée, N’Zérékoré P.O. Box 50, Guinea
| | - Kekoura Koulemou
- Laboratory of the Prefectural Hospital of Gueckedou, Gueckedou P.O. Box 82, Guinea
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54-55, B1.54.01, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Sissoko D, Laouenan C, Folkesson E, M'Lebing AB, Beavogui AH, Baize S, Camara AM, Maes P, Shepherd S, Danel C, Carazo S, Conde MN, Gala JL, Colin G, Savini H, Bore JA, Le Marcis F, Koundouno FR, Petitjean F, Lamah MC, Diederich S, Tounkara A, Poelart G, Berbain E, Dindart JM, Duraffour S, Lefevre A, Leno T, Peyrouset O, Irenge L, Bangoura N, Palich R, Hinzmann J, Kraus A, Barry TS, Berette S, Bongono A, Camara MS, Munoz VC, Doumbouya L, Harouna S, Kighoma PM, Koundouno FR, Lolamou R, Loua CM, Massala V, Moumouni K, Provost C, Samake N, Sekou C, Soumah A, Arnould I, Komano MS, Gustin L, Berutto C, Camara D, Camara FS, Colpaert J, Delamou L, Jansson L, Kourouma E, Loua M, Malme K, Manfrin E, Maomou A, Milinouno A, Ombelet S, Sidiboun AY, Verreckt I, Yombouno P, Bocquin A, Carbonnelle C, Carmoi T, Frange P, Mely S, Nguyen VK, Pannetier D, Taburet AM, Treluyer JM, Kolie J, Moh R, Gonzalez MC, Kuisma E, Liedigk B, Ngabo D, Rudolf M, Thom R, Kerber R, Gabriel M, Di Caro A, Wölfel R, Badir J, Bentahir M, Deccache Y, Dumont C, Durant JF, El Bakkouri K, Uwamahoro MG, Smits B, Toufik N, Van Cauwenberghe S, Ezzedine K, D'Ortenzio E, Pizarro L, Etienne A, Guedj J, Fizet A, de Sainte Fare EB, Murgue B, Tran-Minh T, Rapp C, Piguet P, Poncin M, Draguez B, Duverger TA, Barbe S, Baret G, Defourny I, Carroll M, Raoul H, Augier A, Eholie SP, Yazdanpanah Y, Levy-Marchal C, Antierrens A, Van Herp M, Günther S, de Lamballerie X, Keïta S, Mentre F, Anglaret X, Malvy D. Correction: Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola Virus Disease (the JIKI Trial): A Historically Controlled, Single-Arm Proof-of-Concept Trial in Guinea. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002009. [PMID: 27046271 PMCID: PMC4821578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001967.].
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Landi A, Vermeire J, Iannucci V, Vanderstraeten H, Naessens E, Bentahir M, Verhasselt B. Genome-wide shRNA screening identifies host factors involved in early endocytic events for HIV-1-induced CD4 down-regulation. Retrovirology 2014; 11:118. [PMID: 25496667 PMCID: PMC4269872 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-014-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down-modulation of the CD4 receptor is one of the hallmarks of HIV-1 infection and it is believed to confer a selective replicative advantage to the virus in vivo. This process is mainly mediated by three viral proteins: Env, Vpu and Nef. To date, the mechanisms that lead to CD4 depletion from the surface of infected cells during HIV-1 infection are still only partially characterized. In this study, we sought to identify and characterize cellular host factors in HIV-1-induced CD4 down-modulation. Results To identify host factors involved in CD4 down-regulation, we used a whole genome-targeting shRNA lentiviral library in HeLa CD4+ cells expressing Nef as an inducer of CD4 down-modulation. We identified 55 genes, mainly encoding for proteins involved in various steps of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. For confirmation and further selection of the hits we performed several rounds of validation, using individual shRNA lentiviral vectors with a different target sequence for gene knock-down in HIV-1-infected T cells. By this stringent validation set-up, we could demonstrate that the knock-down of DNM3 (dynamin 3), SNX22 (sorting nexin 22), ATP6AP1 (ATPase, H+ Transporting, Lysosomal Accessory Protein 1), HRBL (HIV-Rev binding protein Like), IDH3G (Isocitrate dehydrogenase), HSP90B1 (Heat shock protein 90 kDa beta member 1) and EPS15 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway Substrate 15) significantly increases CD4 levels in HIV-infected SupT1 T cells compared to the non-targeting shRNA control. Moreover, EPS15, DNM3, IDH3G and ATP6AP1 knock-down significantly decreases HIV-1 replication in T cells. Conclusions We identified seven genes as cellular co-factors for HIV-1-mediated CD4 down-regulation in T cells. The knock-down of four out of seven of these genes also significantly reduces HIV-1 replication in T cells. Next to a role in HIV-mediated CD4 down-regulation, these genes might however affect HIV-1 replication in another way. Our findings give insights in the HIV-1-mediated CD4 down-regulation at the level of the plasma membrane and early endosomes and identify four possible new HIV-1 replication co-factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0118-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Landi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Veronica Iannucci
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium. .,Present address: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hanne Vanderstraeten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Naessens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Mostafa Bentahir
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium. .,Present address: Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Ecole de Santé Publique, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
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Dumont C, Irenge LM, Magazani EK, Garin D, Muyembe JJT, Bentahir M, Gala JL. Simple technique for in field samples collection in the cases of skin rash illness and subsequent PCR detection of orthopoxviruses and varicella zoster virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96930. [PMID: 24841633 PMCID: PMC4026132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In case of outbreak of rash illness in remote areas, clinically discriminating monkeypox (MPX) from severe form of chickenpox and from smallpox remains a concern for first responders. Objective The goal of the study was therefore to use MPX and chickenpox outbreaks in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as a test case for establishing a rapid and specific diagnosis in affected remote areas. Methods In 2008 and 2009, successive outbreaks of presumed MPX skin rash were reported in Bena Tshiadi, Yangala and Ndesha healthcare districts of the West Kasai province (DRC). Specimens consisting of liquid vesicle dried on filter papers or crusted scabs from healing patients were sampled by first responders. A field analytical facility was deployed nearby in order to carry out a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using genus consensus primers, consensus orthopoxvirus (OPV) and smallpox-specific probes spanning over the 14 kD fusion protein encoding gene. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used on-site as backup method to confirm the presence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in samples. To complete the differential diagnosis of skin rash, chickenpox was tested in parallel using a commercial qPCR assay. In a post-deployment step, a MPXV-specific pyrosequencing was carried out on all biotinylated amplicons generated on-site in order to confirm the on-site results. Results Whereas MPXV proved to be the agent causing the rash illness outbreak in the Bena Tshiadi, VZV was the causative agent of the disease in Yangala and Ndesha districts. In addition, each on-site result was later confirmed by MPXV-specific pyrosequencing analysis without any discrepancy. Conclusion This experience of rapid on-site dual use DNA-based differential diagnosis of rash illnesses demonstrates the potential of combining tests specifically identifying bioterrorism agents and agents causing natural outbreaks. This opens the way to rapid on-site DNA-based identification of a broad spectrum of causative agents in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dumont
- Royal Military Academy, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonid M. Irenge
- Defense Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Garin
- IRBA, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Service de Santé des Armées, Bretigny-sur-Orge, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques T. Muyembe
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mostafa Bentahir
- Defense Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Defense Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Landi A, Vermeire J, Iannucci V, Vanderstraeten H, Naessens E, Bentahir M, Verhasselt B. New host factors and pathways involved in CD4 downregulation in HIV-1 infected cells. Retrovirology 2013. [PMCID: PMC3848093 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-s1-p45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Landi A, Bentahir M, Vermeire J, Vanderstraeten H, lanucci V, Verhasselt B. Evaluation of pathways and new host proteins involved in CD4 down-modulation during HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3236932 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s2-p43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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lannucci V, Landi A, Vermeíre J, Mucci A, Naessens E, Vanderstraeten H, Meuwissen P, Eekels J, Berkhout B, Bentahir M, Verhasselt B. Use of RNA interference to discover pathways involved in HIV infection and replication: cell lines tell many stories, primary cells might tell the truth. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3236922 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s2-p34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Smits K, Iannucci V, Stove V, Van Hauwe P, Naessens E, Meuwissen PJ, Ariën KK, Bentahir M, Plum J, Verhasselt B. Rho GTPase Cdc42 is essential for human T-cell development. Haematologica 2010; 95:367-75. [PMID: 20207844 PMCID: PMC2833065 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.006890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho GTPases are involved in the regulation of many cell functions, including some related to the actin cytoskeleton. Different Rho GTPases have been shown to be important for T-cell development in mice. However, their role in human T-cell development has not yet been explored. DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the expression and activation of Rho GTPases along different stages of T-cell development in the human thymus. Early stage human thymocytes were transduced with constitutively active and dominant negative mutants of different Rho GTPases to explore their role in human T-cell development, as analyzed in fetal thymus organ cultures. The use of these mutants as well as Rho GTPase-specific inhibitors allowed us to explore the role of GTPases in thymocyte migration. RESULTS We found that the expression of several Rho GTPases is differently regulated during successive stages of T-cell development in man, suggesting a specific role in human thymopoiesis. In chimeric fetal thymus organ culture, T-cell development was not or only mildly affected by expression of dominant negative Rac1 and Rac2, but was severely impaired in the presence of dominant negative Cdc42, associated with enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation. Kinetic analysis revealed that Cdc42 is necessary in human T-cell development both before and after expression of the pre-T-cell receptor. Using inhibitors and retrovirally transferred mutants of the aforementioned Rho GTPases, we showed that only Rac1 is necessary for migration of different thymocyte subsets, including the early CD34(+) fraction, towards stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha. Constitutively active mutants of Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42 all impaired migration towards stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha and T-cell development to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on Rho GTPases in human T-cell development, showing the essential role of Cdc42. Our data suggest that enhanced apoptotic death and reduced proliferation rather than disturbed migration explains the decreased thymopoiesis induced by dominant negative Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaatje Smits
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Veronica Iannucci
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Veronique Stove
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | | | - Evelien Naessens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Pieter J. Meuwissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Mostafa Bentahir
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Jean Plum
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent and
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De Filette M, Martens W, Roose K, Deroo T, Vervalle F, Bentahir M, Vandekerckhove J, Fiers W, Saelens X. An influenza A vaccine based on tetrameric ectodomain of matrix protein 2. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:11382-7. [PMID: 18252707 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800650200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A is a tetrameric type III membrane protein that functions as a proton-selective channel. The extracellular domain (M2e) has remained nearly invariable since the first human influenza strain was isolated in 1933. By linking a modified form of the leucine zipper of the yeast transcription factor GCN4 to M2e, we obtained a recombinant tetrameric protein, M2e-tGCN4. This protein mimics the quaternary structure of the ectodomain of the natural M2 protein. M2e-tGCN4 was purified, biochemically characterized, and used to immunize BALB/c mice. High M2e-specific serum IgG antibody titers were obtained following either intraperitoneal or intranasal administration. Immunized mice were protected fully against a potentially lethal influenza A virus challenge. Antibodies raised by M2e-tGCN4 immunization specifically bound to the surface of influenza-infected cells and to an M2-expressing cell line. Using a M2e peptide competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with M2-expressing cells as target, we obtained evidence that M2e-tGCN4 induces antibodies that are specific for the native tetrameric M2 ectodomain. Therefore, fusion of an oligomerization domain to the extracellular part of a transmembrane protein allows it to mimic the natural quaternary structure and can promote the induction of oligomer-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina De Filette
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), B9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Nelson O, Tu H, Lei T, Bentahir M, de Strooper B, Bezprozvanny I. Familial Alzheimer disease-linked mutations specifically disrupt Ca2+ leak function of presenilin 1. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1230-9. [PMID: 17431506 PMCID: PMC1847535 DOI: 10.1172/jci30447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in presenilins are responsible for approximately 40% of all early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases in which a genetic cause has been identified. In addition, a number of mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) have been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of frontal temporal dementia (FTD). Presenilins are highly conserved transmembrane proteins that support cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by gamma-secretase. Recently, we discovered that presenilins also function as passive ER Ca(2+) leak channels. Here we used planar lipid bilayer reconstitution assays and Ca(2+) imaging experiments with presenilin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts to analyze ER Ca(2+) leak function of 6 FAD-linked PS1 mutants and 3 known FTD-associated PS1 mutants. We discovered that L166P, A246E, E273A, G384A, and P436Q FAD mutations in PS1 abolished ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1. In contrast, A79V FAD mutation or FTD-associated mutations (L113P, G183V, and Rins352) did not appear to affect ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1 in our experiments. We validated our findings in Ca(2+) imaging experiments with primary fibroblasts obtained from an FAD patient possessing mutant PS1-A246E. Our results indicate that many FAD mutations in presenilins are loss-of-function mutations affecting ER Ca(2+) leak activity. In contrast, none of the FTD-associated mutations affected ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1, indicating that the observed effects are disease specific. Our observations are consistent with the potential role of disturbed Ca(2+) homeostasis in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Nelson
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huiping Tu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tianhua Lei
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Bentahir
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart de Strooper
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
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Bentahir M, Nyabi O, Verhamme J, Tolia A, Horré K, Wiltfang J, Esselmann H, De Strooper B. Presenilin clinical mutations can affect gamma-secretase activity by different mechanisms. J Neurochem 2006; 96:732-42. [PMID: 16405513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in human presenilin (PS) genes cause aggressive forms of familial Alzheimer's disease. Presenilins are polytopic proteins that harbour the catalytic site of the gamma-secretase complex and cleave many type I transmembrane proteins including beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), Notch and syndecan 3. Contradictory results have been published concerning whether PS mutations cause 'abnormal' gain or (partial) loss of function of gamma-secretase. To avoid the possibility that wild-type PS confounds the interpretation of the results, we used presenilin-deficient cells to analyse the effects of different clinical mutations on APP, Notch, syndecan 3 and N-cadherin substrate processing, and on gamma-secretase complex formation. A loss in APP and Notch substrate processing at epsilon and S3 cleavage sites was observed with all presenilin mutants, whereas APP processing at the gamma site was affected in variable ways. PS1-Delta9 and PS1-L166P mutations caused a reduction in beta-amyloid peptide Abeta40 production whereas PS1-G384A mutant significantly increased Abeta42. Interestingly PS2, a close homologue of PS1, appeared to be a less efficient producer of Abeta than PS1. Finally, subtle differences in gamma-secretase complex assembly were observed. Overall, our results indicate that the different mutations in PS affect gamma-secretase structure or function in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bentahir
- Neuronal Cell Biology and Gene Transfer, Center for Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB4) and K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nyabi O, Bentahir M, Horré K, Herreman A, Gottardi-Littell N, Van Broeckhoven C, Merchiers P, Spittaels K, Annaert W, De Strooper B. Presenilins mutated at Asp-257 or Asp-385 restore Pen-2 expression and Nicastrin glycosylation but remain catalytically inactive in the absence of wild type Presenilin. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:43430-6. [PMID: 12885769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306957200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Presenilins are part of the gamma-secretase complex that is involved in the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein and other type I integral membrane proteins. Nicastrin, Pen-2, and Aph1 are the other proteins of this complex. The Presenilins probably contribute the catalytic activity to the protease complex. However, several investigators reported normal Abeta-peptide generation in cells expressing Presenilins mutated at the putative catalytic site residue Asp-257, contradicting this hypothesis. Because endogenously expressed wild type Presenilin could contribute to residual gamma-secretase activity in these experiments, we have reinvestigated the problem by expressing mutated Presenilins in a Presenilin-negative cell line. We confirm that Presenilins with mutated Asp residues are catalytically inactive. Unexpectedly, these mutated Presenilins are still partially processed into amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments by a "Presenilinase"-like activity. They are also able to rescue Pen-2 expression and Nicastrin glycosylation in Presenilin-negative cells and become incorporated into large approximately 440-kDa complexes as assessed by blue native gel electrophoresis. Our study demonstrates that the catalytic activity of Presenilin and its other functions in the generation, stabilization, and transport of the gamma-secretase complex can be separated and extends the concept that Presenilins are multifunctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Nyabi
- Neuronal Cell Biology and Gene Transfer Laboratory, Center for Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB4) and K.U.Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mandelman D, Bentahir M, Feller G, Gerday C, Haser R. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a bacterial psychrophilic enzyme, phosphoglycerate kinase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:1666-8. [PMID: 11679738 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901012069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2001] [Accepted: 07/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) from the Antarctic microorganism Pseudomonas sp. TACII18 is a cold-adapted enzyme that displays a high specific activity at low temperatures and decreased thermostability relative to its mesophilic counterpart. Herein, the preliminary crystallization and structure solution of psychrophilic PGK in its native form and cocrystallized with 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) and the ATP analogue adenylyl imidophosphate (AMP-PNP) is reported. The complexed form of PGK crystallized in 2-3 d at 290 K, whereas the native form of the enzyme required 8-12 months. Morphologically, both crystal forms are similar and X-ray diffraction experiments indicate that the crystals are isomorphous. The crystals diffracted to a resolution of 2.0 A and belong to the space group P3(2). with unit-cell parameters a = b = 58.5, c = 85.4 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mandelman
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 Laboratoire de Bio-cristallographie, CNRS - Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
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14
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Cupers P, Bentahir M, Craessaerts K, Orlans I, Vanderstichele H, Saftig P, De Strooper B, Annaert W. The discrepancy between presenilin subcellular localization and gamma-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein. J Cell Biol 2001; 154:731-40. [PMID: 11502763 PMCID: PMC2196466 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between PS1 and gamma-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in primary cultures of neurons. Increasing the amount of APP at the cell surface or towards endosomes did not significantly affect PS1-dependent gamma-secretase cleavage, although little PS1 is present in those subcellular compartments. In contrast, almost no gamma-secretase processing was observed when holo-APP or APP-C99, a direct substrate for gamma-secretase, were specifically retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a double lysine retention motif. Nevertheless, APP-C99-dilysine (KK) colocalized with PS1 in the ER. In contrast, APP-C99 did not colocalize with PS1, but was efficiently processed by PS1-dependent gamma-secretase. APP-C99 resides in a compartment that is negative for ER, intermediate compartment, and Golgi marker proteins. We conclude that gamma-secretase cleavage of APP-C99 occurs in a specialized subcellular compartment where little or no PS1 is detected. This suggests that at least one other factor than PS1, located downstream of the ER, is required for the gamma-cleavage of APP-C99. In agreement, we found that intracellular gamma-secretase processing of APP-C99-KK both at the gamma40 and the gamma42 site could be restored partially after brefeldin A treatment. Our data confirm the "spatial paradox" and raise several questions regarding the PS1 is gamma-secretase hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cupers
- Center for Human Genetics, Neuronal Cell Biology Group, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology and Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Chessa JP, Petrescu I, Bentahir M, Van Beeumen J, Gerday C. Purification, physico-chemical characterization and sequence of a heat labile alkaline metalloprotease isolated from a psychrophilic Pseudomonas species. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1479:265-74. [PMID: 11004544 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The psychrophilic alkaline metalloprotease (PAP) produced by a Pseudomonas bacterium isolated from Antarctica has been purified and characterized. The gene encoding PAP has been cloned and sequenced and the derived amino acid sequence shows 66% identity with the mesophilic alkaline metalloprotease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 (AP). Compared to the purified AP, PAP is three times more active at 20 degrees C, is very sensitive to chelating agents and is rapidly inactivated at 45 degrees C. The lower thermostability of PAP can tentatively be explained by a loss of a stabilizing Ca(2+), a decrease in the content of hydrophobic residues and a smaller aliphatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Chessa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Liege, Belgium
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16
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Bentahir M, Feller G, Aittaleb M, Lamotte-Brasseur J, Himri T, Chessa JP, Gerday C. Structural, kinetic, and calorimetric characterization of the cold-active phosphoglycerate kinase from the antarctic Pseudomonas sp. TACII18. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:11147-53. [PMID: 10753921 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) from the Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. TACII18 has been cloned and found to be inserted between the genes encoding for glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose aldolase. The His-tagged and the native recombinant PGK from the psychrophilic Pseudomonas were expressed in Escherichia coli. The wild-type and the native recombinant enzymes displayed identical properties, such as a decreased thermostability and a 2-fold higher catalytic efficiency at 25 degrees C when compared with the mesophilic PGK from yeast. These properties, which reflect typical features of cold-adapted enzymes, were strongly altered in the His-tagged recombinant PGK. The structural model of the psychrophilic PGK indicated that a key determinant of its low stability is the reduced number of salt bridges, surface charges, and aromatic interactions when compared with mesophilic and thermophilic PGK. Differential scanning calorimetry of the psychrophilic PGK revealed unusual variations in its conformational stability for the free and substrate-bound forms. In the free form, a heat-labile and a thermostable domain unfold independently. It is proposed that the heat-labile domain acts as a destabilizing domain, providing the required flexibility around the active site for catalysis at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bentahir
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut de Chimie B6, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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17
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Gerday C, Aittaleb M, Bentahir M, Chessa JP, Claverie P, Collins T, D'Amico S, Dumont J, Garsoux G, Georlette D, Hoyoux A, Lonhienne T, Meuwis MA, Feller G. Cold-adapted enzymes: from fundamentals to biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2000; 18:103-7. [PMID: 10675897 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(99)01413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychrophilic enzymes produced by cold-adapted microorganisms display a high catalytic efficiency and are most often, if not always, associated with high thermosensitivity. Using X-ray crystallography, these properties are beginning to become understood, and the rules governing their adaptation to cold appear to be relatively diverse. The application of these enzymes offers considerable potential to the biotechnology industry, for example, in the detergent and food industries, for the production of fine chemicals and in bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gerday
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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