Health literacy status among community in the protected area: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Adequate health literacy is necessary for individuals as it enables them to readily acquire information, process it, and apply it to health-related decisions. Various factors including geographical area will determine the disparity in health literacy status. Communities living in protected areas have limited health literacy and health status owing to a lack of access to infrastructure and medical facilities. Existing studies have discussed health literacy among various populations disproportionately affected by certain diseases. However, research remains underdeveloped, and the causal factors are largely untested. This research aims to better understand how population living conditions especially those who are living in protected areas are affected and exposed to limited health literacy.

METHOD

This study will comprehensively review full-text papers published between 2013 and 2023. We will search 3 databases, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, using the keyword search strategy to find articles related to the issue. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses will be used to guide the selection of relevant studies. The results will then be assessed using the standard Cochrane Quality assessment method. The outcome is addressed in light of a narrative synthesis that utilizes a theme category and focuses on each component's main conclusions.

RESULT

This protocol describes the planned scope and methodology for the systematic review and meta-analysis that will provide current evidence on; The status of health literacy among the community in protected areas and; The effect of Protected Areas on health literacy according to their types and characteristics.

CONCLUSION

Meta-analysis of low-to-high health literacy status will benefit the development of policy recommendations for protected areas.

Crayfish Research: A Global Scientometric Analysis Using CiteSpace

A scientometric analysis was conducted to investigate the trends and development of crayfish research in terms of literature published, author, affiliation, and countries’ collaborative networks, as well as the co-citation dataset (e.g., author, article, and keywords). The study analyzed 12,039 bibliographic datasets from the Web of Science, using CiteSpace as a tool for the co-citation analysis. The study revealed extraordinary increases in publication trends, with a total of 21,329 authors involved in approximately 80% of countries around the world (163/195) having conducted crayfish research. Unsurprisingly, countries such as the USA and China, followed by European countries, were among the top countries that have published crayfish-related studies. The findings also indicated that “invasive crayfish” was the world’s top keyword for crayfish research. Crayfish species are important for both environmental sustainability (invasiveness and species composition) and social wellbeing (aquaculture), which provides directions for research, philanthropic, academic, government, and non-government organizations regarding how to invest limited resources into policies, programs, and research towards the future management of this species. Our study concluded that strategic collaboration among authors, institutions, and countries would be vital to tackle the issue of invasive crayfish species around the world.

Trends and New Developments in Artemia Research

Simple Summary

Artemia is an important crustacean group, especially for aquaculture live food and as a model organism for toxicity assessment. The present study aimed to identify the current trends, research gaps, and literature development in the study of Artemia around the world. This primitive Arthropod has undergone significant evolution in terms of its application in various industries as well as relevant literature patterns in terms of scientometric analyses.

Abstract

An increasing number of scientists since 1970 has examined Artemia as an important species in aquaculture-related fields. However, a global scientometric review of Artemia literature is still lacking, which is the objective of this research. Using a CiteSpace analysis, the distribution of core authors and institutions, highly cited keywords and papers, author and journal contributions, and hot topics in the literature, as well as a co-citation analysis, particularly regarding authors, journals, documents, and clusters, were determined. Hence, 8741 relevant publications were generated from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The results revealed that the most significant contributions in Artemia research primarily originated from the USA, Brazil, Spain, India, China, and Belgium. Moreover, Artemia research focused mainly on top keywords such as brine shrimp and antimicrobial activity. Emerging trends related to Artemia research were Atlantic halibut, elongation factor, Artemia salina, lean protein, inert diet, alpha-crystallin protein, and Artemia embryo. At the same time, the study generated a vast total of 45 co-citation clusters. The present study provides the existing body of knowledge on Artemia research by sharing a visual knowledge map. This study offers a valuable perspective and profound understanding for researchers, farmers, and consortia interested in promoting Artemia as a sustainable live food in the global aquaculture industry.

Mapping of marine lobster research: A global outlook

This study examined research and development of the commercially important marine lobster, in terms of descriptive metadata and scientometric analysis. We consider a collection of over 9,578 related articles to assess literature patterns and research development trends related to marine lobsters as a topic. Web of Science Core Collection was used to identify, collate, and generate publication trends, a list prominent authors and affiliations involved, countries that actively participated, and the co-citation analysis of the references as well as impactful articles and keywords. There were 149 different countries or states that had relevant publications on lobster research. We found an increase in the number of publications over time, with the USA having the most number of publications, followed by Australia and Canada. A total of 17,782 authors were involved in the field of lobster studies. Canadian researchers had the highest citation count for marine lobster research. Surprisingly, the most impactful keyword was crayfish, followed by neuron and amino acid sequence. Our study identifies the multidisciplinary nature in marine lobster research, which includes fields such as neuroscience and developmental genetics. We find that lobster scientific publications increasingly center on the broader coverage areas of science such as taxonomy and basic biology.

Analysis of complications following multidisciplinary functional intervention in paediatric craniomaxillofacial deformities

Paediatric craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery requires a multidisciplinary team approach to ensure the optimal and holistic management of children with craniofacial deformities. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the complications following functional interventions among 34 CMF deformity patients in a single multidisciplinary craniofacial centre. Electronic data including patient demographic characteristics and clinical entry were analysed. Inclusion criteria were all paediatric patients with CMF deformities who underwent various functional interventions. A total of 64 interventions (48 intermediate and 16 definitive) were conducted. Based on the Sharma classification of complications, 20.3% were type I, 4.7% were type II, 1.6% were type III, and 4.7% were type IV . Most complications were type I, which included local infection (3.1%) and premature opening of tarsorrhaphy (3.1%). More serious complications (types III and IV) included temporary visual loss (1.6%) and intraoperative haemorrhage (1.6%). Although a low complication rate was observed in intermediate interventions, a higher complication rate was observed in more complex definitive interventions such as monobloc distraction osteogenesis. Although most complications were manageable, effective prevention remains mandatory, as serious complications may lead to permanent damage and mortality. This analysis highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach to optimize the outcomes in CMF patient management.

Meiotic recombination frequencies are affected by nutritional states in Saccharomycescerevisiae

Meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by programmed double-strand breaks at selected sites throughout the genome (hotspots). alpha-Hotspots are binding sites for transcription factors. Double-strand breaks at alpha-hotspots require binding of transcription factor but not high levels of transcription per se. We show that modulating the production of the transcription factor Gcn4p by deletion or constitutive transcription alters the rate of gene conversion and crossing-over at HIS4. In addition, we show that alterations in the metabolic state of the cell change the frequency of gene conversion at HIS4 in a Gcn4p-dependent manner. We suggest that recombination data obtained from experiments using amino acid and other biosynthetic genes for gene disruptions and/or as genetic markers should be treated cautiously. The demonstration that Gcn4p affects transcription of more than 500 genes and that the recombinationally "hottest" ORFs tend to be Gcn4p-regulated suggest that the metabolic state of a cell, especially with respect to nitrogen metabolism, is a determinant of recombination rates. This observation suggests that the effects of metabolic state may be global and may account for some as yet unexplained features of recombination in higher organisms, such as the differences in map length between the sexes.

Public health lessons from a pilot programme to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Khayelitsha

OBJECTIVE

Short-course antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to be effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. This article details the public health lessons learnt from a district-based pilot programme where a short-course zidovudine (ZDV) regimen has been used in a typical South African peri-urban setting.

METHODS

The pilot programme was initiated at two midwife obstetric units in January 1999. Lay counsellors conducted pre- and post-test counselling and nurses took blood for HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. Short-course ZDV was administered antenatally (from 36 weeks' gestation) and during labour. Mother-infant pairs were followed up at eight child health clinics where free formula feed was dispensed weekly. Infants received co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and were ELISA tested for HIV at 9 and 18 months. After 17 months protocol changes aimed at eliminating weaknesses included initiation of ZDV at 34 weeks, self-administration of the first dose of ZDV with the onset of labour, and rapid HIV testing for both mothers and infants.

RESULTS

Voluntary counselling and testing was shown to be highly acceptable, with individual counselling more effective than group counselling. Based on less than optimal availability of records, ZDV utilisation was encouraging with up to 59% of subjects initiating treatment, 3 weeks' median duration of ZDV use, and up to 88% receiving at least one intrapartum ZDV dose. Self-administration of the intrapartum dose reached 41%.

CONCLUSIONS

Short-course antenatal and intrapartum ART to prevent MTCT of HIV1 was shown to be feasible.

The many faces of mismatch repair in meiosis

Mismatches, and the proteins that repair them, play multiple roles during meiosis from generating the diversity upon which selection acts to preventing the intermingling of diverged populations and species. The mechanisms by which the mismatch repair proteins accomplish these many roles include gene conversion, reciprocal crossing over, mismatch repair-induced recombination and anti-recombination. This review focuses on recent studies, predominantly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that have advanced our understanding of the details of mismatch repair complexes and how they apply to the diverse roles these proteins play in meiosis. These studies have also revealed unexpected and novel functions for some of the mismatch repair proteins.