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Farooq MZ, Wang X, Yan X. Effects of Aeriscardovia aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune responses, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1014-1026. [PMID: 37961803 PMCID: PMC10646399 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Aeriscardovia aeriphila, also known as Bifidobacterium aerophilum, was first isolated from the caecal contents of pigs and the faeces of cotton-top tamarin. Bifidobacterium species play important roles in preventing intestinal infections, decreasing cholesterol levels, and stimulating the immune system. In this study, we isolated a strain of bacteria from the duodenal contents of broiler chickens, which was identified as A. aeriphila, and then evaluated the effects of A. aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune functions, and gut microbiota in commercial broiler chickens. Chickens were orally gavaged with A. aeriphila (1×109 CFU/mL) for 21 d. The results showed that A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the average daily gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio (P<0.001). The levels of serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased following A. aeriphila treatment (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased, whereas glucose and creatinine levels increased as a result of A. aeriphila treatment. Furthermore, the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (P<0.01), superoxide dismutase (P<0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05) were enhanced following A. aeriphila treatment. A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) (P<0.05), IgG (P<0.01), IgM (P<0.05), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P<0.05), IL-4 (P<0.05), and IL-10 (P<0.05). The broiler chickens in the A. aeriphila group had higher secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in the duodenum (P<0.01), jejunum (P<0.001), and cecum (P<0.001) than those in the control group. The messenger RNA (mRNA) relative expression levels of IL-10 (P<0.05) and IL-4 (P<0.001) in the intestinal mucosa of chickens were increased, while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (P<0.001) expression was decreased in the A. aeriphila group compared to the control group. Phylum-level analysis revealed Firmicutes as the main phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, in both groups. The data also found that Phascolarctobacterium and Barnesiella were increased in A. aeriphila-treated group. In conclusion, oral administration of A. aeriphila could improve the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, immune modulation, and gut health of broilers. Our findings may provide important information for the application of A. aeriphila in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xinkai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Hassan M, Wang Y, Rajput SA, Shaukat A, Yang P, Farooq MZ, Cheng Q, Ali M, Mi X, An Y, Qi D. Ameliorative Effects of Luteolin and Activated Charcoal on Growth Performance, Immunity Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Deoxynivalenol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:478. [PMID: 37624235 PMCID: PMC10467115 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON, Vomitoxin) is a threatening mycotoxin that mainly produces oxidative stress and leads to hepatotoxicity in poultry. Antioxidant dietary supplements dramatically boost immunity, safeguarding animals from DON poisoning. Luteolin (LUT) is an active plant-derived compound that poses influential antioxidants. This study explored the effectiveness of LUT in combination with activated charcoal (AC) in detoxifying DON in broilers. The 180 one-day broiler chickens were allocated into five different groups having six replicates in each group, provided with ad libitum feed during the trial period (28 days) as follows: in the control group, basal diet (feed with no supplementation of LUT, AC or DON); in group 2, a basal diet added with 10 mg/kg DON from contaminated culture (DON); in group 3, a basal diet augmented by 350 mg/kg LUT and DON 10 mg/kg (DON + LUT); in group 4, a basal diet supplemented by DON 10 mg/kg + AC 200 mg/kg (DON + AC); and in group 5, a basal diet supplemented by 10 mg/kg DON + 350 mg/kg LUT + 200 mg/kg AC (DON + LUT + AC). Concerning the control group, the DON-treated broilers demonstrated a significant decrease in growth performance (p < 0.05) and serum immunoglobulin (p < 0.05) contents, negatively changing the serum biochemical contents and enzymatic activities and an increase in histopathological liver lesions. Furthermore, DON substantially increased (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and decreased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the serum and liver. The intake of AC and LUT to the DON-contaminated diet decreased DON residue in the liver and potentially reduced the adverse effects of DON. Considering the results, supplementation of LUT with mycotoxin adsorbent has protective effects against mycotoxicosis caused by DON. It could be helpful for the development of novel treatments to combat liver diseases in poultry birds. Our findings may provide important information for applying LUT and AC in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashar Hassan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Feed and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 540642, China;
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qianhui Cheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Mehboob Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiaomei Mi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yu An
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
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Wang X, Hu Y, Zhu X, Cai L, Farooq MZ, Yan X. Bacteroides-derived isovaleric acid enhances mucosal immunity by facilitating intestinal IgA response in broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 36604758 PMCID: PMC9817248 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between nutrition and immunity plays a vital role in nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism during poultry production. Recent studies showed that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of intestinal mucosal immunity. However, the mechanisms by which gut microbes regulate this process remain unclear. METHODS We compared the intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota of Arbor Acre broilers (AA (lower mucosal immunity) and Chinese native Wuliang Mountain Black-bone chickens (WLMB) (higher mucosal immunity) using 16S rDNA sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody repertoire sequencing. We then combined 16S rDNA sequencing with transcriptomics to identify the key microbes and found that they were positively correlated with IgA production. Next, we transplanted candidate microbes into 1-day-old broiler to explore their role in intestinal mucosal immunity. Finally, we verified the function of candidate microbial metabolites in regulating the immune function of macrophages and the intestinal-epithelial cells (IECs) using in vitro experiments. RESULTS WLMB performs stronger mucosal immunity than AA, including higher IgA levels, more diverse IgA antibody repertoire, and higher bacterial affinity. Bacteroides was identified as the key microbes related to the intestinal IgA response. Bacteroides transplantation could increase IgA concentration in the duodenal contents by enhancing the expression of IgA, polymeric immunoglobin receptor (PIgR), B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the duodenum. Additionally, Bacteroides-derived isovaleric acid promoted M2 macrophage polarization of macrophage via mTOR/PPAR-γ/STAT3 signaling pathways and regulated the immunologic function of IECs to produce cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, BAFF, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), thus promoting IgA production in B cells by facilitating AID expression. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that Bacteroides modulate the intestinal IgA response and maintain gut health in broilers. Bacteroides may be a promising alternative as an immunomodulatory microbial agent for developing next-generation probiotics for broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yifan Hu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Liyuan Cai
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.412967.f0000 0004 0609 0799Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Xianghua Yan
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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Yousaf MTB, Nawaz MF, Gul S, Haider MS, Ahmed I, Yasin G, Farooq MZ. Application of Farmyard Manure in Sustainable Utilization of Animal Wastes to Reclaim Salt Degraded Lands. Climate Changes Mitigation and Sustainable Bioenergy Harvest Through Animal Waste 2023:333-353. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26224-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Yan G, Li X, Zheng Z, Gao W, Chen C, Wang X, Cheng Z, Yu J, Zou G, Farooq MZ, Zhu X, Zhu W, Zhong Q, Yan X. KAT7-mediated CANX (calnexin) crotonylation regulates leucine-stimulated MTORC1 activity. Autophagy 2022; 18:2799-2816. [PMID: 35266843 PMCID: PMC9673962 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids play crucial roles in the MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we establish a cell-free system to mimic the activation of MTORC1, by which we identify CANX (calnexin) as an essential regulator for leucine-stimulated MTORC1 pathway. CANX translocates to lysosomes after leucine deprivation, and its loss of function renders either the MTORC1 activity or the lysosomal translocation of MTOR insensitive to leucine deprivation. We further find that CANX binds to LAMP2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2), and LAMP2 is required for leucine deprivation-induced CANX interaction with the Ragulator to inhibit Ragulator activity toward RRAG GTPases. Moreover, leucine deprivation promotes the lysine (K) 525 crotonylation of CANX, which is another essential condition for the lysosomal translocation of CANX. Finally, we find that KAT7 (lysine acetyltransferase 7) mediates the K525 crotonylation of CANX. Loss of KAT7 renders the MTORC1 insensitivity to leucine deprivation. Our findings provide new insights for the regulatory mechanism of the leucine-stimulated MTORC1 pathway.Abbreviations: CALR: calreticulin; CANX: calnexin; CLF: crude lysosome fraction; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; HEK293T: human embryonic kidney-293T; KAT7: lysine acetyltransferase 7; Kcr; lysine crotonylation; KO: knockout; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LAMTOR/Ragulator: late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor: MAPK and MTOR activator; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PDI: protein disulfide isomerase; PTM: post-translational modification; RPS6KB1/p70S6 kinase 1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SESN2: sestrin 2; TMEM192: transmembrane protein 192; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zilong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie Ptm BioLab (Hangzhou), Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Geng Zou
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Walayat N, Rincón MÁ, Niaz S, Nawaz A, Niaz N, Zahid Farooq M, Ahmad I, Wang P, Zhang Z. Egg white proteins and β‐cyclodextrin: effective cryoprotectant mixture against oxidative changes in the myofibrillar proteins of
Culter alburnus. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noman Walayat
- Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Ocean Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310014China
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan430070China
| | - Miguel Ángel Rincón
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA)Universidad de Chile El Líbano Macul5524Chile
| | - Sobia Niaz
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan430070China
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Agriculture Yangzhou University Yangzhou225009China
| | - Nadia Niaz
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan430070China
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan430070China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan430070China
| | - Zhongli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan430070China
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Farooq MZ. 51 A novel approach for development, standardization, and safety testing of enriched alum-precipitated vaccine against hemorrhagic septicemia in different breeds of cattle. J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hemorrhagic septicemia is a fatal disease of cattle and buffalo all over the world, including Pakistan, and it causes heavy economic losses every year. The poor farmers cannot bear this loss in the form of less milk production and heavy expenditures on the animal treatment. An enriched alum-precipitated vaccine with reduced dose was prepared and standardized, and safety testing of the enriched vaccine was performed in Swiss albino mice as well as in natural hosts. In this experiment, a total of 36 cattle both male and female, of different age groups ranging from 4 months to 4 years, were used. All these animals belonged to all major cattle breeds of Pakistan, including Sahiwal, Red Sindhi (crossbred and purebred), Dhani (crossbred and purebred), Lohani (crossbred and purebred), and Cholistani, and exotic breeds, including Holstein, Friesian and Jersey. These animals were examined for current immune titer prior to vaccination. Animals were vaccinated subcutaneously with 2 mL and 4 mL dose of the new vaccine and were observed for any untoward reaction for 48 h. All the animals were kept under close observation for the next 30 days, and all were found safe. The experiment was designed to reduce the dose of the vaccine to 2 mL by using BHI as a growth medium, as well as to increase the number of doses prepared in the same infrastructure, hence reducing the cost of vaccine production. The study proved that a vaccine with increased biomass in reduced dose is safe in local as well as in exotic breeds of cattle.
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Zhu W, Ren L, Zhang L, Qiao Q, Farooq MZ, Xu Q. The Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6817156. [PMID: 32963495 PMCID: PMC7499337 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6817156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can cause various chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases. Various food protein-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) with anti-inflammatory activity have the potential to manage these diseases. The aim of this paper is to overview the mechanisms and the molecular targets of BAPs to exert anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, the in vitro and in vivo effects of BAPs on intestinal inflammation are highlighted. The mechanism, pathways, and future perspectives of BAPs as the potential sources of therapeutic treatments to alleviate intestinal inflammation are provided, including nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), finding that PepT1 and gut microbiota are the promising targets for BAPs to alleviate the intestinal inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary BAPs in attenuating inflammation and gives a novel direction in nutraceuticals for people or animals with intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhu
- Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Liying Ren
- Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Qinqin Qiao
- College of Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236000, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Saleem AH, Javed K, Babar ME, Hussain T, Ali A, Ali A, Ahmad N, Farooq MZ, Dawood M. Association of Leptin Gene Polymorphism with Growth Rate in Lohi Sheep. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.1029.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Farooq MZ, Waqar W, Mustaqeem M, Farooq MS, Khan JA, Hassan M. Assessing Attitudes and Perceptions of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients towards Inhaler Therapy in a Low Income Country: A Cross Sectional Study. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:767-771. [PMID: 27941744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A patient's perception, about his or her medicine, may have an impact on adherence to medications. The purpose was to assess the attitudes and perceptions, regarding inhaler therapy use, among patients with obstructive pulmonary disease in Pakistan, a developing country. With a questionnaire developing this cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine's outpatient clinic at Civil Hospital, Karachi from October 2013 to January 2014. We used SPSS version 19 for data entry. The number of patients included in the study was 202. Fifty eight percent (58%) of the patients concurred that they were not compliant with the usage of inhalers and frequently missed their doses. Thirty three percent (33%) patients had the misconception that inhalers are prescribed for severe diseases only. Almost forty percent (40%) patients said that they would prefer oral medicines over inhalers for the management of their lung diseases. Sixteen percent (16%) of the patients had problems using their inhalers. Twenty six percent (26%) of the patients believed that inhalers have side effects. Thirty eight percent (38%) of the patients believed inhalers are addictive. Misconceptions regarding inhalers and its usage in asthma and COPD patients are common in Pakistan. These misconceptions not only lead to poor compliance with medications prescribed but also to frequent visits to hospitals. There is a need to educate patients in the country regarding inhalers in order to improve not only their symptoms, but also to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Farooq
- Dr Muhammad Zain Farooq, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mustaqeem M, Sadullah S, Waqar W, Farooq MZ, Khan A, Fraz TR. Obesity with irregular menstrual cycle in young girls. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:161-167. [PMID: 25725683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obese women are at increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, rectal carcinoma and gynecological problems including sub fertility, menstrual dysfunction and polycystic ovarian disease. The aim of this study was to assess relationship of obesity with menstrual irregularity in young girls that can help to create awareness among young girls about obesity and how it can affect fertility. It was a case controlled cross sectional study comprising of 220 participants from different colleges and universities of Karachi and from outpatients department of private clinic and Civil Hospital Karachi. A questionnaire was designed to assess the relationship of obesity with irregular menstrual cycle. Questionnaires were filled by co-authors after taking verbal consent. Data was collected from March 2013 to December 2013 and entered and analyzed on SPSS 16.0. Out of 220 participants obese and overweight were 67(30.4%) and 49(22.2%) respectively. Significant association was found between body composition and menstrual cycle irregularity as menstrual irregularity was present in only 9.5% when the BMI was normal and 14.09% and 24% girls in the overweight and obese categories respectively. Waist to hip ratio was found increased in 61.36% of girls. Sixty four point forty four percent (64.44%) of the girls with increased waist to hip ratio reported menstrual irregularity which makes 39.55% of the total sample population. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 63.6% of participants and family history was positive in 77.3%. Hirsutism was reported in 36.7% and 49.2%, acne in 34.6% and 43.2%, weight gain tendency in 85.7% and 98.5%, types 2 diabetes in 0% and 4.4% and hypertension in 8.16% and 31.3% of overweight and obese participants respectively. This study shows considerable association between overall and central obesity with menstrual cycle irregularity. This study provides the grounds on which foundation of health promotion and awareness programs can be laid for targeted age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mustaqeem
- Marium Mustaqeem, Medical Student at Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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