SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures

The microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 °C thermal energy equivalent have been analyzed properly using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The research was aiming to generate binding or active sites points on the outer surface of the ACBMPs body of which commonly plays an important role in both adsorption and catalytic processes. It was observed that around 150 nm up to 400 nm in average diameter super macro voids with many various turns of nano-scale wells, and around 1.84 angstrom (Å) up to 15.98 Å intraparticle pores were generated. In addition, the parallel planes spacing of the carbonaceous framework sheets, namely d hkl in Miller indexes terminology, of about 4.44 Å up to 2.98 Å constructed the inner particles of the ACBMPs body. A new nomenclature method for the binding or active site shapes identification and classifying them into four categories based on the quadrants terminology, i.e. quadrant one (Q1), two (Q2), three (Q3) and four (Q4) is proposed. Each the quadrants contains four categories of turns types, i.e. sharp, semi sharp, obtuse and non-significant turns depending on the angle of the associated turn in radian angle, θ. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasonic and thermal energy treatments in fabricating ACBMPs could generate binding or active site points with unique shapes as a transit terminal for any guest molecules, in this context is methyl red (MR) molecules to enter into the suitable intra-particles pores of the ACBMPs body.

Konsep Diri, Kecerdasan Emosi dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-concept and emotional intelligence with student motivation. The sample was SMK Assa’adah Sampurnan Bungah Gresik amount to 167 students by using random sampling techniques Purpose. The result of multiple regression analysis obtained Fhitung by 62,551 with ρ < 0.05 is ρ = 0,000, which means there is a significant relationship between self-concept and emotional intelligence with student motivation; it’s means there is very significant relationship between self-concept and student motivation with t = 3,178 and ρ = 0,000, and very significant relationship between emotional intelligence and student motivation with t = 5,286 and ρ = 0,000. The percentage contribution of effective self-concept and emotional intelligence for student motivation is equal 73,3%.Key Words : self-concept, emotional intelligence, and student motivation.