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Byambaragchaa M, Kim SG, Park SH, Shin MG, Kim SK, Kang MH, Min KS. Production of Recombinant Single-Chain Eel Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Analogs in Chinese Hamster Ovary Suspension Cell Culture. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:542-556. [PMID: 38248337 PMCID: PMC10814319 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We produced rec-single chain eel luteinizing (rec-eel LH) and follicle-stimulating (rec- eel FSH) hormones displaying high biological activity in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We constructed several mutants, in which a linker, including an O-linked glycosylated carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) of an equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) β-subunit, was attached between the β- and α-subunit (LH-M and FSH-M) or in the N-terminal (C-LH and C-FSH) or C-terminal (LH-C and FSH-C) regions. The plasmids were transfected into CHO-S cells, and culture supernatants were collected. The secretion of mutants from the CHO-S cells was faster than that of eel LHβ/α-wt and FSHβ/α-wt proteins. The molecular weight of eel LHβ/α-wt and eel FSHβ/α-wt was 32-34 and 34-36 kDa, respectively, and that of LH-M and FSH-M was 40-43 and 42-45 kDa, respectively. Peptide-N-glycanase F-treatment markedly decreased the molecular weight by approximately 8-10 kDa. The EC50 value and the maximal responsiveness of the eel LH-M and eel FSH-M increased compared with the wild-type proteins. These results show that the CTP region plays a pivotal role in early secretion and signal transduction. We suggest that novel rec-eel LH and FSH proteins, exhibiting potent activity, could be produced in large quantities using a stable CHO cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Gwon Kim
- Graduate School of Animal Biosciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Sei Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Animal Biosciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Min Gyu Shin
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea; (M.G.S.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Shin-Kwon Kim
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea; (M.G.S.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea;
- Graduate School of Animal Biosciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.H.P.)
- Division of Animal BioScience, School of Animal Life Convergence Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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Choi SH, Byambaragchaa M, Kim DJ, Lee JH, Kang MH, Min KS. Specific Signal Transduction of Constitutively Activating (D576G) and Inactivating (R476H) Mutants of Agonist-Stimulated Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Eel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119133. [PMID: 37298083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of signal transduction using inactivating (R476H) and activating (D576G) mutants of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) of eel at the conserved regions of intracellular loops II and III, respectively, naturally occurring in mammalian LHR. The expression of D576G and R476H mutants was approximately 58% and 59%, respectively, on the cell surface compared to those of eel LHR-wild type (wt). In eel LHR-wt, cAMP production increased upon agonist stimulation. Cells expressing eel LHR-D576G, a highly conserved aspartic acid residue, exhibited a 5.8-fold increase in basal cAMP response; however, the maximal cAMP response by high-agonist stimulation was approximately 0.62-fold. Mutation of a highly conserved arginine residue in the second intracellular loop of eel LHR (LHR-R476H) completely impaired the cAMP response. The rate of loss in cell-surface expression of eel LHR-wt and D576G mutant was similar to the agonist recombinant (rec)-eel LH after 30 min. However, the mutants presented rates of loss higher than eel LHR-wt did upon rec-eCG treatment. Therefore, the activating mutant constitutively induced cAMP signaling. The inactivating mutation resulted in the loss of LHR expression on the cell surface and no cAMP signaling. These data provide valuable information regarding the structure-function relationship of LHR-LH complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal BioScience, School of Animal Life Convergence, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Aquaculture Industry Division, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Yeosu 59780, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal BioScience, School of Animal Life Convergence, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
- Carbon-Neutral Resources Research Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Joo HE, Kim SG, Kim YJ, Park GE, Min KS. Signal Transduction of C-Terminal Phosphorylation Regions for Equine Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor (eLH/CGR). Dev Reprod 2022; 26:1-12. [PMID: 35528321 PMCID: PMC9042392 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2022.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of phosphorylation sites
at the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic
gonadotropin receptor (eLH/ CGR). The eLH/CGR has a large extracellular domain
of glycoprotein hormone receptors within the G protein-coupled receptors. We
constructed a mutant (eLH/CGR-t656) of eLH/ CGR, in which the C-terminal
cytoplasmic tail was truncated at the Phe656 residue, through polymerase chain
reaction. The eLH/CGR-t656 removed 14 potential phosphorylation sites in the
intracellular C-terminal region. The plasmids were transfected into Chinese
hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 and PathHunter Parental cells expressing
β-arrestin, and agonist-induced cAMP responsiveness was analyzed. In
CHO-K1 cells, those expressing eLH/CGR-t656 were lower than those expressing
eLH/CGR wild-type (eLH/CGR-wt). The EC50 of the eLH/ CGR-t656 mutant
was approximately 72.2% of the expression observed in eLH/CGR-wt. The maximal
response in eLH/CGR-t656 also decreased to approximately 43% of that observed in
eLH/CGR-wt. However, in PathHunter Parental cells, cAMP activity and maximal
response of the eLH/CGR-t656 mutant were approximately 173.5% and 100.8%,
respectively, of that of eLH/CGR-wt. These results provide evidence that the
signal transduction of C-terminal phosphorylation in eLH/CGR plays a pivotal
role in CHO-K1 cells. The cAMP level was recovered in PathHunter Parental cells
expressing β-arrestin. We suggest that the signal transduction of the
C-terminal region phosphorylation sites is remarkably different depending on the
cells expressing β-arrestin in CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyo-Eun Joo
- Division of Animal Science, School of Animal Life Convergence Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Sang-Gwon Kim
- Division of Animal Science, School of Animal Life Convergence Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Yean-Ji Kim
- Division of Animal Science, School of Animal Life Convergence Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Eun Park
- Division of Animal Science, School of Animal Life Convergence Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea.,Division of Animal Science, School of Animal Life Convergence Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kim DW, Min KS. Constitutive Activating Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors Induce Constitutively Signal Transduction and Inactivating Mutants Impair Biological Activity. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:133-143. [PMID: 34950817 PMCID: PMC8670774 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) and rat LHR (rLHR), very few
naturally occurring mutants in other mammalian species have been identified. The
present study aimed to delineate the mechanism of signal transduction by three
constitutively activating mutants (designated M410T, L469R, and D590Y) and two
inactivating mutants (D383N and Y546F) of the eel LHR, known to be naturally
occurring in human LHR transmembrane domains. The mutants were constructed and
measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous
time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The
activating mutant cells expressing eel LHR-M410T, L469R, and D590Y exhibited a
4.0-, 19.1-, and 7.8-fold increase in basal cAMP response without agonist
treatment, respectively. However, inactivating mutant cells expressing D417N and
Y558F did not completely impaired signal transduction. Specifically, signal
transduction in the cells expressing activating mutant L469R was not occurred
with a further ligand stimulation, showing that the maximal response exhibited
approximately 53% of those of wild type receptor. Our results suggested that the
constitutively activating mutants of the eel LHR consistently occurred without
agonist treatment. These results provide important information of LHR function
in fish and regulation with regard to mutations of highly conserved amino acids
in glycoprotein hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Joo HE, Kim SG, Kim YJ, Park GE, Kang MH, Min KS. Specific Biological Activity of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) Glycosylation Sites in Cells Expressing Equine Luteinizing Hormone/CG (eLH/CG) Receptor. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:199-211. [PMID: 35141446 PMCID: PMC8807129 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), produced by the endometrial cups of the
placenta after the first trimester, is a specific glycoprotein that displays
dual luteinizing hormone (LH)-like and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like
effects in non-equid species. However, in equidaes, eCG exhibits only LH-like
activity. To identify the specific biological functions of glycosylated sites in
eCG, we constructed the following site mutants of N- and O-linked glycosylation:
eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of α-subunit56
N-linked glycosylation site; eCGβ-D/α, deletion of the O-linked
glycosylation sites at the β-subunit, and
eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. We produced recombinant eCG
(rec-eCG) proteins in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We
examined the biological activity of rec-eCG proteins in CHO-K1 cells expressing
the eLH/CG receptor and found that signal transduction activities of
deglycosylated mutants remarkably decreased. The EC50 levels of
eCGβ/αΔ56, eCGβ-D/α, and
eCGβ-D/αΔ56 mutants decreased by 2.1-, 5.6-, and 3.4-fold,
respectively, compared to that of wild-type eCG. The Rmax values of the mutants
were 56%-80% those of wild-type eCG (141.9 nmol/104 cells). Our
results indicate that the biological activity of eCG is greatly affected by the
removal of N- and O-linked glycosylation sites in cells expressing eLH/CGR.
These results provide important information on rec-eCG in the regulation of
specific glycosylation sites and improve our understanding of the specific
biological activity of rec-eCG glycosylation sites in equidaes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Joo
- Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Sang-Gwon Kim
- Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Yean-Ji Kim
- Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Eun Park
- Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,Animal Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kim DW, Min KS. Cell-Surface Loss of Constitutive Activating and Inactivating Mutants of Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:225-234. [PMID: 35141448 PMCID: PMC8807125 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell surface receptor loss by two constitutively activating mutants (designated L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D417N and Y558F) of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, known to naturally occur in human LHR transmembrane domains. We investigated cell surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HEK 293 cells. The expression level of wild-type eel LHR was considered to be 100%, and the expression levels of L469R and D417N were 97% and 101%, respectively, whereas the expression levels of D590Y and Y558F slightly increased to approximately 110% and 106%, respectively. The constitutively activating mutants L469R and D590Y exhibited a decrease in cell surface loss in a manner similar to that of wild-type eel LHR. The rates of loss of cell surface agonist-receptor complexes were observed to be very rapid (2.6-6.2 min) in both the wild-type eel LHR and activating mutants. However, cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F was slightly observed in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. These results provide important information on LHR function in fish and the regulation of mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Seong HK, Choi SH, Kim DJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Constitutively Activating Mutants of Equine LH/CGR Constitutively Induce Signal Transduction and Inactivating Mutations Impair Biological Activity and Cell-Surface Receptor Loss In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910723. [PMID: 34639064 PMCID: PMC8509413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transduction of the equine lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (eLH/CGR) is unclear in naturally occurring activating/inactivating mutants of this receptor, which plays an important role in reproductive physiology. We undertook the present study to determine whether conserved structurally related mutations in eLH/CGR exhibit similar mechanisms of signal transduction. We constructed four constitutively activating mutants (M398T, L457R, D564G, and D578Y) and three inactivating mutants (D405N, R464H, and Y546F); measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary cells; and investigated cell-surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The eLH/CGR-L457R-, -D564G-, and -D578Y-expressing cells exhibited 16.9-, 16.4-, and 11.2-fold increases in basal cAMP response, respectively. The eLH/CGR-D405N- and R464H-expressing cells presented a completely impaired signal transduction, whereas the Y546F-expressing cells exhibited a small increase in cAMP response. The cell-surface receptor loss was 1.4- to 2.4-fold greater in the activating-mutant-expressing cells than in wild-type eLH/CGR-expressing cells, but was completely impaired in the D405N- and Y546F-expressing cells, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. In summary, the state of activation of eLH/CGR influenced agonist-induced cell-surface receptor loss, which was directly related to the signal transduction of constitutively activating mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea; (M.B.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Hoon-Ki Seong
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea; (M.B.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea;
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Jeju 63610, Korea;
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea;
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea; (M.B.); (H.-K.S.)
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5421; Fax: +82-31-670-5417
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Lee SY, Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kang HJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Roles of N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites in the activity of equine chorionic gonadotropin in cells expressing rat luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 34482828 PMCID: PMC8419929 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), which comprises highly glycosylated α-subunit and β-subunit, is a unique member of the glycoprotein hormone family as it elicits both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like responses in non-equid species. To examine the biological function of glycosylated sites in eCG, the following glycosylation site mutants were constructed: eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of Asn56 of α-subunit with Gln; eCGβ-D/α, deletion of the O-linked glycosylation site at the carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) region of the β-subunit; eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. The recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) mutants were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. The FSH-like and LH-like activities of the mutants were examined using CHO-K1 cells expressing rat lutropin/CG receptor (rLH/CGR) and rat FSH receptor (rFSHR). Results Both rec-eCGβ/α and rec-eCGβ/αΔ56 were efficiently secreted into the CHO-S cell culture medium on day 1 post-transfection. However, the secretion of eCGβ-D/α and eCGβ-D/αΔ56, which lack approximately 12 O-linked glycosylation sites, was slightly delayed. The expression levels of all mutants were similar (200–250 mIU/mL) from days 3 to 7 post-transfection. The molecular weight of rec-eCGβ/α, rec-eCGβ/αΔ56 and rec-eCG β-D/α were in the ranges of 40–45, 37–42, and 34–36 kDa, respectively. Treatment with peptide-N-glycanase F markedly decreased the molecular weight to approximately 5–10 kDa. Rec-eCGβ/αΔ56 exhibited markedly downregulated LH-like activity. The signal transduction activity of both double mutants was completely impaired. This indicated that the glycosylation site at Asn56 of the α-subunit plays a pivotal role in the LH-like activity of eCG. Similarly, the FSH-like activity of the mutants was markedly downregulated. eCGβ-D/α exhibited markedly downregulated LH-like and FSH-like activities. Conclusions Rec-eCGβ/α exhibits potent biological activity in cells expressing rLH/CGR and rFSHR. The findings of this study suggest that the LH-like and FSH-like activities of eCG are regulated by the N-linked glycosylation site at Asn56 of the eCG α-subunit and/or by the O-linked glycosylation sites of the eCG β-subunit. These findings improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both LH-like and FSH-like activities of eCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Han-Ju Kang
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea. .,School of Animal Life Biotechnology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea.
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Byambaragchaa M, Ahn TY, Choi SH, Kang MH, Min KS. Functional characterization of naturally-occurring constitutively activating/inactivating mutations in equine follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (eFSHR). Anim Biosci 2021; 35:399-409. [PMID: 34474536 PMCID: PMC8902225 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is the central hormone involved in mammalian reproduction, maturation at puberty, and gamete production that mediates its function by control of follicle growth and function. The present study investigated the mutations involved in the regulation of FSH receptor (FSHR) activation. Methods We analyzed seven naturally-occurring mutations that were previously reported in human FSHR (hFSHR), in the context of equine FSHR (eFSHR); these include one constitutively activation variant, one allelic variant, and five inactivating variants. These mutations were introduced into wild-type eFSHR (eFSHR-wt) sequence to generate mutants that were designated as eFSHR-D566G, -A306T, -A189V, -N191I, -R572C, -A574V, and -R633H. Mutants were transfected into PathHunter EA-parental CHO-K1 cells expressing β-arrestin. The biological function of mutants was analyzed by quantitating cAMP accumulation in cells incubated with increasing concentrations of FSH. Results Cells expressing eFSHR-D566G exhibited an 8.6-fold increase in basal cAMP response, as compared to that in eFSHR-wt. The allelic variation mutant eFSHR-A306T was not found to affect the basal cAMP response or EC50 levels. On the other hand, eFSHR-D566G and eFSHR-A306T displayed a 1.5- and 1.4-fold increase in the maximal response, respectively. Signal transduction was found to be completely impaired in case of the inactivating mutants eFSHR-A189V, -R572C, and -A574V. When compared with eFSHR-wt, eFSHR-N191I displayed a 5.4-fold decrease in the EC50 levels (3910 ng/mL) and a 2.3-fold decrease in the maximal response. In contrast, cells expressing eFSHR-R633H displayed in a similar manner to that of the cells expressing the eFSHR-wt on signal transduction and maximal response. Conclusion The activating mutant eFSHR-D566G greatly enhanced the signal transduction in response to FSH, in the absence of agonist treatment. We suggest that the state of activation of the eFSHR can modulate its basal cAMP accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Ahn
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Park A, Gil SJ, Lee HW, Ko YJ, Choi SH, Kang MH, Min KS. Luteinizing hormone-like and follicle-stimulating hormone-like activities of equine chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit mutants in cells expressing rat luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor and rat follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:171-181. [PMID: 34262660 PMCID: PMC8253215 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1943708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the specific region of eCG involved in FSH-like activity, the following mutant expression vectors were constructed targeting the amino acid residues 102–104 of the eCG β-subunit: single mutants, eCGβV102G/α, eCGβF103P/α, and eCGβR104K/α; double mutants, eCGβV102G;F103P/α, eCGβV102G;R104K/α, and eCGβF103P;R104K/α; triple mutant, eCGβV102G;F103P;R104K/α. The LH-like and FSH-like activities of eCG mutants were examined in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat LH/CG receptor and rat FSH receptor. The levels of eCGβV102G/α, eCGβR104K/α, and eCGβV102G;R104K/α in the culture supernatant were markedly lower than those of eCGβ/α-wt. The other mutants and rec-eCGβ/α-wt were efficiently secreted into the culture supernatant. The LH-like activities of eCGV104G/α, eCGβV102G;R104K/α, and eCGβF103P;R104K/α were approximately 61%, 52%, and 54%, respectively, of those of eCG-wt. The Rmax values of the mutants were 58.9%–78.8% those of eCG-wt with eCGβR104K/α exhibiting the lowest value. The FSH-like activities of single mutants were only 16%–20% of those of eCG-wt. Additionally, the FSH-like activity of double mutants was less than 10% of that of eCG-wt. In particular, the FSH-like activities of βV102G;R104K/α and βF103P;R104K/α were 2.5–2.9% of that of eCG-wt. These results suggest that the amino acid residues 102–104 of the eCG β-subunit are dispensable and that the residue 104 of the eCG β-subunit plays a pivotal role in signal transduction through the rat FSH receptor. Thus, these mutants may aid future studies on eCG interactions with mammalian FSH receptors in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Life and Environmental Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Ayoung Park
- Animal Life and Environmental Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - So-Jin Gil
- School of Animal Life Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Hae-Won Lee
- School of Animal Life Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Ko
- School of Animal Life Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Life and Environmental Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Life and Environmental Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea.,School of Animal Life Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
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11
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Min KS, Park JJ, Lee SY, Byambaragchaa M, Kang MH. Comparative gene expression profiling of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with natural equine chorionic gonadotropin (N-eCG) and tethered recombinant-eCG (R-eCG). BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:59. [PMID: 33176770 PMCID: PMC7661263 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) induces super-ovulation in laboratory animals. Notwithstanding its extensive usage, limited information is available regarding the differences between the in vivo effects of natural eCG (N-eCG) and recombinant eCG (R-eCG). This study aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with N-eCG and R-eCG produced from CHO-suspension (CHO-S) cells. R-eCG gene was constructed and transfected into CHO-S cells and quantified. Subsequently, we determined the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of N-eCG and R-eCG up to 24 h after intravenous administration through the mice tail vein and identified differentially expressed genes in both ovarian tissues, via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS R-eCG was markedly expressed initially after transfection and maintained until recovery on day 9. Glycan chains were substantially modified in R-eCG protein produced from CHO-S cells and eliminated through PNGase F treatment. The MCR was higher for R-eCG than for N-eCG, and no significant difference was observed after 60 min. Notwithstanding their low concentrations, R-eCG and N-eCG were detected in the blood at 24 h post-injection. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissue revealed that 20 of 12,816 genes assessed therein were significantly up-regulated and 43 genes were down-regulated by > 2-fold in the group that received R-eCG (63 [0.49%] differentially regulated genes in total). The microarray results were concurrent with and hence validated by those of RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and IHC analyses. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that R-eCG can be adequately produced through a cell-based expression system through post-translational modification of eCG and can induce ovulation in vivo. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the up- or down-regulation of specific ovarian genes and the production of R-eCG with enhanced biological activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, South Korea. .,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Ju Park
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, South Korea
| | - So-Yun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, South Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
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12
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Min KS, Byambaragchaa M. Characterization of Constitutively Activating Eel Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone Receptor. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Min KS, Park JJ, Byambaragchaa M, Kang MH. Characterization of tethered equine chorionic gonadotropin and its deglycosylated mutants by ovulation stimulation in mice. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:60. [PMID: 31409346 PMCID: PMC6692925 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To directly assess the biological role of oligosaccharides in recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (rec-eCG) functioning, cDNA encoding the full-length eCGβ-subunit was fused with the mature protein part of the α-subunit, and we examined the expression levels of deglycosylated eCG mutants, the ovulation rate for deglycosylated mutants in C57BL/6 mice. Results The characterizations of heterodimeric and tethered mutants were studied following their respective secretions in culture medium, molecular weight and ovulation in vivo. Rec-eCG variants containing mutations at glycosylation sites at Asn82 of the α-subunit (eCGβ/αΔ82) and Asn13 of the β-subunit (eCGβΔ13/α) were not efficiently secreted into the culture medium from transfected cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the rec-eCGβ/α proteins have an approximate broad range of molecular weights of 40–46 kDa. Three rec-eCG mutants—a deglycosylated site at Asn56 of the α-subunit (eCGβ/αΔ56), a deletion of the C-terminal region of the β-subunit (eCGβ-D/α), and the double mutant (eCGβ-D/αΔ56)—turned out to have clearly lower (approximately 4–23 kDa) molecular weights. Protein N-glycosydase F (PNGase F) treatment markedly decreased the molecular weight to approximately 2–10 kDa. Normal oocytes were significantly more abundant in the natural eCG–treated group than in mutant rec-eCG–treated groups. In particular, numbers of nonfuntional oocytes were remarkably lower in all rec-eCG groups. Conclusions Our results indicate that the ovulation rates of oocytes are not affected by the deglycosylated rec-eCGβ/α mutant proteins. There are around 20% non-functional oocytes with natural eCG and only 2% with the rec-eCGs tested. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the production of rec-eCG hormones with excellent bioactivity in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-019-0550-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea. .,Department of Animal Resource Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ju Park
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
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14
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Kim JM, Munkhuu O, Byambaragchaa M, Lee BI, Kim SK, Kang MH, Kim DJ, Min KS. Site-specific roles of N-linked oligosaccharides in recombinant eel follicle-stimulating hormone for secretion and signal transduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 276:37-44. [PMID: 30836102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eel follicle-stimulating hormone (eelFSH) is composed of a common α-subunit and a hormone specific β-subunit, both of which contain two N-linked carbohydrate residues. We characterized the biologically active single chains by fusing the α-subunit to the carboxyl terminal region of the eelFSH β-subunit. Expression vectors were constructed and the biological activity of the recombinant hormones (rec-hormones) was characterized using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K1 cells expressing the eelFSH receptor gene. Mutagenesis of the individual and double glycosylated sites was performed to determine the functions of the oligosaccharide chains on signal transduction. The absence of the Asn22 (eelFSHβΔ22/α) and Asn5.22 (eelFSHβΔ5.22/α) N-linked oligosaccharide chain in the eelFSH β-subunit completely reduced the secretion level in the medium and cell lysate of CHO-K1 cells. The expression levels of eelFSHβ/α wild-type in CHO suspension (CHO-S) cells was approximately 4-fold higher in CHO-k1 cells. The molecular weight of rec-eelFSHβ/α wild-type by western blotting analysis was found to be 34 kDa. Mutants (β/αΔ56, β/αΔ79, and βΔ5/α) lacking single oligosaccharide sites showed molecular weights that were reduced by approximately 10%. The digestion of N-linked oligosaccharides using PNGaseF treatment showed that the molecular weights of all mutants were reduced to 27-kDa. The oligosaccharide chains in rec-eelFSHβ/α wild-type were modified to a molecular weight of approximately 7-10 kDa in CHO-K1 and CHO-S cells. Oligosaccharide site deletions at positions Asn56 and Asn79 on the α-subunit and Asn5 on the β-subunit were found to play an essential role in cAMP signal transduction through the eelFSH receptor. The EC50 values of Asn56 and Asn5 resulted in a significant decrease in potency to 64% and 53% of the wild type, respectively. Specifically, the removal of the carbohydrates at Asn79 of the α-subunit (β/αΔ79) was drastically reduced to 53.8% of the wild-type levels in maximum response. These results have allowed for the identification of the site-specific roles of carbohydrate residues in eel FSH. Our data suggest that N-linked oligosaccharide chains play a pivotal role in biological activity through the eelFSH receptor as suggested in similar studies of other mammalian FSH hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Orgilkhatan Munkhuu
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Ik Lee
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisher Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Kwon Kim
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisher Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Jeju 63610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Byambaragchaa M, Min K. Molecular characterization of eel Lutropin/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor mutants. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.668.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwan‐Sik Min
- Animal BiotechnologyHankyong National UniversityAnseongRepublic of Korea
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16
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Byambaragchaa M, Kim DJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Site specificity of eel luteinizing hormone N-linked oligosaccharides in signal transduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 268:50-56. [PMID: 30056138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eel luteinizing hormone (eelLH) is composed of a common α-subunit and hormone specific β-subunit, both of which contain asparagine-linked carbohydrate residues, located at positions 56 and 79 on the α-subunit and position 10 on the β-subunit. The specific roles of the individual carbohydrate chains are poorly defined in eel. Thus, we characterized the biologically active single chains by fusing the α-subunit to the carboxyl terminal region of the eelLH β-subunit. Site-directed mutagenesis of the three N-linked glycosylation sites was performed to examine the function of individual glycosylation sites in secretion and signal transduction. The absence of the Asn79N-linked sugar chain slightly reduced secretion in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The expression of eelLHβ/α (wild-type) in CHO suspension cells was increased by approximately 2-fold higher than that of attached CHO cells. By western blotting analysis, the molecular weight of wild-type was found to be 32 kDa. Mutants (β/α△56, β/α△79, and β△10/α) of the oligosaccharide chain at a single site showed molecular weights that were reduced by approximately 10%. However, the double mutant (β/α△56.79) molecular weight was decreased by more than 20% compared to the wild-type. Enzymatic digestion of oligosaccharides using PNGaseF treatment showed that the molecular weights of all mutants, including wild-type, were reduced to 25 kDa. The results obtained in the absence of carbohydrates at Asn56 of the α-subunit and at Asn10 of the β-subunit revealed their roles in signal transduction through the eelLH receptor. The EC50 value of the cAMP response at Asn79 of the α-subunit was increased by 5-fold, whereas the maximum response was dramatically reduced to 17.8% of wild-type levels. Specifically, removal of the carbohydrates at double mutant (β/α△56.79) is approximately 85% to wild-type levels in biopotency. These results revealed the site-specific roles of eelLH carbohydrate residues. Our data suggest that N-linked oligosaccharide chains play a pivotal role in biological activity through the eelLH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Jeju 63610, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JM, Byambaragchaa M, Kang MH, Min KS. The C-terminal Phosphorylation Sites of eel Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor are Important Role in the Signal Transduction. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:143-153. [PMID: 30023464 PMCID: PMC6048309 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The large extracellular domain of glycoprotein hormone receptors is a unique feature within the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. After interaction with the hormone, the receptor becomes coupled to Gs, which, in turn stimulates adenylyl cyclase and the production of cAMP. Potential phosphorylation sites exist in the C-terminal region of GPCRs. The experiments described herein represent attempts to determine the functions of the eel follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (eelFSHR). We constructed a mutant of eelFSHR, in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail was truncated at residue 614 (eelFSHR-t614). The eelFSHR-t614 lacked all potential phosphorylation sites present in the C-terminal region of eelFSHR. In order to obtain the eelFSHR ligand, we produced recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-eelFSHβ/α) in the CHO-suspension cells. The expression level was 2-3 times higher than that of the transient expression of eelFSH in attached CHO-K1 cells. The molecular weight of the rec-eelFSHβ/α protein was identified to be approximately 34 kDa. The cells expressing eelFSHR-t614 showed an increase in agonist-induced cAMP responsiveness. The maximal cAMP responses of cells expressing eelFSHR-t614 were lower than those of cells expressing eelFSHR-wild type (eelFSHR-WT). The EC50 following C-terminal deletion in CHO-K1 cells was approximately 60.4% of that of eelFSHR-WT. The maximal response in eelFSHR-t614 cells was also drastically lower than that of eelFSHR-WT. We also found similar results in PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin. Thus, these data provide evidence that the truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail phosphorylation sites in the eelFSHR greatly decreased cAMP responsiveness and maximal response in both CHO-K1 cells and PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Kim
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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18
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Yoo MH, Park CW, Byambaragchaa M, Kang MH, Min KS. Data on the localization of EGFP and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) in the placenta and testes of transgenic mice. Data Brief 2018; 19:632-637. [PMID: 29900362 PMCID: PMC5997899 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the function of monkey 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD), transgenic mice (tg) were produced, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the monkey 20α-HSD promoter. The expression levels and localization of EGFP and 20α-HSD were analyzed in immature testis and in placenta. In support of our recent publication, "Characterization of transgenic mice expressing EGFP under control of monkey 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase promoter" (Park et al., 2018) [1], it was important to characterize the function of EGFP and 20α-HSD in the ovarian luteal cells of tg mice. Here, the expression of EGFP and 20α-HSD in immature testis and placenta are presented. The expression level of EGFP and 20α-HSD were detected in the testes 1 week after birth, and increased dramatically at 8 weeks. Both of proteins strongly detected in the placenta on days 14, 16, and 18 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that EGFP was detected in the seminiferous epithelium and 20α-HSD was specifically localized in the seminiferous tubule at 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Yoo
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Won Park
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Lee SY, Kim DJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Signal Transduction of Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (eelLHR) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (eelFSHR) by Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (rec-eCG) and Native eCG. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:55-64. [PMID: 29707684 PMCID: PMC5915767 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.1.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (rec-eCGβ/α) exhibits both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like activities in rat LHR- and FSHR-expressing cells. In this study, we analyzed signal transduction by eelFSHR and eelLHR upon stimulation with rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation in CHO-K1 cells expressing eelLHR was determined upon exposure to different doses (0-1,450 ng/mL) of rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG. The EC50 values of rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG were 172.4 and 786.6 ng/mL, respectively. The activity of rec-eCGβ/α was higher than that of native eCG. However, signal transduction in the CHO PathHunter Parental cells expressing eelFSHR was not enhanced by stimulation with both agonist rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG. We concluded that rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG were completely active in cells expressing eelLHR, similar to the activity in the mammalian cells expressing LHRs. However, rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG did not invoke any signaling response in the cells expressing eelFSHR. These results suggest that eCG has a potent activity in cells expressing eelLHR. Thus, we also suggest that rec-eCGβ/α can induce eel maturation by administering gonadotropic reagents (LH), such as salmon pituitary extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - So-Yun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisher Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Dept. of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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20
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Kim DJ, Park CW, Kim DW, Park HK, Byambaragchaa M, Lee NS, Hong SM, Seo MY, Kang MH, Min KS. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant tethered follicle-stimulating hormone from Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 233:8-15. [PMID: 27174750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a recombinant tethered follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) from Japanese eel Anguilla japonica that was produced in Escherichia coli. Positive hybridomas (clones eFA-C5, eFA-C10, eFA-C11, eFA-C12, eFA-C13, and eFB-C14) were selected by using the eel FSH antigen in ELISA, and anti-eel FSH mAbs were purified from culture supernatants by performing affinity chromatography. Three of the 6mAbs were characterized and their isotypes were identified as IgG2b (eFA-C5 and eFA-C11) and IgG1 (eFB-C14). In western blotting assays, the mAbs recognized the antigen as a 24.3-kDa band, and further detected bands of 34 and 32kDa in the supernatants of CHO cells transfected with cDNA encoding tethered eel FSHβ/α and LHβ/α, respectively. PNase F-mediated deglycosylation of the recombinant proteins resulted in a drastic reduction in their molecular weight, to 7-9kDa. The mAbs eFA-C5 and eFA-C11 recognized the eel FSHα-subunit that is commonly encoded among glycoprotein hormones, whereas eFB-C14 recognized the eel FSHβ-subunit, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the staining by these mAbs was specifically localized in the eel pituitary. We also established an ELISA system for detecting rec-tethered FSHβ/α and LHβ/α produced from CHO cell lines. Measurement of biological activities in vitro revealed that only weak activity of rec-FSHβ/α was detected. The activity of rec-LHβ/α was found to be increased in a dose-dependent manner for eel oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Jung Kim
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Won Park
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Park
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Sil Lee
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Hong
- Dept. of Research and Development, Institute of Gyeongbuk Marine Bioindustry, Ulgin 36315, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Seo
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea.
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Byambaragchaa M, Cruz JD, Kh A, Hwang SG. Anticancer Potential of an Ethanol Extract of Saussurea Involucrata against Hepatic Cancer Cells in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7527-32. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Byambaragchaa M, de la Cruz J, Yang SH, Hwang SG. Anti-metastatic potential of ethanol extract of Saussurea involucrata against hepatic cancer in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5397-402. [PMID: 24175833 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not lessened because of difficulty in treating tumor metastasis. Mongolian Saussurea involucrata (SIE) possesses various anticancer activities, including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, detailed effects and molecular mechanisms of SIE on metastasis are unclear. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate antimetastatic effects on HCC cells as well as possible mechanisms. Effects of SIE on the growth, adhesion, migration, aggregation and invasion of the SK-Hep1 human HCC cell line were investigated. SIE inhibited cell growth of metastatic cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Incubation of SK-Hep1 cells with 200-400 μg/mL of SIE significantly inhibited cell adhesion to gelatin-coated substrate. In the migration (wound healing) and aggregation assays, SIE treated cells showed lower levels than untreated cells. Invasion assays revealed that SIE treatment inhibited cell invasion capacity of HCC cells substantially. Quantitative real time PCR showed inhibitory effects of SIE on MMP-2/-9 and MT1-MMP mRNA levels, and stimulatory effects on TIMP-1, an inhibitor of MMPs. The present study not only demonstrated that invasion and motility of cancer cells were inhibited by SIE, but also indicated that such effects were likely associated with the decrease in MMP-2/-9 expression of SK-Hep1 cells. From these results, it was suggested that SIE could be used as potential anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Philippines E-mail :
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Byambaragchaa M, Kim GD, Hwang SG. Saussurea involucrata extract inhibits metastasis in SK‐Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.639.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Department of Animal Life and Environmental ScienceHankyong National UniversityAnseong CityRepublic of Korea
| | - Gi Dae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Gu Hwang
- Department of Animal Life and Environmental ScienceHankyong National UniversityAnseong CityRepublic of Korea
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