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Borges MG, Rocha CS, Carvalho BS, Lopes-Cendes I. Methodological differences can affect sequencing depth with a possible impact on the accuracy of genetic diagnosis. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190270. [PMID: 32343762 PMCID: PMC7198014 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better interpretation of variants, evidence-based databases, such as
ClinVar, compile data on the presumed relationships between variants and
phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to analyze the pattern of sequencing depth
in variants from whole-exome sequencing data in the 1000 Genomes project phase
3, focusing on the variants present in the ClinVar database that were predicted
to affect protein-coding regions. We demonstrate that the distribution of the
sequencing depth varies across different sequencing centers (pair-wise
comparison, p < 0.001). Most importantly, we found that the
distribution pattern of sequencing depth is specific to each facility, making it
possible to correctly assign 96.9% of the samples to their sequencing center.
Thus, indicating the presence of a systematic bias, related to the methods used
in the different facilities, which generates significant variations in breadth
and depth in whole-exome sequencing data in clinically relevant regions. Our
results show that methodological differences, leading to significant
heterogeneity in sequencing depth, may potentially influence the accuracy of
genetic diagnosis. Furthermore, our findings highlight how it is still
challenging to integrate results from different sequencing centers, which may
also have an impact on genomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo G Borges
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociência e Neurotecnologia (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin". Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociência e Neurotecnologia (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Benilton S Carvalho
- Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociência e Neurotecnologia (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica, Departamento de Estatística, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociência e Neurotecnologia (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Barcelos LM, Borges MG, Soares CJ, Menezes MS, Huynh V, Logan MG, Fugolin APP, Pfeifer CS. Effect of the photoinitiator system on the polymerization of secondary methacrylamides of systematically varied structure for dental adhesive applications. Dent Mater 2020; 36:468-477. [PMID: 32005546 PMCID: PMC7200046 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the photoinitiator system on the polymerization kinetics of methacrylamide-based monomers as alternatives to methacrylates in adhesives dental-based materials. METHODS In total, 16 groups were tested. Monofunctional monomers (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) - HEMA; (2-hydroxy-1-ethyl methacrylate) -2EMATE, (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylamide) - HEMAM; and (N-(1-hydroxybutan-2-yl) methacrylamide) -2EM; were combined with bifunctional monomers containing the same polymerizing moieties as the monofunctional counterparts (HEMA-BDI; 2EMATE-BDI; HEMAM-BDI; and 2EM-BDI) at 50/50 M ratios. BHT was used as inhibitor (0.1 wt%) and the photoinitiators used were: CQ + EDMAB (0.2/0.8), BAPO (0.2), IVOCERIN (0.2), and DMPA (0.2), in wt%. The polymerization kinetics were monitored using Near-IR spectroscopy (∼6165 cm-1) in real-time while the specimens were photoactivated with a mercury arc lamp (Acticure 2; 320-500 nm, 300 mW/cm2) for 5 min, and maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax, in %.s-̄1), degree of conversion at Rpmax (DC@Rpmax, in %), and the final degree of conversion (Final DC, in %) were calculated (n = 3). Initial viscosity was measured with an oscillating rheometer (n = 3). Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA for the polymerization kinetics and one-way ANOVA for the viscosity. Multiple comparisons were made using the Tukey's test (∝ = 0.05). RESULTS There was statistically significant interaction between monomer and photoinitiator (p < 0.001). For the methacrylates groups, the highest Rpmax was observed for HEMA + DMPA and 2EMATE + BAPO. For methacrylamides groups, the highest Rpmax were observed for HEMAM and 2EM, both with DMPA. Final DC was higher for the methacrylate groups, in comparison with methacrylamide groups, independent of the photoinitiators. However, for the methacrylamide groups, the association with BAPO led to the lowest values of DC. In terms of DC@Rpmax, methacrylate-based systems showed significantly higher values than methacrylamide formulations. DMPA and Ivocerin led to higher values than CQ/EDMAB and BAPO in methacrylamide-based compounds. BAPO systems showed de lowest values for both HEMA and HEMAM formulations. For the viscosity (Pa.s), only 2EM had higher values (1.60 ± 0.15) in comparison with all monomers. In conclusion, polymerization kinetics was affected by the photoinitiators for both monomers. Viscosity was significantly increased with the use of secondary methacrylamide. SIGNIFICANCE this work demonstrated the feasibility of using newly-synthesized methacrylamide monomers in conjunction with a series of initiator systems already used in commercial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Barcelos
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - M G Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - C J Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - M S Menezes
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - V Huynh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - M G Logan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - A P P Fugolin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - C S Pfeifer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, United States.
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Borges MG, Barcelos LM, Menezes MS, Soares CJ, Fugolin APP, Navarro O, Huynh V, Lewis SH, Pfeifer CS. Effect of the addition of thiourethane oligomers on the solgel composition of BisGMA/TEGDMA polymer networks. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1523-1531. [PMID: 31395449 PMCID: PMC6815248 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thiourethane oligomers have been shown to increase the fracture toughness and reduce the polymerization stress of methacrylate-based materials. However, network formation has not been elucidated in these materials yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the addition of a thiourethane oligomer (TU) influences the sol/gel composition and network structure of methacrylate-based materials using dynamic mechanical analysis and extraction methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS BisGMA/TEGDMA at systematically varied mass ratios (20/80 to 80/20wt%) were mixed with pre-polymerized thiourethane oligomers at 0 (control) or 20wt%, synthesized by combining pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate with dicyclohexylmethane 4,4⿲-Diisocyanate, at 1:2 isocyanate:thiol. 0.1wt% of 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone was added as the photoinitiator and 0.3wt% of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol was added as a free radical inhibitor. Disk specimens (0.8ÿ10mm in diameter, n=3) were photoactivated at 270mW/ (320500nm) for 1min. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured in near-IR (˿6165cm1). Specimens were immersed in two different solvents (water for 7 days or dicholoromethane for 48h). Water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) were obtained according to ISO 4049. The leachates for both solutions were analyzed with 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDCL3). Bar specimens (1ÿ3ÿ25mm, photocured and then post-processed at 180°C for 8h to DC>95%) were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (30 to 230°C) to obtain glass transition temperature (Tg), tan delta curves and crosslinking density (ν). Data was analyzed with two-way ANOVA/Tukeys test (95%). RESULTS In general, the presence of TU increased the overall conversion. The WS was similar for all groups, but the SL decreased by 2-fold with the addition of the TU oligomer for all compositions, except BisGMA/TEGDMA 80/20. The BisGMA concentration of the leachates increased with increasing BisGMA in the initial mixture, and with the presence of thiourethane. This compositional drift of the gel with the presence of TU was attributed to the preferential dissolution of TEGDMA into the TU network. Tg and ν decreased with the addition of TU, as expected. The addition of TU produced more homogeneous networks, as evidenced by narrower breadth of the tan delta curve. CONCLUSION The addition of TU affected the composition of the sol/gel in crosslinked networks, which were more homogeneous and presented 2-fold less potentially toxic leachates than the methacrylate controls. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of TU may produce less cytotoxic materials based on the increased conversion and reduced amount of unreacted extractables from its network after water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - L M Barcelos
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - M S Menezes
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - C J Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - A P P Fugolin
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - O Navarro
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - V Huynh
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S H Lewis
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - C S Pfeifer
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Mira TA, Buen MM, Borges MG, Yela DA, Benetti-Pinto CL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of complementary treatments for women with symptomatic endometriosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 143:2-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana A.A. Mira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Buen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Murilo G. Borges
- Department of Medical Genetics; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Daniela A. Yela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Cristina L. Benetti-Pinto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
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Avansini SH, Torres FR, Vieira AS, Dogini DB, Rogerio F, Coan AC, Morita ME, Guerreiro MM, Yasuda CL, Secolin R, Carvalho BS, Borges MG, Almeida VS, Araújo PAOR, Queiroz L, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I. Dysregulation of NEUROG2 plays a key role in focal cortical dysplasia. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:623-635. [PMID: 29461643 PMCID: PMC5901021 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are an important cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. In this work, we aimed to investigate whether abnormal gene regulation, mediated by microRNA, could be involved in FCD type II. METHODS We used total RNA from the brain tissue of 16 patients with FCD type II and 28 controls. MicroRNA expression was initially assessed by microarray. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assays, and deep sequencing for genes in the mTOR pathway were performed to validate and further explore our initial study. RESULTS hsa-let-7f (p = 0.039), hsa-miR-31 (p = 0.0078), and hsa-miR34a (p = 0.021) were downregulated in FCD type II, whereas a transcription factor involved in neuronal and glial fate specification, NEUROG2 (p < 0.05), was upregulated. We also found that the RND2 gene, a NEUROG2-target, is upregulated (p < 0.001). In vitro experiments showed that hsa-miR-34a downregulates NEUROG2 by binding to its 5'-untranslated region. Moreover, we observed strong nuclear expression of NEUROG2 in balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons and found that 28.5% of our patients presented brain somatic mutations in genes of the mTOR pathway. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a new molecular mechanism, in which NEUROG2 has a pivotal and central role in the pathogenesis of FCD type II. In this way, we found that the downregulation of hsa-miR-34a leads to upregulation of NEUROG2, and consequently to overexpression of the RND2 gene. These findings indicate that a faulty coupling in neuronal differentiation and migration mechanisms may explain the presence of aberrant cells and complete dyslamination in FCD type II. Ann Neurol 2018;83:623-635.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simoni H Avansini
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fábio R Torres
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André S Vieira
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danyella B Dogini
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rogerio
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana C Coan
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcia E Morita
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marilisa M Guerreiro
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Benilton S Carvalho
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo G Borges
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Almeida
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A O R Araújo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Queiroz
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas and Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
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Feliciano A, do Rosário HS, Goulão I, Borges MG, Silva M, Rego P, Silvério S, Pedro V. [Vasoactive endothelial factors]. Rev Port Cardiol 1993; 12:557-60, 510-1. [PMID: 8333993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-derived vasoactive factors are produced by the endothelium activated by effective stimulus, and with paracrine regulatory activity of the tone/proliferation of the vascular smooth muscle and platelet function. They are divided in two groups: endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. Among the endothelium-derived relaxing factors, PG I2, EDRF (NO or other nitrous compound) and EDHF (still unidentified) have been considered Synthetized by the endothelium after stimulation by plasmatic, platelet-derived and endothelium-derived substances and mechanisms, towards the vascular smooth muscle (myorelaxing/cytostatic) and the platelets (antiaggregation). The endothelium-derived contracting factors include the EDCF1 (endothelins, 21 amino acids peptides), EDCF2 (O2-) and TxA2. Its production, induced by stimulus similar to those for relaxing factors, promotes constriction/mitogenesis of the vascular smooth muscle and platelet aggregation. Probably, endothelin-1 has indirect actions over hormonal mechanisms of cardiovascular and renal regulation. The vascular system establishes a tight regulation over the production of these endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. Its loss (usually due to alteration of endothelial responsiveness to stimulation) allows local or generalized modifications of the vascular tone. These can depend on hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion lesion, diabetes, inflammation and situations of farmacotoxicity (all developing vasoconstriction/vasospasm) or by septicemia (leading to vasodilation). This disregulation is also involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion. The vascular tone regulation by endothelium also leads to systemic consequences. Essentially by decreasing cardiac, cerebral and renal blood flow it implies morphologic and functional modifications of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feliciano
- Cadeira de Fisiopatologia Geral, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa
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