Effect of nutritional status on mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVES

The prognostic effects of poor nutritional status and cardiac cachexia on coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clearly understood. A well-accepted nutritional status parameter, the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which was first demonstrated to be valuable in patients with cancer and those undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, was introduced to patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of PNI in patients with CAD undergoing CABG.

METHODS

We evaluated the in-hospital and long-term (3-y) prognostic effect of PNI on 644 patients with CAD undergoing CABG. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared among the patients by PNI and categorized accordingly: Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.

RESULTS

Patients with lower PNI had significantly higher in-hospital and long-term mortality. Patients with lower PNI levels (Q1) had higher in-hospital mortality and had 12 times higher mortality rates than those with higher PNI levels (Q4). The higher PNI group had the lower rates and was used as the reference. Long-term mortality was higher in patients with lower PNI (Q1)-4.9 times higher than in the higher PNI group (Q4). In-hospital and long-term mortality rates were similar in the non-lower PNI groups (Q2-4).

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrated that PNI, calculated based on serum albumin level and lymphocyte count, is an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients undergoing CABG.

Acute pancreatitis after coronary artery bypass surgery treated by plasmapheresis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disorder and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. There are different causes of AP, including gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. AP after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is seen less frequently but it is associated with a high mortality rate due to its atypical and misleading symptoms. Supportive treatment, pain management, and treatment of complications are used in the treatment of AP. The treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis is plasmapheresis, which is an extracorporeal separation of blood components to assist in the removal of inflammatory mediators. Here we present the case of a 60-year-old male patient who developed severe AP (Ranson Score: 6) without hypertriglyceridemia after CABG. The patient received supportive treatment, but the response to conventional therapy was not predictable. Thus, plasmapheresis was started, and the patient was treated with plasmapheresis successfully. The use of plasmapheresis in patients with this condition is a new treatment modality as far as we know. This case illustrates the efficient and safe use of the plasmapheresis treatment modality in a patient with AP without hypertriglyceridemia.

ADMA, SDMA and L-arginine may be Novel Targets in Pharmacotherapy for Complications due to Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background

In this study, the effects of olmesartan therapy on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were investigated in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods

Patients were randomly allocated to two groups, control and olmesartan. Olmesartan was administered 30 mg once a day beginning from preoperative day 5 to postoperative day 28 and on operation day. Blood was drawn from all patients and ADMA, SDMA, L-arginine and iNOS levels were analyzed at six time points (T1: before anesthesia induction, T2: during cardiopulmonary bypass, T3: five min after the cross-clamp was removed, T4: after protamine infusion, T5: on postoperative day 3 and T6: on postoperative day 28).

Results

In the olmesartan treated group, iNOS levels exhibited significant decreases at T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 time points compared with control group (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). ADMA levels were significantly lower in olmesartan treated group than in control group at T3, T4, T5 and T6 time points (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01 respectively). SDMA levels at T2, T3 and T6 time points were higher in control group than olmesartan group. L-Arginine levels were significantly higher at T2 and T3 time points in olmesartan treated group than control group (p<0.001, p<0.01).

Conclusions

It was concluded that administration of olmesartan reduced plasma ADMA, SDMA, iNOS levels and enhanced L-arginine level in CPB time and it could reduce potential postoperative complications through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the postoperative period after coronary bypass surgery.