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Chatzileontiadou S, Hatjiharissi E, Angelopoulou M, Asimakopoulos JV, Loutsidi NE, Chatzikonstantinou T, Zikos P, Bouchla A, Bezirgiannidou Z, Kouvata E, Frouzaki C, Chaloudis P, Sotiropoulos D, Douka V, Sirigou A, Mandala E, Psyllaki M, Papadaki HA, Marinakis T, Viniou NA, Kokkori S, Kontopidou F, Skepetari A, Vassilopoulos G, Kotsianidis I, Pappa V, Lalayanni C, Baltadakis I, Delimpassi S, Pagoni M, Papaioannou M. Thromboembolic events in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): Real world data of a Greek nationwide multicenter retrospective study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128994. [PMID: 36959785 PMCID: PMC10028290 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is the most common and a life-threatening complication in patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. One-third of patients with PNH experience at least one thromboembolic event during the course of the disease, with thrombosis being the most common cause of death in these patients. The mechanism of thrombosis in PNH is complex and continues to be of great research interest. Since the introduction of C5 complement inhibitors in the treatment of PNH, the incidence of thromboembolic events has decreased substantially. We retrospectively analyzed data concerning the thrombotic episodes of 41 patients with PNH from 14 different national hematology centers in Greece. Sixteen patients (39%) experienced at least one episode of thrombosis, including, seven (43.8%) at diagnosis, seven (43.8%) during the course of the disease and two (12.5%) patients prior to PNH diagnosis. Nearly half of these individuals (n=7, 43.8%) had multiple episodes of thrombosis during the course of their disease. The most common sites of thrombosis were intra-abdominal veins. Three out of 26 patients developed thrombosis while on eculizumab. In none of the 16 patients, the thrombotic event was fatal. Our findings, despite the small number of patients, confirmed that thrombosis continues to be a significant complication of PNH affecting more than one third of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Chatzileontiadou
- Hematology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Hatjiharissi
- Hematology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M. Angelopoulou
- Department of Hematology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - J. V. Asimakopoulos
- Department of Hematology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - N. E. Loutsidi
- Hematology - Lymphomas Department and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - T. Chatzikonstantinou
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P. Zikos
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Patras “Aghios Andreas”, Patras, Greece
| | - A. Bouchla
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, Hematology Unit, University General Hospital, “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
| | - Z. Bezirgiannidou
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - E. Kouvata
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - C. Frouzaki
- Hematology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P. Chaloudis
- Hematology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Sotiropoulos
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V. Douka
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Sirigou
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Mandala
- Forth Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Hippokration” Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M. Psyllaki
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - H. A. Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - T. Marinakis
- Department of Hematology, “G. Gennimatas” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - N. A. Viniou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S. Kokkori
- Hematology Laboratory, University General Hospital “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
| | - F. Kontopidou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Skepetari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - G. Vassilopoulos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - I. Kotsianidis
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - V. Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, Hematology Unit, University General Hospital, “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
| | - C. Lalayanni
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. Baltadakis
- Hematology - Lymphomas Department and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S. Delimpassi
- Hematology - Lymphomas Department and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Pagoni
- Hematology - Lymphomas Department and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Papaioannou
- Hematology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: M. Papaioannou,
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Sanidas EA, Viniou NA, Diamantopoulos P, Barbetseas J. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Contemporary therapeutic approaches in light of the new oral anticoagulants. Hamostaseologie 2015; 35:372-5. [PMID: 26302031 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-15-04-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic syndrome initiated by platelet-activating auto-antibodies with potentially devastating complications. Once the diagnosis of HIT is suspected, discontinuation of heparin and treatment with an alternative anticoagulant are mandatory. While established drugs for HIT are no longer available, parenteral factor Xa inhibitors, thrombin inhibitors and perhaps the direct oral anticoagulants provide additional treatment options. The aim of this review was to highlight the current clinical aspects regarding HIT focusing on the role of novel medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sanidas
- Elias Sanidas MD, PhD, FACC, FESC, Department of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma street, 11527, Athens, Greece,
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Lilakos K, Viniou NA, Mavrogianni D, Vassilakopoulos TP, Dimopoulou MN, Plata E, Angelopoulou MK, Variami E, Stavrogianni N, Liapi D, Xilouri I, Galanopoulos A, Ageloudi M, Panayiotidis P, Voulgarelis M, Rombos J, Meletis J, Yataganas X, Pangalis GA. FLT3 overexpression in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients without detectable FLT3-ITD or codon 835-836 mutations: a pilot study. Anticancer Res 2006; 26:1201-7. [PMID: 16619525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase are common in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but have uncertain prognostic significance. Information regarding FLT3 expression levels in APL without FLT3 mutations is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using RT-PCR, mutation analysis of the FLT3 gene, regarding internal tandem duplications (ITDs) and codon 835-836 point mutations, was performed and real-time PCR was carried out to determine the level of FLT3 expression in 11 APL patients at diagnosis and 5 in haematological remission with molecularly detectable disease. RESULTS High levels of FLT3 transcript, at least a 10-fold increase compared to the normal controls, were found at diagnosis in all 3 mutated cases and in 2 patients without detectable FLT3 mutations. CONCLUSION FLT3 overexpression can be documented in patients without FLT3 mutations. These patients might benefit from treatment using specific FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the clinical and biological significance of FLT3 overexpression in the absence of FLT3 mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Codon
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Pilot Projects
- Point Mutation
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Tandem Repeat Sequences
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/biosynthesis
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lilakos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, The Greek AML Study Group, Athens, Greece
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Dimopoulos MA, Zomas A, Viniou NA, Grigoraki V, Galani E, Matsouka C, Economou O, Anagnostopoulos N, Panayiotidis P. Treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with thalidomide. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:3596-601. [PMID: 11504741 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.16.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a prospective phase II study to assess the activity of thalidomide in patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with WM were treated with thalidomide at a starting dose of 200 mg daily with dose escalation in 200-mg increments every 14 days as tolerated to a maximum of 600 mg. All patients were symptomatic, their median age was 74 years, and 10 patients were previously untreated. RESULTS On an intent-to-treat basis, five (25%) of 20 patients achieved a partial response after treatment. Responses occurred in three of 10 previously untreated and in two of 10 pretreated patients. None of the patients treated during refractory relapse or with disease duration exceeding 2 years responded to thalidomide. Time to response was short, ranging between 0.8 months to 2.8 months. Adverse effects were common but reversible and consisted primarily of constipation, somnolence, fatigue, and mood changes. The daily dose of thalidomide was escalated to 600 mg in only five patients (25%), and in seven patients (35%), this agent was discontinued within 2 months because of intolerance. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that thalidomide has activity in WM but only low doses were tolerated in this elderly patient population. Confirmatory studies as well as studies that will combine thalidomide with chemotherapy or with rituximab may be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Greece.
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Kosmas C, Viniou NA, Stamatopoulos K, Courtenay-Luck NS, Papadaki T, Kollia P, Paterakis G, Anagnostou D, Yataganas X, Loukopoulos D. Analysis of the kappa light chain variable region in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1996; 94:306-17. [PMID: 8759891 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in multiple myeloma has revealed extensive divergence from the germline sequences, but no intraclonal diversity with disease evolution. Our study investigated the state of the rearranged kappa light chain variable region (V kappa) gene segments as well as abortive V kappa family gene usage in cases of multiple myeloma expressing lambda light chain. We studied 11 cases of kappa and five cases of lambda light chain-expressing multiple myeloma. Total cellular RNA was extracted from the bone marrow of patients with overt disease and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to amplify clonally rearranged variable region sequences. Direct nucleotide sequencing by the dideoxy-chain termination method was performed on the RT-PCR products. We did not observe preferential usage of certain V kappa gene families. Mutation frequencies of the V kappa segments varied in number. In the majority of cases, extensive somatic mutations occurred within the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of V kappa, whereas only a limited degree of divergence from the germline was observed in others. In all cases studied. replacement mutations tended to cluster in the CDRs, a finding compatible with an antigen-driven somatic hypermutation process. In 3/5 cases of lambda light-chain expressing multiple myeloma, abortively rearranged V kappa gene segments were amplified from genomic DNA; in two cases a non-templated nucleotide insertion rendering the V kappa sequences out-of-frame was observed, and in the third a stop codon was identified in the open reading frame of the V kappa sequence. Somatic mutations were observed in all cases of abortive V kappa genes studied; however, their distribution does not suggest selection by antigen. We conclude that somatic mutations observed in the V kappa regions of myeloma cells are of variable extent and suggest operation of the antigen selection process. Lack of or minimal somatic hypermutation in a few cases may be in some way implicated in the biological heterogeneity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kosmas
- First Department of Medicine, University of Athens School of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Greece
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Viniou NA, Yataganas X, Stamatopoulos K, Xefteri I, Kalmantis T, Papasavas P, Mitsulis C, Rombos J, Meletis J, Bourantas K. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis and molecular monitoring of the PML/RAR alpha fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995; 84:91-4. [PMID: 8536228 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a specific t(15;17) translocation and a high rate of response to all-trans retinoic acid. The translocation generates a PML/RAR alpha chimeric gene which is transcribed in a fusion PML/RAR alpha mRNA. In this study, by using RT-PCR, we examined 14 APL patients for PML/RAR alpha fusion gene transcripts. Eight patients were studied at diagnosis, 2 at relapse, 1 both at relapse and after reinduction, 1 both at diagnosis and after three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy, and 2 patients were examined for minimal residual disease (MRD) 4 months after completing treatment. A positive result was observed in all 14 cases. Two patients who were in complete hematologic remission had evidence of hematologic relapse soon after the positive test. We conclude that RT-PCR for APL yields important diagnostic and prognostic information for the APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Viniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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