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Dochez-Arnault J, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Matias I, Evrard B, Lagarrigue M, Toupin M, Lardenois A, Chalmel F, Mazaud-Guittot S, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Gely-Pernot A. Expression of the endocannabinoid system and response to cannabinoid components by the human fetal testis. BMC Med 2023; 21:219. [PMID: 37430350 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis consumption by pregnant women continues to increase worldwide, raising concerns about adverse effects on fetal growth and deleterious impacts on the newborn, in connection with evidence of placental transfer of cannabis compound. Cannabis action is mediated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which expression is well established in the brain but unknown in the developing testis. The fetal testis, whose endocrine function orchestrates the masculinization of many distant organs, is particularly sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics. In this context, we aimed to determine whether cannabis exposure has the potential to directly impact the human fetal testis. METHODS We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate the presence in the human fetal testis of two key endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and to a lower level anandamide (AEA), as well as a range of enzymes and receptors for the ECS. Ex vivo exposure of first trimester testes to CBD, THC, or CBD/THC [ratio 1:1] at 10-7 to 10-5 M altered testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, AMH secretion by Sertoli cells, and impacted testicular cell proliferation and viability as early as 72 h post-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. Depending on the molecules and testis age, highly deleterious effects of phytocannabinoid exposure were observed on testis tissue after 14 days, including Sertoli and germ cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to evidence the presence of the ECS in the human fetal testis and to highlight the potential adverse effect of cannabis consumption by pregnant women onto the development of the male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dochez-Arnault
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - C Desdoits-Lethimonier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - I Matias
- Neurocentre Magendie - Inserm, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - M Lagarrigue
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | | | - A Lardenois
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - F Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - S Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - A Gely-Pernot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France.
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Neyroud AS, Rolland A, Evrard B, Alary N, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Jégou B, Bujan L, Ravel C, Chalmel F. P–055 Methylation dynamics of the sperm epigenome after chemotherapy: a case study. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What is the evolution of the sperm epigenome after chemotherapy in a patient with testicular cancer (TC)?
Summary answer
These new data on epigenetic recovery profil after TC are useful tools for counseling and reassuring these patients.
What is known already
An important issue for young men affected TC is how TC and its treatment will affect, transiently or permanently, their future reproductive health. The consequences of cancer treatment on the sperm epigenome during the recovery periods are topical issues of ascendant significance as epigenetic modifications to the paternal genome may have deleterious effects on the offspring.
Study design, size, duration
Here we report the epigenomic profiling of frozen sperm from a TC patient before and after the treatment at different time points (6, 9, 12 and 24 months) by using RRBS analysis (Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing method).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A testicular tumor (testicular germ cell tumor) was diagnosed in a 30 years old patient. A cryopreservation of spermatozoa was proposed before treatment.Semen samples were obtained 2 times before treatment and 4 times after treatment (6, 9, 12 and 24 months following the initiation of treatment).
Main results and the role of chance
Upon collection, sampling after chemotherapy ranged from 0,6 to 4,2 million per sperm straw between 6 and 24 months after the treatment, always increasing.
In order to capture the direct effect of the treatment on the methylation changes, the DMR detection has been operated between pre-chemotherapy samples (pair-wise) and the time point of 6 months. Among the 179 hqDMRs, 74 are differentially methylated between the PreCT and PostCT6m samples (16 hyper- and 68 hypo-methylated) associated with 49 DMGs (15 hyper- and 34 hypo-methylated).
We further sub-clustered the 74 hqDMRs between PreCT and PostCT6m into 6 patterns, 3 hyper- and 3 hypo-methylated. Briefly, patterns P1 and P4 include hqDMRs that quickly get back to their pre-treatment methylation status just after 9th months onwards. Patterns P2 and P5 include hqDMRs that slowly get back to their pre-treatment methylation status between 12 and 24 months after treatment. Patterns P3 and P6 include hqDMRs that remain hyper- or hypo-methylated even after 24 months.
We have intersected the genes (DMGs) associated with the detected hqDMRs with those known to be important or expressed during embryogenesis. We thus detected that 7 hyper-methylated and 6 hypomethylated DMGs were involved (or expressed) during embryonic / fetal development.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study involves a single patient. As the patient made no major changes in his personal way of life, we hypothesized that sperm parameter variations may be attributable to the BEP treatment.
Wider implications of the findings: The altered methylated status of those DMGs important for early development might modify their expression pattern and thus affect their function during key stages of embryogenesis leading to potential developmental disorders. It is important to notice that among the 110 DMGs none of them correspond to known imprinted genes.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Neyroud
- CHU de Rennes, Biology of reproduction, rennes, France
| | - A Rolland
- Univ Rennes- Inserm- EHESP- Irset Institut de recherche en santé- environnement et travail - UMR_S 1085- F–35000 Rennes- France., Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - B Evrard
- Univ Rennes- Inserm- EHESP- Irset Institut de recherche en santé- environnement et travail - UMR_S 1085- F–35000 Rennes- France., Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - N Alary
- Univ Rennes- Inserm- EHESP- Irset Institut de recherche en santé- environnement et travail - UMR_S 1085- F–35000 Rennes- France., Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Univ Rennes- Inserm- EHESP- Irset Institut de recherche en santé- environnement et travail - UMR_S 1085- F–35000 Rennes- France., Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - B Jégou
- Univ Rennes- Inserm- EHESP- Irset Institut de recherche en santé- environnement et travail - UMR_S 1085- F–35000 Rennes- France., Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - L Bujan
- CHU de Toulouse, Biology of reproduction, Toulouse, France
| | - C Ravel
- CHU de Rennes, Biology of reproduction, rennes, France
| | - F Chalmel
- Univ Rennes- Inserm- EHESP- Irset Institut de recherche en santé- environnement et travail - UMR_S 1085- F–35000 Rennes- France., Inserm, Rennes, France
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Rolland AD, Evrard B, Darde TA, Le Béguec C, Le Bras Y, Bensalah K, Lavoué S, Jost B, Primig M, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Chalmel F, Jégou B. RNA profiling of human testicular cells identifies syntenic lncRNAs associated with spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1278-1290. [PMID: 31247106 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the noncoding transcriptional landscape during spermatogenesis conserved between human and rodents? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified a core group of 113 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 20 novel genes dynamically and syntenically transcribed during spermatogenesis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process driven by a tightly regulated and highly specific gene expression program. Recently, several studies in various species have established that a large proportion of known lncRNAs are preferentially expressed during meiosis and spermiogenesis in a testis-specific manner. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION To further investigate lncRNA expression in human spermatogenesis, we carried out a cross-species RNA profiling study using isolated testicular cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human testes were obtained from post-mortem donors (N = 8, 51 years old on average) or from prostate cancer patients with no hormonal treatment (N = 9, 80 years old on average) and only patients with full spermatogenesis were used to prepare enriched populations of spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig cells, peritubular cells and Sertoli cells. To minimize potential biases linked to inter-patient variations, RNAs from two or three donors were pooled prior to RNA-sequencing (paired-end, strand-specific). Resulting reads were mapped to the human genome, allowing for assembly and quantification of corresponding transcripts. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Our RNA-sequencing analysis of pools of isolated human testicular cells enabled us to reconstruct over 25 000 transcripts. Among them we identified thousands of lncRNAs, as well as many previously unidentified genes (novel unannotated transcripts) that share many properties of lncRNAs. Of note is that although noncoding genes showed much lower synteny than protein-coding ones, a significant fraction of syntenic lncRNAs displayed conserved expression during spermatogenesis. LARGE SCALE DATA Raw data files (fastq) and a searchable table (.xlss) containing information on genomic features and expression data for all refined transcripts have been submitted to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE74896. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Isolation procedures may alter the physiological state of testicular cells, especially for somatic cells, leading to substantial changes at the transcriptome level. We therefore cross-validated our findings with three previously published transcriptomic analyses of human spermatogenesis. Despite the use of stringent filtration criteria, i.e. expression cut-off of at least three fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped, fold-change of at least three and false discovery rate adjusted P-values of less than <1%, the possibility of assembly artifacts and false-positive transcripts cannot be fully ruled out. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS For the first time, this study has led to the identification of a large number of conserved germline-associated lncRNAs that are potentially important for spermatogenesis and sexual reproduction. In addition to further substantiating the basis of the human testicular physiology, our study provides new candidate genes for male infertility of genetic origin. This is likely to be relevant for identifying interesting diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and also potential novel therapeutic targets for male contraception. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by l'Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm); l'Université de Rennes 1; l'Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP); INERIS-STORM to B.J. [N 10028NN]; Rennes Métropole 'Défis scientifiques émergents' to F.C (2011) and A.D.R (2013). The authors have no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Rolland
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - B Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - T A Darde
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - C Le Béguec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Y Le Bras
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - K Bensalah
- Urology Department, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - S Lavoué
- Unité de Coordination Hospitalière des Prélèvements d'organes et de Tissus, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - B Jost
- Plateforme GenomEast-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - M Primig
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - F Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - B Jégou
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
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Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Lesné L, Gaudriault P, Zalko D, Antignac JP, Deceuninck Y, Platel C, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Mazaud-Guittot S, Jégou B. Parallel assessment of the effects of bisphenol A and several of its analogs on the adult human testis. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1465-1473. [PMID: 28482050 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA analogs (BPA-A) safe for male human reproductive function? SUMMARY ANSWER The endocrine function of human testes explants [assessed by measuring testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3)] was impacted by exposure of the human adult testis explants to BPA/BPA-A. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The few epidemiologic studies performed suggest that bisphenols have potential endocrine disruptive properties, but they did not identify clear and direct patterns of endocrine disruption. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Adult human testis explants in culture were exposed to BPA and the analogs bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) at 10-9-10-5 M for 24 or 48 h. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human adult testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients who had no hormone therapy, or from multiorgan donors. After ex vivo exposure to the investigated bisphenols, the measured outcomes were related to histopathology (gross morphology and germ cell viability determined by anti-caspase three immunohistochemistry), and the levels of testosterone, INSL3 and inhibin B were measured using immunoassays. The levels of mRNA encoding key enzymes of bisphenol biotransformation were investigated by quantitative PCR: UGT2B15 UDP (glucuronosyltransferase two family, polypeptide B15), GUSB (glucuronidase beta), SULT1A1 and 3 (sulfotransferase family 1 A member 1 and 3) and STS (steroid sulfatase). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A significant dose-dependent inhibition was found between testosterone levels measured in the culture medium and concentrations of BPA (P = 0.00778 at 24 h and P = 0.0291 at 48 h), BPE (P = 0.039) and BPF (P = 0.00663). The observed BPA and BPA-A-induced inhibition of testosterone production varied according to duration of exposure and BPA/BPA-A concentrations. BPA (10-9 M; P < 0.05), BPB (10-9 M; P < 0.05), BPS (10-9 and 10-8 M; P < 0.05) and BADGE (10-5 M; P < 0.05) increased Leydig cell INSL3 production. By contrast, BPE dose dependently inhibited INSL3 (P = 0.0372). Conversely, Sertoli cell function (inhibin B) and germ cell viability were not significantly affected by either bisphenols. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Environmental compounds cannot be deliberately administered to men, justifying the use of an ex vivo approach. A relatively low number of testes samples were available for analysis (n = 3, except for testosterone secretion with n = 5). The active concentrations of BPA and BPA-A used in the study were higher than those found in human biological fluids. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Under our experimental conditions, direct exposure to BPA or BPA-A can result in endocrine disturbance in the adult human testis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), EHESP-School of Public Health, University of Rennes1, by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR; grant#ANR-13-CESA-0012-03 NEWPLAST) and Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES; grant#EST-2010/2/046 (BPATESTIS)). All authors declare they have no current or potential competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desdoits-Lethimonier
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - L Lesné
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - P Gaudriault
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - D Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - J P Antignac
- Oniris UMR INRA 1329 LABERCA (Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et des Contaminants dans les aliments), La Chantrerie, Nantes, France
| | - Y Deceuninck
- Oniris UMR INRA 1329 LABERCA (Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et des Contaminants dans les aliments), La Chantrerie, Nantes, France
| | - C Platel
- CHU Rennes, Unité de coordination hospitalière des prélèvements d'organes et de tissus, 2 rue Henri Guilloux 35000 Rennes, France
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - S Mazaud-Guittot
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - B Jégou
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,EHESP-School of Public Health, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
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Michel A, Penna S, Becker E, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Vigneau C, Mazaud-Guittot S. Toxicité fœtale de l’ibuprofène et du paracétamol sur le développement rénal : étude sur culture organotypique de reins fœtaux humains. Nephrol Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2017.08.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dejucq-Rainsford N. HIV infection and anti-viral mechanisms in the male urogenital tract. J Reprod Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kristensen DM, Lesné L, Le Fol V, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Leffers H, Jégou B. Paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and indomethacin are anti-androgenic in the rat foetal testis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 35:377-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Albert O, Le Bizec B, Perdu E, Zalko D, Courant F, Lesne L, Guille F, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Jegou B. Human testis steroidogenesis is inhibited by phthalates. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1451-9. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite semen being the main vector of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dissemination worldwide, the origin of the virus in this bodily fluid remains unclear. It was recently shown that several organs of the male genital tract (MGT) are infected by HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and likely to contribute to semen viral load during the primary and chronic stages of the infection. These findings are important in helping answer the following questions: (i) does the MGT constitute a viral reservoir responsible for the persistence of virus release into the semen of a subset of HIV-infected men under antiretroviral therapy, who otherwise show an undetectable blood viral load? (ii) What is the aetiology of the semen abnormalities observed in asymptomatic HIV-infected men? (iii) What is the exact nature of the interactions between the spermatozoa, their testicular progenitors and HIV, an important issue in the context of assisted reproductive techniques proposed for HIV-seropositive (HIV+) men? Answers to these questions are crucial for the design of new therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating the virus from the genital tract of HIV+ men – thus reducing its sexual transmission – and for improving the care of serodiscordant couples wishing to have children. This review summarizes the most recent literature on HIV infection of the male genital tract, discusses the above issues in light of the latest findings and highlights future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Le Tortorec
- INSERM U625, Rennes, Rennes I University, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
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Le Tortorec A, Denis H, Satie AP, Patard JJ, Ruffault A, Jégou B, Dejucq-Rainsford N. Antiviral responses of human Leydig cells to mumps virus infection or poly I:C stimulation. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2095-103. [PMID: 18567898 PMCID: PMC2517156 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immuno-privileged status of the testis is essential to the maintenance of its functions, and innate immunity is likely to play a key role in limiting harmful viral infections, as demonstrated in the rat. In men mumps virus infects Leydig cells and has deleterious effects on testosterone production and spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to test whether mumps virus infection of isolated human Leydig cells was associated with an inhibition of their innate antiviral defences. METHODS Leydig cell production of mRNA and protein for interferons (IFNs) and of three antiviral proteins—2′5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (2′5′OAS), double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and MxA—was investigated, in the absence or presence of mumps virus or viral stimuli including poly I:C, a mimetic of RNA viruses replication product. RESULTS Stimulated or not, human Leydig cells appeared unable to produce routinely detectable IFNs α, β and γ. Although the level of PKR remained unchanged after stimulation, the expression of 2′5′OAS and MxA was enhanced following either mumps virus or poly I:C exposure (P < 0.05 versus control). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrate that mumps virus replication in human Leydig cells is not associated with a specific inhibition of IFNs or 2′5′OAS, MxA and PKR production and that these cells display relatively weak endogenous antiviral abilities, as opposed to their rat counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Le Tortorec
- Inserm, U625, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, IFR-140, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - H. Denis
- Inserm, U625, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, IFR-140, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - A-P. Satie
- Inserm, U625, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, IFR-140, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - J-J. Patard
- Service d'Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - A. Ruffault
- Unité de Rétrovirologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - B. Jégou
- Inserm, U625, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, IFR-140, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - N. Dejucq-Rainsford
- Inserm, U625, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, IFR-140, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, Rennes, F-35042, France
- Correspondence address. Tel: +33-2-23-23-50-69; Fax: +33-2-23-23-50-55; E-mail:
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Le Tortorec A, Dejucq-Rainsford N. [Viruses and male genital tract: target cells and consequences of the infection]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2007; 11:433-445. [PMID: 36131466 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2011.9860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmissible infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) have renewed the attention paid to viruses capable of infecting the male genital tract. The presence of viruses at this level may not only lead to their transmission and spread via semen but may also impact on male fertility and/or represent a potential cause of male genital organ cancers. This review summarizes the currently available data on the various viruses identified in the human semen and male reproductive tract, their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible target cells and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems and on genital organs cancer aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Le Tortorec
- Inserm U625, Rennes, Université de Rennes I, Groupe d'étude de la reproduction chez l'homme et les mammifères, IFR140, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Inserm U625, Rennes, Université de Rennes I, Groupe d'étude de la reproduction chez l'homme et les mammifères, IFR140, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex
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Abstract
Despite semen being the main vector of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dissemination worldwide, the origin of the virus in this bodily fluid remains unknown. Of particular significance is the persistence of virus release in the semen of HIV-infected men under antiretroviral therapy, who otherwise show an undetectable blood viral load. It is therefore considered critical to identify the sources of virus shedding in semen for the more efficient control of HIV transmission. A number of studies indirectly suggest that the free viral particles and infected cells contaminating semen are produced within the male genital tract. Our recent findings indicate HIV infection of several semen-producing organs, including the testis (which represents a pharmacological sanctuary for several antiretroviral drugs), thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the local origin of the seminal contamination. Whether one or several of these organs constitute a viral reservoir seeding semen despite antiviral therapies, remains to be determined. In addition, the detection of virus within the testicular germ cells should be taken into account in the context of assisted reproductive techniques using these cells from HIV positive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Le Tortorec
- Inserm U625, Rennes, université de Rennes-1, Groupe d'étude de la reproduction chez l'homme et les mammifères, IFR 140, campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France
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Roulet V, Denis H, Staub C, Le Tortorec A, Delaleu B, Satie AP, Patard JJ, Jégou B, Dejucq-Rainsford N. Human testis in organotypic culture: application for basic or clinical research. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1564-75. [PMID: 16497692 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, recurring efforts have been devoted to developing testicular cell or tissue cultures for basic and clinical research. However, there remains much confusion, particularly concerning the fate of human germ cells in culture. OBJECTIVE To reassess the status of human testicular cell types as well as the ability of germ cells to divide and differentiate in organotypic culture. METHODS Human testicular fragments were maintained for 2 weeks in culture. The viability and functionality of testicular cells were assessed using light and electronic microscopy, apoptotic cell labelling, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR against specific cell markers. RESULTS A gradual loss of meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells occurred throughout the culture period, irrespective of the presence of gonadotrophins. However, all germ cell types remained traceable for up to 16 days, some still dividing and differentiating at a rate compatible with the in vivo situation. Good maintenance of the general architecture of the explants associated with clearly quantifiable levels of several somatic cell markers was observed. CONCLUSION Although this culture model is clearly unsuitable for preparing germ cells for therapeutic purposes, it does represent a most valuable tool for testing the effects of biological and chemical agents on testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Roulet
- INSERM, U625, GERHM, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
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Abstract
Sexually transmissible diseases such as AIDS have renewed the attention paid to viruses capable of infecting the male genital tract. The presence of viruses at this level may not only lead to their transmission and spread via semen but may also impact on male fertility and/or represent a potential cause of genital organ cancers. This review summarizes the currently available data on the various viruses identified in the human semen and male reproductive tract, their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The use of medically assisted reproduction as a therapeutic tool in serodiscordant couples, as well as treatment strategies that need to be developed in order to eradicate these viruses from the male genital tract, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dejucq-Rainsford
- GERM-INSERM U435, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35 042 Rennes, France.
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Melaine N, Ruffault A, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Jégou B. Experimental inoculation of the adult rat testis with Sendai virus: effect on testicular morphology and leukocyte population. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:1574-9. [PMID: 12871865 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surprisingly little is known about the interactions between viruses and the male uro-genital tract. These are important, as viral testicular orchitis, induced by mumps or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for example, can lead to sterility. Moreover, semen is an essential vector in the propagation of sexually transmissible viral diseases. Here, we studied the effects of testicular infection with Sendai virus, a virus related to mumps virus, on the cellular distribution of viral particles and on testicular morphology, with particular attention to the testicular leukocyte population. METHODS At 5, 9, 11 or 24 h post-injection of Sendai virus through the scrotum, the testes were fixed for morphological and immunohistological studies. Localization of virus particles and numeration of leukocytes were performed using specific antibodies and morphological criteria. RESULTS As early as 5 h post-injection, a rapid and massive infiltration of leukocytes was observed in the interstitial tissue. The peritubular cell layer and the most external part of the basal portion of the seminiferous tubules were altered. The virus was diffusely located within the interstitial tissue 9 h following the injection whereas, after 24 h, viral proteins were restricted to the cytoplasm of infiltrated leukocytes. The number of leukocytes increased with time post-injection. Thus, 24 h post-injection, CD3+ T-cell number was 3-fold higher, ED1+ monocyte number was 4-fold higher and polynuclear cell number was 600-fold higher than in the control testes (P<0.001 all observations). In contrast, the population of resident macrophages was unaffected by Sendai virus. CONCLUSIONS Testicular viral infection causes inflammation including rapid recruitment of leukocytes. The experiments presented here provide a model for further studies on the etiopathology of viral orchitis, in particular that caused by mumps virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Melaine
- GERM-INSERM U435, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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