In vitro and in vivo action of Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Anthelminthic resistant populations of Haemonchus contortus are a major problem in sheep rearing, but plant extracts may offer viable alternative treatments. In our preliminary studies, Piptadenia viridiflora was frequently selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado. The present research evaluated its in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. The HPLC chromatograms of P. viridiflora aqueous extract (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) showed the presence of flavonoids. The total condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) was 0.2 and 1.01% in AE and EE, respectively. In an egg hatching inhibition (EHI) test, the LC90 of AE was 2.4mg/mL, and, of EE, was 2.1mg/mL. After tannin extraction, higher EHI and lower LC90 were observed. In a larval development inhibition test, the LC90 of AE was 13.66mg/g of fecal culture. The highest dose of AE administered to mice (203.0mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. In vivo, AE was orally administered to lambs at 283mg/kg bw, and, at weeks one, two, and three post-treatment, the mean fecal egg count (FEC) was significantly lower than in untreated lambs (P<0.05). Blood parameters were normal and similar in untreated and treated sheep. For all lamb groups, the mean total serum protein was significantly higher at week two post-treatment than at other evaluated periods (P<0.05). Piptadenia viridiflora extracts had low condensed tannin content and exhibited high anthelminthic efficacy in vitro and significantly reduced FEC. Tannins were not shown to be the principal components affecting EHI, hence it is necessary to isolate and characterize the principal active P. viridiflora compounds, and to assess their possible synergism.

Perfil bioquímico sorológico de bovinos inoculados experimentalmente com veneno crotálico iodado livre e iodado incorporado em liposomas

Investigou-se o perfil sorológico de bovinos inoculados com veneno crotálico detoxificado pelo método de iodação e iodação com encapsulação em liposomas. Onze fêmeas com idade média de 18 meses e peso médio de160kg, foram inoculadas com 0,03mg/kg de peso vivo do veneno crotálico do tipo crotamina positivo. Cinco animais receberam o veneno iodado livre, cinco o iodado encapsulado em liposomas e um animal recebeu o mesmo veneno na forma natural, para controle da letalidade da amostra de veneno utilizada. Não houve alterações significativas na concentração de proteínas totais, uréia e creatinina em ambos os tratamentos. Foi observada diferença significativa na concentração de creatinafosfoquinase a partir de duas horas após a inoculação do veneno. A iodação do veneno crotálico, com ou sem incorporação em liposomas, suprimiu seus efeitos deletérios sobre o perfil bioquímico de bovinos.