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Haque F, Jawad N, Brzuszek A, Birk R, Stephens A, Brown V, Bozas G, Avery G, Maraveyas A. PO-37: A study of the evolution of radiological features of untreated small volume pulmonary embolism (PE) in cancer patients. Thromb Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(22)00227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Geldsetzer P, Mukama T, Jawad N, Riffe T, Rogers A, Sudharsanan N. Sex differences in the mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 compared to other causes of death. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33655277 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.23.21252314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Men are more likely than women to die due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper sets out to examine whether the magnitude of the sex differences in the COVID-19 mortality rate are unusual when compared to other common causes of death. In doing so, we aim to provide evidence as to whether the causal pathways for the sex differences in the mortality rate of COVID-19 likely differ from those for other causes of death. We found that sex differences in the age-standardized COVID-19 mortality rate were substantially larger than for the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate and most other common causes of death. These differences were especially large in the oldest age groups. One Sentence Summary The sex difference in the mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 is substantially larger than for other common causes of death.
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Hunter R, Jawad N, Byass O. NG12 patient questionnaire: a simple intervention identifies patients at risk of lung cancer and improves the diagnostic pathway. Clin Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kosmin M, Makris A, Jawad N, Miles D, Padhani AR. Abstract P4-21-36: Splenic enlargement and bone marrow hyperplasia in patients receiving trastuzumab-emtansine for metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p4-21-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate used for treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer. An association between T-DM1 and splenic enlargement was noted anecdotally on sequential whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) examinations. A retrospective analysis of WB-MRI examinations of patients on T-DM1 was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that an increase in splenic volume is due to either a generalised hyperplasia of the bone marrow and reticulo-endothelial system and/or an increase in portal venous pressure.
Methods
12 patients underwent 29 serial WB-MRIs before and during T-DM1 therapy. Splenic volume, portal vein diameter, bone marrow muscle-normalised signal intensity (nSI), water diffusivity (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC) and fat fraction were measured. Changes in splenic volume were analysed, and correlations between the measured variables were obtained.
Results
An increase in splenic volume was observed in 92% of patients. Mean splenic volume increased from 144cm3 (95%CI 110-177cm3) to 209cm3 (95%CI 161-257cm3) on T-DM1 therapy (p=0.006). Increase in splenic volume correlated with treatment duration (r2=0.71). Increase in normal bone marrow signal was seen (nSI 3.5 to 4.8, p=0.12), along with a decrease in fat fraction (64.3% to 57.3%, p=0.12), and reduced ADC (655µm2/s to 543µm2/s, p=0.11). No consistent changes to portal vein diameter were seen.
Discussion
An increase in splenic volume was consistently observed in patients on T-DM1 therapy. This was unrelated to portal vein changes but correlated with bone marrow hyperplasia. Caution should be applied when assessing metastatic disease in bone to avoid incorrectly attributing T-DM1-related changes in normal bone marrow to disease progression.
Citation Format: Kosmin M, Makris A, Jawad N, Miles D, Padhani AR. Splenic enlargement and bone marrow hyperplasia in patients receiving trastuzumab-emtansine for metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-21-36.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kosmin
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - A Makris
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - N Jawad
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - D Miles
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - AR Padhani
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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Mann JE, Hoesli R, Michmerhuizen NL, Devenport SN, Ludwig ML, Vandenberg TR, Matovina C, Jawad N, Mierzwa M, Shuman AG, Spector ME, Brenner JC. Surveilling the Potential for Precision Medicine-driven PD-1/PD-L1-targeted Therapy in HNSCC. J Cancer 2017; 8:332-344. [PMID: 28261333 PMCID: PMC5332883 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming an accepted treatment modality for many patients with cancer and is now approved for use in platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite these successes, a minority of patients with HNSCC receiving immunotherapy respond to treatment, and few undergo a complete response. Thus, there is a critical need to identify mechanisms regulating immune checkpoints in HNSCC such that one can predict who will benefit, and so novel combination strategies can be developed for non-responders. Here, we review the immunotherapy and molecular genetics literature to describe what is known about immune checkpoints in common genetic subsets of HNSCC. We highlight several highly recurrent genetic lesions that may serve as biomarkers or targets for combination immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - R Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - S N Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - T R Vandenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - C Matovina
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N Jawad
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A G Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Jawad N, Sebire NJ, Wade A, Taylor AM, Chitty LS, Arthurs OJ. Body weight lower limits of fetal postmortem MRI at 1.5 T. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:92-97. [PMID: 26183321 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic yield of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM-MRI) compared with conventional autopsy in fetuses of early gestational age and low body weight. METHODS Fetuses of < 31 weeks' gestation that underwent 1.5-T PM-MRI and conventional autopsy were included. The findings of PM-MRI and conventional autopsy were reported blinded to each other. The reports of conventional autopsy and PM-MRI for each organ system (cardiovascular, neurological, abdominal, non-cardiac thoracic and musculoskeletal) were classified as either diagnostic or non-diagnostic. The likelihood of a non-diagnostic examination by PM-MRI was calculated according to fetal gestational age and body weight. RESULTS Full datasets were examined of 204 fetuses, with mean gestational age of 20.95 ± 3.82 weeks (range, 12.0-30.7 weeks) and body-weight range of 15.9-1872 g. Body weight was the most significant predictor of diagnostic yield of PM-MRI. There was 95% confidence that 90% of fetuses will show diagnostic images by PM-MRI for all five organ systems when fetal body weight is ≥ 535 g, but < 50% of fetuses will have all five systems diagnostic on PM-MRI when body weight is < 122 g. CONCLUSION PM-MRI is highly likely to provide adequate diagnostic images for fetuses with a body weight > 500 g. Below this weight, the diagnostic yield of standard 1.5-T PM-MRI decreases significantly. These data should help inform parents and clinicians on the suitability of performing PM-MRI in fetuses with low body weight. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jawad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- Department of Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Wade
- Clinical Epidemiology, Nutrition and Biostatistics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A M Taylor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
- Cardiorespiratory Division, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L S Chitty
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Jawad N, Dumba M, Brock P, McHugh K. Increased uptake on 99mTc bone scintigraphy in a case of tumoral calcinosis in a child. BJR Case Rep 2015; 1:20150012. [PMID: 30363179 PMCID: PMC6159136 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumoral calcinosis is an idiopathic condition resulting in the periarticular deposition of calcium crystals and salts in soft tissues. It is rare in children, and even rarer in idiopathic form. We present a case of a 2-year-old female with tumoral calcinosis in the supraclavicular region, and, in particular, focus on the pertinent radiological findings with radiography, MRI and bone scintigraphy.
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Macey MG, Jawad N, McCarthy DA, Newland AC, Brown KA. Flow cytometric analysis of different adhesion molecules expression on circulating CD14- and CD64- human dendritic cell precursors. Immunobiology 2000; 202:59-67. [PMID: 10879690 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood dendritic cell precursors (DCps) are identified as mononuclear leukocytes expressing HLA-DR but lacking the characteristic antigens associated with T cells (CD3), NK cells (CD16 and CD56) and B cells (CD 19). Dendritic cell precursors are distinguished from monocytes by their lack of expression of CD64 rather than of CD14. This study investigated whether CD14- DCps differed from CD64-DCps, which were predominantly CD14+, in their expression of five well-characterised adhesion molecules. There were significantly fewer cells expressing CD11b, CD18 and CD29 in the CD64-DCp population compared with CD14- DCps, and this CD64- DCp subpopulation also had a lower expression of CD11b and CD18. Our results suggest that the two DC precursor subpopulations may differ from one another in their binding characteristics to blood vessel walls and to other leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Macey
- Department of Hematology, The Royal London Hospital, UK.
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el-Reshaid K, Kapoor M, Nampoory N, Madda J, Jawad N, Johny K. Treatment of children with steroid refractory idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: the Kuwaiti experience. Ren Fail 1999; 21:487-94. [PMID: 10516993 DOI: 10.3109/08860229909045188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the treatment and outcome of Kuwaiti children with steroid refractory idiopathic glomerulonephritis (SRIGN), i.e. nephrotic syndrome who failed an eight-week course of prednisone, were collected retrospectively from the records of children attending the two renal centers of Kuwait between January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1996. During those seven years, a total of 34 Kuwaiti children were diagnosed to have SRIGN. Histologically, 22 (65%) of those patients had minimal change, 5 (15%) focal segmental GN, 2 (6%) non-IgA mesangioproliferative GN and one membranous GN. Twenty-two patients had manifested frequent relapses, six were steroid-dependent and six were steroid-resistant. Treatment options were in the following order: (a) small maintenance-dose of corticosteroids (< 0.5 mg/kg/alternate days); (b) cyclophosphamide and or chlorambucil for a single eight week-course or eight then 12 week courses (c) cyclosporin A for three months. The response to therapy was as follows: nine children were cured with low-dose corticosteroids; 17 with chlorambucil and/or cyclophosphamide; and five with cyclosporin A. At the end of study, only three children failed such drug therapy, two of who had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K el-Reshaid
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat
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