MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (E621) AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL ORGANS (REVIEW)

The study of the mechanisms of the effect of various food additives on the human and animal organism is one of the most pressing problems today. The work of physicians, toxicologists, physiologists is aimed at studying the mechanisms of the toxic effect of food additives, as well as studying compensatory-adaptive reactions in response to their ingestion. Monosodium glutamate (E621) is widely used in marketing as a flavor enhancer and is added to many processed foods. Today, about 50% of store products contain this additive, while the average daily human consumption in industrialized European countries is approximately 0.3-1.0 g. The purpose of this work is to analyze the literature data on the effect of monosodium glutamate on various organs and systems of the human body. The research used the bibliosemantic method of analyzing scientific publications. The article assesses 40 literary sources. Special attention is paid to the sources for the last 5 years (2016-2021). This review of the scientific literature proves the importance of further study of food additives and their effect for the development of a scientifically based strategy for increasing the tolerance of humans and animals to xenobiotics by activating genetically fixed mechanisms, as well as by creating new perfect adaptogens.

REMODELING OF THE RAT DUODENAL WALL UNDER THE EFFECT OF COMPLEX FOOD ADDITIVES OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE, SODIUM NITRITE AND PONCEAU 4R

The purpose of the study was to establish the dynamics of changes in morphometric parameters of the structural components of the rats' duodenal wall with long-term use of a complex of food additives: sodium nitrite, sodium glutamate and Ponceau 4R. The work was performed on 84 adult nonlinear male rats, which were given to drink 10% sodium nitrite solution, sodium glutamate was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg in 0.5 ml of distilled water, Ponceau 4R - at a dose of 5 mg/kg in 0.5 ml distilled water 1 time per day orally. Thus, the use of a complex of dietary additives of sodium nitrite, sodium glutamate and Ponceau 4R led to changes in the morphometric parameters of all structural components of the rats' duodenal wall. This reaction is aimed at neutralizing the alterative factor and restoring the morphofunctional state of the duodenum. By the end of the observation, complete recovery of structural components was not established due to the predominance of constant negative influence of the stimulus with the occurrence of dystophic-destructive changes.

[INTERMICROBIAL INTERACTIONS OF THE ORAL BIOTOPE]

The article indicates that the oral cavity is one of the complex and stable biotopes, very favorable for the growth and maintenance of the vital activity of microorganisms. However, the biocenoses of all human biotopes are inextricably linked and a change in one of them causes changes in the others. These changes can also lead to negative consequences for the macroorganism. It is known that such common human diseases as tooth decay and inflammatory periodontal diseases are caused by representatives of oral microbiocenosis. These pathologies have their own characteristics and are the result of intermicrobial and organismic relationships. The questions of intermicrobial relations were dealt with by the American ecologist Eugene Odum, who classified biotic relationships by the nature of their influence on interacting species, as well as the Italian mathematician Vito Volterra, considered the founder of the modern mathematical theory of populations. Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy employees pay great attention to the study of oral microbiocenosis in normal conditions and in various pathologies. We carried out the calculations of microflora studied in one of these researches according to the V. Volterra formulas and using the modified classification of Yu. Odum. They showed the possibility of determining the type of relationship between associates of the oral biotope. This position may be useful when planning hygienic and therapeutic procedures performed in the oral cavity.