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Wang JK, Zheng L, Cheng NS, Li FY. [Whole view of the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:291-296. [PMID: 36822585 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20221212-00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer is a group of malignancies which originate from biliary epithelium, and adenocarcinoma is the main pathological type. Although surgical resection is the only radical treatment strategy, most biliary tract cancer patients are diagnosed at locally advanced stage or with distant metastasis. Biliary tract cancer is highly resistant to the conventional chemoradiotherapy and the emerging immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors, owing to the suppressive immune microenvironment. In a whole view, this paper discussed the anti-tumor and tumor-promoting immune responses of the various immune cells and stromal cells in the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer, as well as their correlation with prognosis. The understanding of the whole view of immune microenvironment in biliary tract cancer patients could further inform the design of clinical trials of immunotherapy or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wang
- Department of Biliary Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
| | - L Zheng
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore 21287,USA
| | - N S Cheng
- Department of Biliary Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
| | - F Y Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
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Hon KL, Lam PH, Ng WG, Kung JS, Cheng NS, Lin ZX, Chow CM, Leung TF. Age, sex, and disease status as determinants of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss among children with and without eczema. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26:19-26. [PMID: 32051333 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj198150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Skin hydration (SH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are important skin biophysical parameters for assessment of childhood eczema. This study investigated whether age, sex, and disease status influence these parameters. METHODS Skin hydration and TEWL were measured by Delfin MoistureMeterSC and Delfin Vapometer SWL5, respectively, among children aged ≤18 years with and without eczema. Disease status was evaluated using Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS) clinical tools. RESULTS Clinical scores and objective measurements were reviewed for 132 patients with eczema and 120 patients without eczema. In both sexes, SH was significantly higher among children aged ≤2 years with and without eczema than among children aged >2 years with and without eczema. Among children aged >2 years, SH was higher among girls with and without eczema than among boys with and without eczema. Regardless of age or sex, SH was lower among children with eczema than among children without eczema. Age-, sex-, and disease-related differences were not observed for TEWL. Skin hydration was negatively correlated with objective SCORAD (r=-0.418, P<0.001), overall SCORAD (r=-0.385, P<0.001), oedema/papulation (r=-0.243, P=0.041), lichenification (r=-0.363, P=0.002), dryness (r=-0.415, P<0.001), and intensity (r=-0.266, P=0.025). Transepidermal water loss was positively correlated with objective SCORAD (r=0.209, P=0.018), overall SCORAD (r=0.215, P=0.015), and lichenification (r=0.240, P=0.043). Skin hydration was negatively correlated with TEWL among children without eczema (r=-0.401, P<0.001), but not among children with eczema. CONCLUSION Skin hydration can be used to distinguish clinical differences in eczema based on age, sex, and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,The Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - P H Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W G Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J S Kung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - N S Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Z X Lin
- The Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C M Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Hon KL, Ng WGG, Kung JSC, Cheng NS, Ng DKK, Leung TF. Utility of the Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire for childhood eczema. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:290-295. [PMID: 30706447 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with pruritus and sleep loss. It is important to evaluate quality-of-life (QoL) impairment objectively in atopic diseases in children. OBJECTIVES To investigate the utility of the Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ) in children with eczema. METHODS PADQLQ, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM, a short-term subjective symptom score), Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS, a long-term subjective symptom score) and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI, a short-term subjective symptom score) were compared and correlations evaluated. RESULTS PADQLQ, POEM, NESS and CDLQI correlated well with each other (n = 132 sets; Spearman correlations: rho = 0·48-0·70, P < 0·001). A Bland-Altman plot showed a reasonably good agreement between CDLQI and PADQLQ. PADQLQ showed that symptoms of asthma, allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis were present in 20-30%, 45-71% and 58-67% of children with AD, respectively. Nevertheless, there was no association of eczema symptomatology by POEM or NESS with the severity of other allergic diseases. CONCLUSIONS PADQLQ correlates well with AD-specific severity and QoL scores and reflects all allergic symptoms that holistically influence QoL in children with AD. PADQLQ is hence a composite severity score in terms of clinical symptomatology and QoL impairment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W G G Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J S C Kung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - N S Cheng
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - D K K Ng
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Introduction: Eczema is the most common childhood skin problem in Hong Kong. Treatment adherence is crucial in symptom management and the effectiveness of eczema management. The Problematic Experiences of Therapy Scale (PETS) is used to assess adherence to treatment among children with eczema. Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of the translated Chinese version of PETS (C-PETS) among parents and caregivers of children with eczema. Methods: PETS was translated into Chinese and data obtained from a convenience sample of 147 Chinese participants from a regional hospital in Hong Kong. Results: The internal consistency of C-PETS with a Cronbach's α of 0.93 and good test-retest reliability with weighted Kappa ranging from 0.74 to 0.89 were obtained. Significant positive correlations were found among the C-PETS, Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (r = 0.25, p = .002), and Severity Grading of Atopic Dermatitis scores (r = 0.38, p = .001). A significant negative correlation was found between C-PETS and Chinese adaptation of Generic Self-Efficacy scale (r = -0.40, p = .001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data supported the structural validity of C-PETS. Conclusion: This study indicates that C-PETS is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate treatment adherence for Chinese parents and caregivers of children with eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - J P C Chau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - K L E Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - K C Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - J S C Kung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - W G Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
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Jin YW, Ye H, Li FY, Xiong XZ, Cheng NS. Compression Stockings for Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 50:328-34. [PMID: 27260750 DOI: 10.1177/1538574416652242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of compression stockings for postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) prevention in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the use of compression stockings for prevention of PTS were identified from the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases as well as the Cochrane library. The resulting manuscripts were analyzed according to the criteria in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS Six RCTs involving 1465 patients with DVT were included. The meta-analysis indicated no statistical differences between the compression stocking and the control groups in PTS incidence, using either the Villalta scale (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.74) or the Ginsberg scale (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.72-1.77). Based on the Villalta scale categorization, there were no differences in the incidence of mild-moderate PTS (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.36-1.41) or incidence of severe PTS (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.15-3.11). The difference in the recurrence of venous thromboembolism (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.61-1.30) was also not significant. In the 3 RCTs that reported side effects of compression stockings, they were primarily related to discomfort, including itching, erythema, and rash. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis has indicated that compression stockings may not prevent PTS, as determined by either the Villalta or the Ginsberg scale, in patients with DVT. However, owing to the limited number of trials, the evidence is not strong enough to draw a reliable conclusion. Further larger, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Jin
- General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Ye
- General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Y Li
- General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Z Xiong
- General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N S Cheng
- General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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You Z, Bei L, Cheng LP, Cheng NS. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C in cholangiocarcinomas at different clinical and pathological stages. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:6239-46. [PMID: 26125824 DOI: 10.4238/2015.june.9.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and vascular en-dothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in cholangiocarcinomas at differ-ent clinical and pathological stages. Eighty cholangiocarcinoma sam-ples of patients treated with surgery between January 2012 and January 2014 were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect COX-2 and VEGF-C expression at different clinical and pathological stages. ELISA, real-time PCR, invasive chambers, and MTT assay were ap-plied in cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with a COX-2 inhib-itor. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C correlated positively with the clinical TNM stage but did not correlate with the differentiation status. Inhibition of COX-2 activity reduced VEGF-C mRNA expression and secretion in cholangiocarcinoma cells and decreased their migration but not proliferation. Because of its ability to inhibit invasion, COX-2 could be a new target for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z You
- Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - L Bei
- Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - L P Cheng
- Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - N S Cheng
- Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Bardon AB, Beattie S, Luciuk C, Cairncross W, Fine D, Cheng NS, Edge GJA, Taylor E, Zhang S, Trotzky S, Thywissen JH. Transverse Demagnetization Dynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas. Science 2014; 344:722-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1247425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Bardon
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - S. Beattie
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - C. Luciuk
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - W. Cairncross
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - D. Fine
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - N. S. Cheng
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - G. J. A. Edge
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - E. Taylor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - S. Zhang
- Department of Physics, Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - S. Trotzky
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - J. H. Thywissen
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A7 Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8 Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the neurological recovery and fusion rate of patients with myelopathy who were treated with anterior corpectomy and anterior cervical plating. METHODS The results of 17 cervical myelopathy patients who underwent decompression and anterior cervical plating were retrospectively reviewed at a mean follow-up of 2 years. RESULTS By Kurokawa score, 82.4% of patients showed excellent-to-good results. The fusion rates of 2-level and 3-level anterior cervical corpectomy, and of anterior plate fixation were 100%. There were no implant- or graft-related complications. Transient dysphagia in 9 (52.9%) patients resolved after a mean of 3 months (range, 1-9 months). CONCLUSION The use of anterior cervical plating after anterior corpectomy and fusion with autologous bone graft greatly enhances arthrodesis. The improved fusion rate and low complication rate associated with anterior cervical plating may justify its use in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.
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DeCamillis M, Cheng NS, Pierre D, Brock HW. The polyhomeotic gene of Drosophila encodes a chromatin protein that shares polytene chromosome-binding sites with Polycomb. Genes Dev 1992; 6:223-32. [PMID: 1346609 DOI: 10.1101/gad.6.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) genes in Drosophila melanogaster are required for maintenance of correct spatial expression of homeotic genes, and their products are thought to form either a regulatory network or act as a multimeric complex. Recently, it has been suggested that because of homology between Polycomb (Pc) and Su(var)205, PcG genes encode chromatin proteins required for the maintenance of a determined state in chromatin. The polyhomeotic (ph) gene is a member of the PcG of genes. We present DNA sequence of a ph cDNA, which encodes a 169-kD protein with a single putative zinc finger, a serine/threonine-rich region, and has glutamine repeats, suggesting that ph is a DNA-binding protein. Polyclonal antisera directed against ph protein bind to approximately 80 sites on polytene chromosomes. Most of these sites appear to be the same as those recognized by antibodies to Pc protein. ph protein binds to insertion sites of constructs containing DNA from the bithoraxoid (bxd) region of the Bithorax complex, showing that ph binding to chromatin is DNA dependent. The same bxd constructs are recognized by Pc protein, strongly supporting the hypothesis that ph and Pc interact directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M DeCamillis
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
We have isolated and analyzed eight strict maternal effect mutations identifying four genes, par-1, par-2, par-3, and par-4, required for cytoplasmic localization in early embryos of the nematode C. elegans. Mutations in these genes lead to defects in cleavage patterns, timing of cleavages, and localization of germ line-specific P granules. Four mutations in par-1 and par-4 are fully expressed maternal effect lethal mutations; all embryos from mothers homozygous for these mutations arrest as amorphous masses of differentiated cells but are specifically lacking intestinal cells. Four mutations in par-2, par-3, and par-4 are incompletely expressed maternal effect lethal mutations and are also grandchildless; some embryos from homozygous mothers survive and grow to become infertile adults due to absence of functional germ cells. We propose that all of these defects result from the failure of a maternally encoded system for intracellular localization in early embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kemphues
- Section of Genetics and Development Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853
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