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Akuffo R, Armah G, Clemens M, Kronmann KC, Jones AH, Agbenohevi P, Sagoe K, Puplampu N, Talla Nzussouo N, Ampofo W, Koram K, Duplessis C, Dueger E. Prevalence of enteric infections among hospitalized patients in two referral hospitals in Ghana. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:292. [PMID: 28716138 PMCID: PMC5514524 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Africa and Ghana in particular, it is estimated to contribute directly to 19 and 25% of pediatric mortality among children under 5 years, respectively. Methods Surveillance for hospitalized acute diarrheal illness was initiated in November 2010 through October 2012 in a referral hospital in southern Ghana, and a teaching hospital in northern Ghana. Consenting hospitalized patients who met a standardized case definition for acute diarrheal illness provided demographic and epidemiologic data. Stool samples were collected and tested by culture for bacteria and by enzyme immunoassays for a panel of viruses and parasites. Results A total of 429 patients were enrolled; 216 (50.3%) were under 5 years, and 221 (51.5%) were females. Stool samples were received from 153 patients. Culture isolates included Shigella sp., Salmonella spp., Plesiomonas sp. and Vibrio cholerae. Of 147 samples tested for viruses, 41 (27.9%) were positive for rotaviruses, 11 (7.5%) for astroviruses, 10 (6.8%) for noroviruses, and 8 (5.4%) for adenoviruses. Of 116 samples tested for parasitic infections; 4 (3.4%) were positive for Cryptosporidium sp. and 3 (2.6%) for Giardia lamblia. Of the enrolled patients, 78.8% had taken antibiotics prior to sample collection. Conclusions Diarrheal pathogens were identified across all ages, however, predominantly (81%) in the children under 5 years of age. This study also detected high antibiotic use which has the potential of increasing antibiotic resistance. The most common enteric pathogen detected (49.4%) was rotavirus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2621-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Akuffo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana. .,Global Disease Detection & Response Program (GDDRP), U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Cairo, Egypt. .,Global Disease Detection (GDD) Egypt Regional Center, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, NAMRU-3, PSC 452, P.O Box 5000, Foster city, FPO, AE 09835-9998, USA.
| | - G Armah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - M Clemens
- Global Disease Detection & Response Program (GDDRP), U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Cairo, Egypt.,Global Disease Detection (GDD) Egypt Regional Center, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, NAMRU-3, PSC 452, P.O Box 5000, Foster city, FPO, AE 09835-9998, USA
| | - K C Kronmann
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A H Jones
- Global Disease Detection & Response Program (GDDRP), U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Cairo, Egypt.,Global Disease Detection (GDD) Egypt Regional Center, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, NAMRU-3, PSC 452, P.O Box 5000, Foster city, FPO, AE 09835-9998, USA
| | | | - K Sagoe
- Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana
| | - N Puplampu
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana
| | - N Talla Nzussouo
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - K Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - C Duplessis
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana
| | - E Dueger
- Global Disease Detection & Response Program (GDDRP), U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Cairo, Egypt.,Global Disease Detection (GDD) Egypt Regional Center, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, NAMRU-3, PSC 452, P.O Box 5000, Foster city, FPO, AE 09835-9998, USA.,U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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N'gattia AK, Coulibaly D, Nzussouo NT, Kadjo HA, Chérif D, Traoré Y, Kouakou BK, Kouassi PD, Ekra KD, Dagnan NS, Williams T, Tiembré I. Effects of climatological parameters in modeling and forecasting seasonal influenza transmission in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:972. [PMID: 27624302 PMCID: PMC5022141 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In temperate regions, influenza epidemics occur in the winter and correlate with certain climatological parameters. In African tropical regions, the effects of climatological parameters on influenza epidemics are not well defined. This study aims to identify and model the effects of climatological parameters on seasonal influenza activity in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. Methods We studied the effects of weekly rainfall, humidity, and temperature on laboratory-confirmed influenza cases in Abidjan from 2007 to 2010. We used the Box-Jenkins method with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) process to create models using data from 2007–2010 and to assess the predictive value of best model on data from 2011 to 2012. Results The weekly number of influenza cases showed significant cross-correlation with certain prior weeks for both rainfall, and relative humidity. The best fitting multivariate model (ARIMAX (2,0,0) _RF) included the number of influenza cases during 1-week and 2-weeks prior, and the rainfall during the current week and 5-weeks prior. The performance of this model showed an increase of >3 % for Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and 2.5 % for Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) compared to the reference univariate ARIMA (2,0,0). The prediction of the weekly number of influenza cases during 2011–2012 with the best fitting multivariate model (ARIMAX (2,0,0) _RF), showed that the observed values were within the 95 % confidence interval of the predicted values during 97 of 104 weeks. Conclusion Including rainfall increases the performances of fitted and predicted models. The timing of influenza in Abidjan can be partially explained by rainfall influence, in a setting with little change in temperature throughout the year. These findings can help clinicians to anticipate influenza cases during the rainy season by implementing preventive measures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3503-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K N'gattia
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. .,Training and Research Unit of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - D Coulibaly
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - N Talla Nzussouo
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
| | - H A Kadjo
- Department of Virology, Respiratory Diseases, Pasteur Institute, 01 BP 490, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - D Chérif
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Y Traoré
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Training and Research Unit of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - B K Kouakou
- Department of Virology, Respiratory Diseases, Pasteur Institute, 01 BP 490, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - P D Kouassi
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - K D Ekra
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Training and Research Unit of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - N S Dagnan
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Training and Research Unit of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - T Williams
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
| | - I Tiembré
- Department of Epidemiology, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, BP V 14, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Training and Research Unit of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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